VMOD_STD(3)

NAME
vmod_std - Varnish Standard Module

SYNOPSIS

import std [from "path"] ;

CONTENTS

•   STRING toupper(STRING)

•   STRING tolower(STRING)

•   VOID set_ip_tos(INT)

•   REAL random(REAL, REAL)

•   VOID log(STRING)

•   VOID syslog(INT, STRING)

•   STRING fileread(PRIV_CALL, STRING)

•   BOOL file_exists(STRING)

•   VOID collect(HEADER, STRING)

•   DURATION duration(STRING, DURATION)

•   INT integer(STRING, INT)

•   IP ip(STRING, IP)

•   REAL real(STRING, REAL)

•   INT real2integer(REAL, INT)

•   TIME real2time(REAL, TIME)

•   INT time2integer(TIME, INT)

•   REAL time2real(TIME, REAL)

•   BOOL healthy(BACKEND)

•   INT port(IP)

•   VOID rollback(HTTP)

•   VOID timestamp(STRING)

•   STRING querysort(STRING)

•   BOOL cache_req_body(BYTES)

•   STRING strstr(STRING, STRING)

•   TIME time(STRING, TIME)

•   STRING getenv(STRING)

•   VOID late_100_continue(BOOL)

DESCRIPTION

vmod_std contains basic functions which are part and parcel of Varnish, but which for reasons of architecture fit better in a VMOD.

One particular class of functions in vmod_std is the conversions functions which all have the form:

TYPE type(STRING, TYPE)

These functions attempt to convert STRING to the TYPE, and if that fails, they return the second argument, which must have the given TYPE.

  toupper

STRING toupper(STRING s)

Description
    Converts the string s to uppercase.

Example
    set beresp.http.scream = std.toupper("yes!");

  tolower

STRING tolower(STRING s)

Description
    Converts the string s to lowercase.

Example
    set beresp.http.nice = std.tolower("VerY");

  set_ip_tos

VOID set_ip_tos(INT tos)

Description
    Sets the IP type-of-service (TOS) field for the current session to tos. Please note that the TOS field is not removed by the end of the request so probably want to set it on every request should you utilize it.

Example
    if (req.url ~ "^/slow/") {
    std.set_ip_tos(0);
    }

  random

REAL random(REAL lo, REAL hi)

Description
    Returns a random real number between lo and hi. This function uses the "testable" random generator in varnishd which enables determinstic tests to be run (See m00002.vtc). This function should not be used for cryptographic applications.

Example
    set beresp.http.random-number = std.random(1, 100);

  log

VOID log(STRING s)

Description
    Logs the string s to the shared memory log, using VSL tag SLT_VCL_Log.

Example
    std.log("Something fishy is going on with the vhost " + req.http.host);

  syslog

VOID syslog(INT priority, STRING s)

Description
    Logs the string s to syslog tagged with priority. priority is formed by ORing the facility and level values. See your system's syslog.h file for possible values.

Example
    std.syslog(9, "Something is wrong");

    This will send a message to syslog using LOG_USER | LOG_ALERT.

  fileread

STRING fileread(PRIV_CALL, STRING)

Description
    Reads a file and returns a string with the content. Please note that it is not recommended to send variables to this function the caching in the function doesn't take this into account. Also, files are not re-read.

Example
    set beresp.http.served-by = std.fileread("/etc/hostname");

  file_exists

BOOL file_exists(STRING path)

Description
    Returns true if path or the file pointed to by path exists, false otherwise.

Example
    if (std.file_exists("/etc/return_503")) {
    return (synth(503, "Varnish is in maintenance"));
    }

  collect

VOID collect(HEADER hdr, STRING sep=", ")

Description
    Collapses multiple hdr headers into one long header. The default separator sep is the standard comma separator to use when collapsing headers, with an additional whitespace for pretty printing.

    Care should be taken when collapsing headers. In particular collapsing Set-Cookie will lead to unexpected results on the browser side.

Examples
    std.collect(req.http.accept);
    std.collect(req.http.cookie, "; ");

  duration

DURATION duration(STRING s, DURATION fallback)

Description
    Converts the string s to seconds. s must be quantified with ms (milliseconds), s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days), w (weeks) or y (years) units. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    set beresp.ttl = std.duration("1w", 3600s);

  integer

INT integer(STRING s, INT fallback)

Description
    Converts the string s to an integer. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    if (std.integer(req.http.foo, 0) > 5) {
    ...
    }

  ip

IP ip(STRING s, IP fallback)

Description
    Converts the string s to the first IP number returned by the system library function getaddrinfo(3). If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    if (std.ip(req.http.X-forwarded-for, "0.0.0.0") ~ my_acl) {
    ...
    }

  real

REAL real(STRING s, REAL fallback)

Description
    Converts the string s to a real. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    if (std.real(req.http.foo, 0.0) > 5.5) {
    ...
    }

  real2integer

INT real2integer(REAL r, INT fallback)

Description
    Converts the real r to an integer. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    set req.http.integer = std.real2integer(1140618699.00, 0);

  real2time

TIME real2time(REAL r, TIME fallback)

Description
    Converts the real r to a time. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    set req.http.time = std.real2time(1140618699.00, now);

  time2integer

INT time2integer(TIME t, INT fallback)

Description
    Converts the time t to a integer. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    set req.http.int = std.time2integer(now, 0);

  time2real

REAL time2real(TIME t, REAL fallback)

Description
    Converts the time t to a real. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

Example
    set req.http.real = std.time2real(now, 1.0);

  healthy

BOOL healthy(BACKEND be)

Description
    Returns true if the backend be is healthy.

  port

INT port(IP ip)

Description
    Returns the port number of the IP address ip.

  rollback

VOID rollback(HTTP h)

Description
    Restores the h HTTP headers to their original state.

Example
    std.rollback(bereq);

  timestamp

VOID timestamp(STRING s)

Description
    Introduces a timestamp in the log with the current time, using the string s as the label. This is useful to time the execution of lengthy VCL procedures, and makes the timestamps inserted automatically by Varnish more accurate.

Example
    std.timestamp("curl-request");

  querysort

STRING querysort(STRING)

Description
    Sorts the query string for cache normalization purposes.

Example
    set req.url = std.querysort(req.url);

  cache_req_body

BOOL cache_req_body(BYTES size)

Description
    Caches the request body if it is smaller than size. Returns true if the body was cached, false otherwise.

    Normally the request body is not available after sending it to the backend. By caching it is possible to retry pass operations, e.g. POST and PUT.

Example
    if (std.cache_req_body(1KB)) {
    ...
    }

  strstr

STRING strstr(STRING s1, STRING s2)

Description
    Returns a string beginning at the first occurrence of the string s2 in the string s1, or an empty string if s2 is not found.

    Note that the comparison is case sensitive.

Example
    if (std.strstr(req.url, req.http.restrict)) {
    ...
    }

    This will check if the content of req.http.restrict occurs anywhere in req.url.

  time

TIME time(STRING s, TIME fallback)

Description
    Converts the string s to a time. If conversion fails, fallback will be returned.

    Supported formats:
    "Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT"
    "Sunday, 06-Nov-94 08:49:37 GMT"
    "Sun Nov  6 08:49:37 1994"
    "1994-11-06T08:49:37"
    "784111777.00"
    "784111777"

Example
    if (std.time(resp.http.last-modified, now) < now - 1w) {
    ...
    }

  getenv

STRING getenv(STRING name)

Description
    Return environment variable name or the empty string.

    See getenv(3)

Example
    set req.http.My-Env = std.getenv("MY_ENV");

  late_100_continue

VOID late_100_continue(BOOL late)

Description
    Controls when varnish reacts to an Expect: 100-continue client request header.

    Varnish always generates a 100 Continue response if requested by the client trough the Expect: 100-continue header when waiting for request body data.

    But, by default, the 100 Continue response is already generated immediately after vcl_recv returns to reduce latencies under the assumption that the request body will be read eventually.

    Calling std.late_100_continue(true) in vcl_recv will cause the 100 Continue response to only be sent when needed. This may cause additional latencies for processing request bodies, but is the correct behavior by strict interpretation of RFC7231.

    This function has no effect outside vcl_recv and after calling std.cache_req_body() or any other function consuming the request body.

Example
    vcl_recv {
    std.late_100_continue(true);
    if (req.method == "POST") {
    std.late_100_continue(false);
    return (pass);
    }
    ...
    }

SEE ALSO

•   varnishd(1)

•   vsl(7)

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2010-2017 Varnish Software AS
All rights reserved.
Author: Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.org>
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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