# textalpha.sty

Greek symbols in text

Copyright
  © 2010 Günter Milde
Licence

  This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 of this license or any later version.

Identification

      \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
      \ProvidesPackage{textalpha}
      [2016/02/05 v0.13.2 macros for Greek letters in text]

Abstract

Provide a set of \text* macros for Greek characters in text mode.

Note

The package was renamed from textgreek to textalpha to prevent confusion with the textgreek package by Leonard Michlmayr.

Changelog:

  0.1 | 2010-06-16 | initial version
  0.2 | 2012-06-27 | support for compound Unicode definitions outside LGR
  0.3 | 2013-05-03 | new accent macro names with lgrxenc.def 0.7
  0.4 | 2013-05-28 | use lgrenc.def from greek-fontenc.
  0.5 | 2013-09-11 .. | move to greek-fontenc, support XeTeX/LuaTeX, add breve below accents.
  0.11 | 2013-11-28 | compatibility with Xe/LuaTeX in 8-bit mode.
  0.12 | 2014-12-12 | fix auxiliary macro names, define symbol macros for breathing accents.
  0.13 | 2015-09-04 .. | Option normalize-symbols: support for symbol variants. Option keep-semicolon: use semicolon as erotimatiko in LGR.
  0.13.2 | 2016-02-05 | Support for standard Unicode text font encoding “TU” (new in fontspec v2.5a).

Contents

- Motivation

- Usage

- Implementation

  - Options

    - normalize-symbols

    - keep-semicolon

  - Font encodings

  - Symbol macros for breathings

  - Default declarations

    - greekscript, ensuregreek

    - Greek Alphabet

    - Additional Greek symbols

      - variant shape symbols

    - Diacritics

    - Auxiliary macros

    - semicolon as erotimatiko

# Motivation

By default, TeX macros for Greek letters are only valid in mathematical mode. This package sets up a suitable font encoding and LaTeX internal character representations (LICR) definitions for Greek (\textalpha – \textOmega).

To allow documents using Greek LICR macros without worrying about the TeX engine used to compile them, this package tests the declared font encodings and does “the right thing” to set up Greek text font support:

- If the Unicode font encodings EU1 (XeTeX) or EU2 (LuaTeX) are declared, before loading this package (e.g. via fontspec) the package provides Greek LICR definitions for them.

- Otherwise, the LGR font encoding is set as default font encoding (cf. fntguide section 5.3) for Greek.

Advantages:

- Symbols from a Greek text font (e.g. the CB fonts) can be accessed without the need for an explicite font-encoding switch anywhere in the text.

- Unicode input of Greek characters is supported

  - via \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} and lgrenc.dfu from greek-inputenc for 8-bit TeX or XeTeX/LuaTeX in 8-bit compatibility mode in any font encoding (see textalpha-doc.tex).

  - natively by XeTeX/LuaTeX for Unicode fonts. As inputenc does not work with these engines, text input can be done via the Latin transcription or LICR but not via literal Unicode characters for 8-bit font encodings like LGR (see greek-euenc-doc.tex).

Attention!

The macros work well in any font encoding for single symbols. However, with 8-bit TeX engines, the automatic font-encoding switches behind the doors interfere with kerning between letters and replacement of accent+character with a pre-composed character.

Therefore, Greek text should be written with the help of babel or polyglossia (setting the language to greek) or wrapped in the provided ensuregreek macro. Using babel or polyglossia also helps to ensure correct hyphenation of Greek text.

# Usage

Ensure support for Greek characters in text mode with

    \usepackage{textalpha}

eventually with the options to normalize symbols variants

    \usepackage[normalize-symbols]{textalpha}

and/or to use the semicolon as erotimatiko also in 8-bit TeX

    \usepackage[normalize-symbols,keep-semicolon]{textalpha}

To give textalpha.sty a chance of finding out which font encodings are used, load it after fontspec and/or fontenc.

For detailled examples see textalpha-doc.tex and textalpha-doc.pdf (8-bit TeX and XeTeX/LuaTeX in 8-bit compatibility mode) as well as greek-euenc-doc.tex and greek-euenc-doc.pdf (XeTeX/LuaTeX with Unicode fonts).

With XeTeX or LuaTex, Unicode fonts and LGR encoded 8-bit fonts can be used in the same document (see greek-euenc-doc.tex).

# Implementation

## Options

### normalize-symbols

The “variant shape” symbol characters like 03D1 GREEK THETA SYMBOL are mathematical charcters for mathematical use (similar to 1D440 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL M). Unfortunately, some Greek texts sources in Unicode encoding mix letter and symbol characters .

The “normalize-symbols” option controls the handling of variant shape symbols under 8-bit TeX:

- The option activates a simple “folding” mechanism that merges ϰ and κ to textkappa etc. for text copied from external sources which may use the GREEK SYMBOL characters in place of GREEK LETTERS,

- Without this option, variant shape symbols in the input are reported as errors to prevent information loss in cases where the distinction between ϰ and κ is intended (e.g. in mathematical or scientific context).

With XeTeX/LuaTeX and Unicode fonts, this option is ignored.

    \newif\iftextalpha@normalizeSymbols
    \DeclareOption{normalize-symbols}{\textalpha@normalizeSymbolstrue}

### keep-semicolon

The erotimatiko looks like a semicolon but is a Greek question mark:

- The LGR font encoding uses the Latin question mark as input for the erotimatiko and maps the semicolon to a middle dot (ano teleia).

- The Unicode standard provides the code point 037E GREEK QUESTION MARK but says: “character 003B SEMICOLON (and not 037E) is the preferred character for Greek question mark”.

The keep-semicolon option allows to use the semicolon as erotimatiko in both, Xe/LuaTeX and 8-bit TeX. (The ano teleia can be input as \textanoteleia or using character 00B7 MIDDLE DOT.) With XeTeX/LuaTeX and Unicode fonts, this option is ignored.

    \newif\iftextalpha@keepSemicolon
    \DeclareOption{keep-semicolon}{\textalpha@keepSemicolontrue}

    \ProcessOptions\relax

## Font encodings

With 8-bit LaTeX, the LGR font encoding is used for Greek characters. If no Greek-supporting font encoding (TU, EU1, EU2, or LGR) is declared, LGR is loaded and set up as default Greek font encoding by this package.

With XeTeX or LuaTeX, there is one common input and font encoding – Unicode. 8-bit TeX font encodings are only used in compatibility mode or for fonts not available otherwise. For compatibility with the LaTeX font selection system, fontspec defines the TU font encoding or the (pseudo) font encodings EU1 and EU2 for XeTeX and LuaTeX respectively. However fontspec does not (yet) define Greek LICR macros. We therefore explicitely load Greek LICR definitions for XeTeX/LuaTeX from greek-euenc.def which in turn includes greek-fontenc.def.

Ensure a Greek-supporting font encoding exists and supports Greek LICR macros:

- Load the Greek LICR definitions for Unicode if the font encoding TU, EU1 (XeTeX) or EU2 (LuaTeX) is detected.

- Re-set \LastDeclaredEncoding (used in some included font-encoding files).

- If none of TU, EU1, EU2, or LGR is declared, load lgrenc.def.

    \@ifl@aded{def}{tuenc}{
      \renewcommand{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{TU}
      \input{greek-euenc.def}
    }{% else
      \@ifl@aded{def}{eu1enc}{
        \renewcommand{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{EU1}
        \input{greek-euenc.def}
      }{% else
        \@ifl@aded{def}{eu2enc}{
          \renewcommand{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{EU2}
          \input{greek-euenc.def}
        }{% else
          \@ifl@aded{def}{lgrenc}{
            % LGR already declared and set up
            \renewcommand{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{LGR}
          }{
            \input{lgrenc.def}
          }
        }
      }
    }

The package hyperref defines the PU font encoding which also supports (monotonic) Greek. It currently misses polytonic greek and the \greekscript and \ensuregreek TextCommands:

    \@ifl@aded{def}{puenc}
      {\ProvideTextCommand{\greekscript}{PU}{}
       \ProvideTextCommand{\ensuregreek}{PU}[1]{#1}}
      {}

## Symbol macros for breathings

In the Latin transcription provided by LGR, breathing accents (Dasia and Psili) are input as < and >. We provide the corresponding NFSS macro accents (moved here from greek-fontenc.def).

As Xe/LuaTeX may use LGR in combination with EU1 or EU2, we define the macros twice, for LGR and Unicode font encodings (if they are defined):

    \@ifl@aded{def}{lgrenc}{
      \DeclareTextCommand{\<}{LGR}{\accdasia}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\>}{LGR}{\accpsili}
      % Composite accents starting with the new-defined shortcuts:
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{LGR}{'}{\accpsilioxia}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{LGR}{`}{\accpsilivaria}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{LGR}{~}{\accpsiliperispomeni}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{LGR}{'}{\accdasiaoxia}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{LGR}{`}{\accdasiavaria}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{LGR}{~}{\accdasiaperispomeni}
    }{}

    \@ifl@aded{def}{greek-euenc}{ % XeTeX or LuaTeX with Unicode fonts
      \DeclareTextCommand{\<}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{\accdasia}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\>}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{\accpsili}
      % Composite accents starting with the new-defined shortcuts:
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{'}{\accpsilioxia}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{`}{\accpsilivaria}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{~}{\accpsiliperispomeni}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{'}{\accdasiaoxia}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{`}{\accdasiavaria}
      \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{~}{\accdasiaperispomeni}
    }{}

## Default declarations

The following definitions ensure that the Greek LICR macros can be used anywhere in the document also with 8-bit TeX by declaring LGR as their default font encoding. Abort here, if the LGR font encoding is not defined:

    \@ifl@aded{def}{lgrenc}
      {}
    % else return:
      {\expandafter\endinput}

### greekscript, ensuregreek

The \greekscript declaration ensures the current font encoding supports the Greek script. greek-fontenc.def sets this to the empty declaration for font encodings that do so. This is currently used by lgrenc.def (LGR) and greek-euenc.def (Greek LICR macros for EU1 and EU2).

We define LGR as default encoding for Greek text. We use \ProvideTextCommandDefault to enable the author or other packages to use an alternative definition (see [fntguide]):

    \ProvideTextCommandDefault{\greekscript}{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont}

The \ensuregreek command can be used to ensure that its argument is set in a font encoding with support for Greek. Again the default is LGR:

    \ProvideTextCommandDefault{\ensuregreek}[1]{\leavevmode{\greekscript #1}}

Eventually, all font encodings supporting Greek script (e.g. LGI, PU, TU, EU1, EU2) will declare \ensuregreek as text command that passes the argument unchanged. This way, kerning and selection of precomposed glyphs would work also for cases like \ensuregreek{\'A}U.

### Greek Alphabet

Define the text* marcos as default for all font encodings:

    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textAlpha}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textBeta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textGamma}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textDelta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textEpsilon}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textZeta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textEta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textTheta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textIota}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textKappa}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textLambda}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textMu}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textNu}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textXi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textOmicron}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textPi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textRho}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textSigma}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textTau}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textUpsilon}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textPhi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textChi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textPsi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textOmega}{LGR}
    %
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textalpha}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textbeta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textgamma}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textdelta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textepsilon}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textzeta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\texteta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\texttheta}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textiota}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textkappa}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textlambda}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textmu}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textnu}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textxi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textomicron}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textrho}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textsigma}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textvarsigma}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textfinalsigma}{LGR} % alias for \textvarsigma
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textautosigma}{LGR}  % char 115 in LGR
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\texttau}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textupsilon}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textphi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textchi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpsi}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textomega}{LGR}

### Additional Greek symbols

Including alias names for compatibility with hyperref’s puenc.def.

Ancient Greek Numbers (Athenian Numerals):

    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpentedeka}{LGR}    % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpentehekaton}{LGR} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpenteqilioi}{LGR}  % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpentemurioi}{LGR}  % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND

Archaic letters:

    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textstigma}{LGR}      % ϛ
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textstigmagreek}{LGR} % ϛ (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textvarstigma}{LGR}   % stigma variant
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textkoppa}{LGR}       % ϟ (greek small letter koppa)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textkoppagreek}{LGR}  % ϟ (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textqoppa}{LGR}       % ϙ (archaic koppa)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textQoppa}{LGR}       % Ϙ (archaic Koppa)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textStigma}{LGR}      % Ϛ ϹΤ ligature in some fonts
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textStigmagreek}{LGR} % Ϛ (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textSampi}{LGR}       % Ϡ
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textSampigreek}{LGR}  % Ϡ (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textsampi}{LGR}       % ϡ
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textsampigreek}{LGR}  % ϡ (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textanoteleia}{LGR}   % ·
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\texterotimatiko}{LGR} % ; (003B is the preferred character)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textdigamma}{LGR}     % ϝ
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textDigamma}{LGR}     % Ϝ
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textdigammagreek}{LGR} % ϝ (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textDigammagreek}{LGR} % Ϝ (puenc.def)

numeral signs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_numerals

    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textnumeralsigngreek}{LGR}      % (puenc.def)
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textnumeralsignlowergreek}{LGR} % (puenc.def)

#### variant shape symbols

Mathematical notation uses variant shapes of some Greek letters as additional symbols. There are separate code points for the symbol variants in Unicode but not in the LGR font encoding used for Greek in 8-bit TeX. The variations have no syntactic meaning in Greek text.

    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textbetasymbol}{LGR}    % ϐ GREEK BETA SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textthetasymbol}{LGR}   % ϑ $\vartheta$ GREEK THETA SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textphisymbol}{LGR}     % ϕ $\phi$ GREEK PHI SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textpisymbol}{LGR}      % ϖ $\varpi$ GREEK PI SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textkappasymbol}{LGR}   % ϰ GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textrhosymbol}{LGR}     % ϱ $\varrho$ GREEK RHO SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textThetasymbol}{LGR}   % ϴ GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textepsilonsymbol}{LGR} % ϵ $\epsilon$ GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL

Define compatibility mappings if the normalize-symbols option is set:

    \iftextalpha@normalizeSymbols
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textbetasymbol}   {LGR}{\textbeta}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textthetasymbol}  {LGR}{\texttheta}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textphisymbol}    {LGR}{\textphi}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textpisymbol}     {LGR}{\textpi}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textkappasymbol}  {LGR}{\textkappa}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textrhosymbol}    {LGR}{\textrho}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textThetasymbol}  {LGR}{\textTheta}
      \DeclareTextCommand{\textepsilonsymbol}{LGR}{\textepsilon}
    \fi

### Diacritics

Greek diacritics via “named” macros:

    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdasia}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accpsili}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\acctonos}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accvaria}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accperispomeni}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdialytika}{LGR}
    %
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdasiaoxia}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdasiavaria}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdasiaperispomeni}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accpsilioxia}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accpsilivaria}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accpsiliperispomeni}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdialytikatonos}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdialytikavaria}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accdialytikaperispomeni}{LGR}

Symbol macros for the breathings:

    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\<}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\>}{LGR}

Postfix accents:

    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\ypogegrammeni}{LGR} % "small" sub-iota
    \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\prosgegrammeni}{LGR}  % "capital" sub-iota

Other accents in LGR:

    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accinvertedbrevebelow}{LGR} % INVERTED BREVE BELOW
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\textsubarch}{LGR}           % tipa, Teubner name: ut
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\accbrevebelow}{LGR}         % BREVE BELOW

### Auxiliary macros

\MakeUppercase requires three internal commands:

    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\LGR@accdropped}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\LGR@accDialytika}{LGR}
    \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\LGR@hiatus}{LGR}

### semicolon as erotimatiko

The text command \textsemicolon inserts \texterotimatiko in LGR font encoding and a “normal” semicolon else:

    \ProvideTextCommandDefault{\textsemicolon}{;}
    \ProvideTextCommand{\textsemicolon}{LGR}{\texterotimatiko}

The LGR font encoding maps “;” to a middle dot (ano teleia). With the keep-semicolon option, the semicolon is made an active character and calls \textsemicolon:

    \iftextalpha@keepSemicolon
      \catcode`;=\active
      \newcommand{;}{\textsemicolon}
    \fi