Base64

java.lang.Object
- org.owasp.esapi.codecs.Base64

```
public class Base64
extends java.lang.Object
```
Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.

Homepage: http://iharder.net/base64.

The options parameter, which appears in a few places, is used to pass several pieces of information to the encoder. In the "higher level" methods such as encodeBytes( bytes, options ) the options parameter can be used to indicate such things as first gzipping the bytes before encoding them, not inserting linefeeds (though that breaks strict Base64 compatibility), and encoding using the URL-safe and Ordered dialects.

The constants defined in Base64 can be OR-ed together to combine options, so you might make a call like this:
String encoded = Base64.encodeBytes( mybytes, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES );
to compress the data before encoding it and then making the output have no newline characters.

Change Log:
- v2.2.2 - Fixed encodeFileToFile and decodeFileToFile to use the Base64.InputStream class to encode and decode on the fly which uses less memory than encoding/decoding an entire file into memory before writing.
- v2.2.1 - Fixed bug using URL_SAFE and ORDERED encodings. Fixed bug when using very small files (~< 40 bytes).
- v2.2 - Added some helper methods for encoding/decoding directly from one file to the next. Also added a main() method to support command line encoding/decoding from one file to the next. Also added these Base64 dialects:
  1. The default is RFC3548 format.
  2. Calling Base64.setFormat(Base64.BASE64_FORMAT.URLSAFE_FORMAT) generates URL and file name friendly format as described in Section 4 of RFC3548. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html
  3. Calling Base64.setFormat(Base64.BASE64_FORMAT.ORDERED_FORMAT) generates URL and file name friendly format that preserves lexical ordering as described in http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html
  Special thanks to Jim Kellerman at http://www.powerset.com/ for contributing the new Base64 dialects.
- v2.1 - Cleaned up javadoc comments and unused variables and methods. Added some convenience methods for reading and writing to and from files.
- v2.0.2 - Now specifies UTF-8 encoding in places where the code fails on systems with other encodings (like EBCDIC).
- v2.0.1 - Fixed an error when decoding a single byte, that is, when the encoded data was a single byte.
- v2.0 - I got rid of methods that used booleans to set options. Now everything is more consolidated and cleaner. The code now detects when data that's being decoded is gzip-compressed and will decompress it automatically. Generally things are cleaner. You'll probably have to change some method calls that you were making to support the new options format (ints that you "OR" together).
- v1.5.1 - Fixed bug when decompressing and decoding to a byte[] using decode( String s, boolean gzipCompressed ). Added the ability to "suspend" encoding in the Output Stream so you can turn on and off the encoding if you need to embed base64 data in an otherwise "normal" stream (like an XML file).
- v1.5 - Output stream pases on flush() command but doesn't do anything itself. This helps when using GZIP streams. Added the ability to GZip-compress objects before encoding them.
- v1.4 - Added helper methods to read/write files.
- v1.3.6 - Fixed OutputStream.flush() so that 'position' is reset.
- v1.3.5 - Added flag to turn on and off line breaks. Fixed bug in input stream where last buffer being read, if not completely full, was not returned.
- v1.3.4 - Fixed when "improperly padded stream" error was thrown at the wrong time.
- v1.3.3 - Fixed I/O streams which were totally messed up.
I am placing this code in the Public Domain. Do with it as you will. This software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with plenty of well-wishing instead! Please visit http://iharder.net/base64 periodically to check for updates or to contribute improvements.
Version:

2.2.2

Nested Class Summary

Nested Classes
Modifier and Type	Class and Description
`static class`	`Base64.InputStream` A `Base64.InputStream` will read data from another `java.io.InputStream`, given in the constructor, and encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
`static class`	`Base64.OutputStream` A `Base64.OutputStream` will write data to another `java.io.OutputStream`, given in the constructor, and encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`private static byte[]`	`_ORDERED_ALPHABET` I don't get the point of this technique, but it is described here: http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html.
`private static byte[]`	`_ORDERED_DECODABET` Used in decoding the "ordered" dialect of Base64.
`private static byte[]`	`_STANDARD_ALPHABET` The 64 valid Base64 values.
`private static byte[]`	`_STANDARD_DECODABET` Translates a Base64 value to either its 6-bit reconstruction value or a negative number indicating some other meaning.
`private static byte[]`	`_URL_SAFE_ALPHABET` Used in the URL- and Filename-safe dialect described in Section 4 of RFC3548: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html.
`private static byte[]`	`_URL_SAFE_DECODABET` Used in decoding URL- and Filename-safe dialects of Base64.
`static int`	`DECODE` Specify decoding.
`static int`	`DONT_BREAK_LINES` Don't break lines when encoding (violates strict Base64 specification)
`static int`	`ENCODE` Specify encoding.
`private static java.lang.String`	`EOL` End of line character.
`private static byte`	`EQUALS_SIGN` The equals sign (=) as a byte.
`private static byte`	`EQUALS_SIGN_ENC`
`static int`	`GZIP` Specify that data should be gzip-compressed.
`private static Logger`	`logger`
`private static int`	`MAX_LINE_LENGTH` Maximum line length (76) of Base64 output.
`private static byte`	`NEW_LINE` The new line character (\n) as a byte.
`static int`	`NO_OPTIONS` No options specified.
`static int`	`ORDERED` Encode using the special "ordered" dialect of Base64 described here: http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html.
`private static java.lang.String`	`PREFERRED_ENCODING` Preferred encoding.
`static int`	`URL_SAFE` Encode using Base64-like encoding that is URL- and Filename-safe as described in Section 4 of RFC3548: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html.
`private static byte`	`WHITE_SPACE_ENC`

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Modifier Constructor and Description

private Base64()
Defeats instantiation.

Constructors
Modifier	Constructor and Description
`private`	`Base64()` Defeats instantiation.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static byte[]`	`decode(byte[] source, int off, int len, int options)` Very low-level access to decoding ASCII characters in the form of a byte array.
`static byte[]`	`decode(java.lang.String s)` Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
`static byte[]`	`decode(java.lang.String s, int options)` Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
`private static int`	`decode4to3(byte[] source, int srcOffset, byte[] destination, int destOffset, int options)` Decodes four bytes from array `source` and writes the resulting bytes (up to three of them) to `destination`.
`static boolean`	`decodeFileToFile(java.lang.String infile, java.lang.String outfile)` Reads `infile` and decodes it to `outfile`.
`static byte[]`	`decodeFromFile(java.lang.String filename)` Convenience method for reading a base64-encoded file and decoding it.
`static boolean`	`decodeToFile(java.lang.String dataToDecode, java.lang.String filename)` Convenience method for decoding data to a file.
`static java.lang.Object`	`decodeToObject(java.lang.String encodedObject)` Attempts to decode Base64 data and deserialize a Java Object within.
`private static byte[]`	`encode3to4(byte[] b4, byte[] threeBytes, int numSigBytes, int options)` Encodes up to the first three bytes of array `threeBytes` and returns a four-byte array in Base64 notation.
`private static byte[]`	`encode3to4(byte[] source, int srcOffset, int numSigBytes, byte[] destination, int destOffset, int options)` Encodes up to three bytes of the array `source` and writes the resulting four Base64 bytes to `destination`.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeBytes(byte[] source)` Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeBytes(byte[] source, int options)` Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len)` Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len, int options)` Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
`static boolean`	`encodeFileToFile(java.lang.String infile, java.lang.String outfile)` Reads `infile` and encodes it to `outfile`.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeFromFile(java.lang.String filename)` Convenience method for reading a binary file and base64-encoding it.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeObject(java.io.Serializable serializableObject)` Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that serialized object.
`static java.lang.String`	`encodeObject(java.io.Serializable serializableObject, int options)` Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that serialized object.
`static boolean`	`encodeToFile(byte[] dataToEncode, java.lang.String filename)` Convenience method for encoding data to a file.
`private static byte[]`	`getAlphabet(int options)` Returns one of the _SOMETHING_ALPHABET byte arrays depending on the options specified.
`private static byte[]`	`getDecodabet(int options)` Returns one of the _SOMETHING_DECODABET byte arrays depending on the options specified.
`static void`	`main(java.lang.String[] args)` Encodes or decodes two files from the command line; feel free to delete this method (in fact you probably should) if you're embedding this code into a larger program.
`private static void`	`usage(java.lang.String msg)` Prints command line usage.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - NO_OPTIONS
```
public static final int NO_OPTIONS
```
    No options specified. Value is zero.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - ENCODE
```
public static final int ENCODE
```
    Specify encoding.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - DECODE
```
public static final int DECODE
```
    Specify decoding.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - GZIP
```
public static final int GZIP
```
    Specify that data should be gzip-compressed.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - DONT_BREAK_LINES
```
public static final int DONT_BREAK_LINES
```
    Don't break lines when encoding (violates strict Base64 specification)
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - URL_SAFE
```
public static final int URL_SAFE
```
    Encode using Base64-like encoding that is URL- and Filename-safe as described in Section 4 of RFC3548: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html. It is important to note that data encoded this way is not officially valid Base64, or at the very least should not be called Base64 without also specifying that is was encoded using the URL- and Filename-safe dialect.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - ORDERED
```
public static final int ORDERED
```
    Encode using the special "ordered" dialect of Base64 described here: http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - MAX_LINE_LENGTH
```
private static final int MAX_LINE_LENGTH
```
    Maximum line length (76) of Base64 output.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - EQUALS_SIGN
```
private static final byte EQUALS_SIGN
```
    The equals sign (=) as a byte.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - NEW_LINE
```
private static final byte NEW_LINE
```
    The new line character (\n) as a byte.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - PREFERRED_ENCODING
```
private static final java.lang.String PREFERRED_ENCODING
```
    Preferred encoding.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - EOL
```
private static final java.lang.String EOL
```
    End of line character.
  - WHITE_SPACE_ENC
```
private static final byte WHITE_SPACE_ENC
```
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - EQUALS_SIGN_ENC
```
private static final byte EQUALS_SIGN_ENC
```
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - logger
```
private static final Logger logger
```
  - _STANDARD_ALPHABET
```
private static final byte[] _STANDARD_ALPHABET
```
    The 64 valid Base64 values.
  - _STANDARD_DECODABET
```
private static final byte[] _STANDARD_DECODABET
```
    Translates a Base64 value to either its 6-bit reconstruction value or a negative number indicating some other meaning.
  - _URL_SAFE_ALPHABET
```
private static final byte[] _URL_SAFE_ALPHABET
```
    Used in the URL- and Filename-safe dialect described in Section 4 of RFC3548: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html. Notice that the last two bytes become "hyphen" and "underscore" instead of "plus" and "slash."
  - _URL_SAFE_DECODABET
```
private static final byte[] _URL_SAFE_DECODABET
```
    Used in decoding URL- and Filename-safe dialects of Base64.
  - _ORDERED_ALPHABET
```
private static final byte[] _ORDERED_ALPHABET
```
    I don't get the point of this technique, but it is described here: http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html.
  - _ORDERED_DECODABET
```
private static final byte[] _ORDERED_DECODABET
```
    Used in decoding the "ordered" dialect of Base64.
- Constructor Detail
  - Base64
```
private Base64()
```
    Defeats instantiation.
- Method Detail
  - getAlphabet
```
private static final byte[] getAlphabet(int options)
```
    Returns one of the _SOMETHING_ALPHABET byte arrays depending on the options specified. It's possible, though silly, to specify ORDERED and URLSAFE in which case one of them will be picked, though there is no guarantee as to which one will be picked.
  - getDecodabet
```
private static final byte[] getDecodabet(int options)
```
    Returns one of the _SOMETHING_DECODABET byte arrays depending on the options specified. It's possible, though silly, to specify ORDERED and URL_SAFE in which case one of them will be picked, though there is no guarantee as to which one will be picked.
  - main
```
public static final void main(java.lang.String[] args)
```
    Encodes or decodes two files from the command line; feel free to delete this method (in fact you probably should) if you're embedding this code into a larger program.
    
    Parameters:
    
    args -
  - usage
```
private static final void usage(java.lang.String msg)
```
    Prints command line usage.
    
    Parameters:
    
    msg - A message to include with usage info.
  - encode3to4
```
private static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] b4,
                                 byte[] threeBytes,
                                 int numSigBytes,
                                 int options)
```
    Encodes up to the first three bytes of array threeBytes and returns a four-byte array in Base64 notation. The actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by numSigBytes. The array threeBytes needs only be as big as numSigBytes. Code can reuse a byte array by passing a four-byte array as b4.
    
    Parameters:
    
    b4 - A reusable byte array to reduce array instantiation
    
    threeBytes - the array to convert
    
    numSigBytes - the number of significant bytes in your array
    
    Returns:
    
    four byte array in Base64 notation.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5.1
  - encode3to4
```
private static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] source,
                                 int srcOffset,
                                 int numSigBytes,
                                 byte[] destination,
                                 int destOffset,
                                 int options)
```
    Encodes up to three bytes of the array source and writes the resulting four Base64 bytes to destination. The source and destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by specifying srcOffset and destOffset. This method does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate srcOffset + 3 for the source array or destOffset + 4 for the destination array. The actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by numSigBytes.
    
    This is the lowest level of the encoding methods with all possible parameters.
    
    Parameters:
    
    source - the array to convert
    
    srcOffset - the index where conversion begins
    
    numSigBytes - the number of significant bytes in your array
    
    destination - the array to hold the conversion
    
    destOffset - the index where output will be put
    
    Returns:
    
    the destination array
    
    Since:
    
    1.3
  - encodeObject
```
public static java.lang.String encodeObject(java.io.Serializable serializableObject)
```
    Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that serialized object. If the object cannot be serialized or there is another error, the method will return null. The object is not GZip-compressed before being encoded.
    
    Parameters:
    
    serializableObject - The object to encode
    
    Returns:
    
    The Base64-encoded object
    
    Since:
    
    1.4
  - encodeObject
```
public static java.lang.String encodeObject(java.io.Serializable serializableObject,
                                            int options)
```
    Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that serialized object. If the object cannot be serialized or there is another error, the method will return null.
    Valid options:
```
   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.
 
```
    Example: encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP ) or
    Example: encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )
    Parameters:
    
    serializableObject - The object to encode
    
    options - Specified options
    
    Returns:
    
    The Base64-encoded object
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    GZIP, DONT_BREAK_LINES
  - encodeBytes
```
public static java.lang.String encodeBytes(byte[] source)
```
    Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data.
    
    Parameters:
    
    source - The data to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    The Base64-encoded resulting string
    
    Since:
    
    1.4
  - encodeBytes
```
public static java.lang.String encodeBytes(byte[] source,
                                           int options)
```
    Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
    Valid options:
```
   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.
 
```
    Example: encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP ) or
    Example: encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )
    Parameters:
    
    source - The data to convert
    
    options - Specified options
    
    Returns:
    
    The Base64-encoded resulting string
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    GZIP, DONT_BREAK_LINES
  - encodeBytes
```
public static java.lang.String encodeBytes(byte[] source,
                                           int off,
                                           int len)
```
    Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data.
    
    Parameters:
    
    source - The data to convert
    
    off - Offset in array where conversion should begin
    
    len - Length of data to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    The Base64-encoded resulting string
    
    Since:
    
    1.4
  - encodeBytes
```
public static java.lang.String encodeBytes(byte[] source,
                                           int off,
                                           int len,
                                           int options)
```
    Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
    Valid options:
```
   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.
 
```
    Example: encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP ) or
    Example: encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )
    Parameters:
    
    source - The data to convert
    
    off - Offset in array where conversion should begin
    
    len - Length of data to convert
    
    options - alphabet type is pulled from this (standard, url-safe, ordered)
    
    Returns:
    
    The Base64-encoded resulting string
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    GZIP, DONT_BREAK_LINES
  - decode4to3
```
private static int decode4to3(byte[] source,
                              int srcOffset,
                              byte[] destination,
                              int destOffset,
                              int options)
```
    Decodes four bytes from array source and writes the resulting bytes (up to three of them) to destination. The source and destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by specifying srcOffset and destOffset. This method does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate srcOffset + 4 for the source array or destOffset + 3 for the destination array. This method returns the actual number of bytes that were converted from the Base64 encoding.
    This is the lowest level of the decoding methods with all possible parameters.
    
    Parameters:
    
    source - the array to convert
    
    srcOffset - the index where conversion begins
    
    destination - the array to hold the conversion
    
    destOffset - the index where output will be put
    
    options - alphabet type is pulled from this (standard, url-safe, ordered)
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of decoded bytes converted
    
    Since:
    
    1.3
  - decode
```
public static byte[] decode(byte[] source,
                            int off,
                            int len,
                            int options)
```
    Very low-level access to decoding ASCII characters in the form of a byte array. Does not support automatically gunzipping or any other "fancy" features.
    
    Parameters:
    
    source - The Base64 encoded data
    
    off - The offset of where to begin decoding
    
    len - The length of characters to decode
    
    options -
    
    Returns:
    
    decoded data
    
    Since:
    
    1.3
  - decode
```
public static byte[] decode(java.lang.String s)
```
    Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the string to decode
    
    Returns:
    
    the decoded data
    
    Since:
    
    1.4
  - decode
```
public static byte[] decode(java.lang.String s,
                            int options)
```
    Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the string to decode
    
    options - encode options such as URL_SAFE
    
    Returns:
    
    the decoded data
    
    Since:
    
    1.4
  - decodeToObject
```
public static java.lang.Object decodeToObject(java.lang.String encodedObject)
```
    Attempts to decode Base64 data and deserialize a Java Object within. Returns null if there was an error.
    
    Parameters:
    
    encodedObject - The Base64 data to decode
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded and deserialized object
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - encodeToFile
```
public static boolean encodeToFile(byte[] dataToEncode,
                                   java.lang.String filename)
```
    Convenience method for encoding data to a file.
    
    Parameters:
    
    dataToEncode - byte array of data to encode in base64 form
    
    filename - Filename for saving encoded data
    
    Returns:
    
    true if successful, false otherwise
    
    Since:
    
    2.1
  - decodeToFile
```
public static boolean decodeToFile(java.lang.String dataToDecode,
                                   java.lang.String filename)
```
    Convenience method for decoding data to a file.
    
    Parameters:
    
    dataToDecode - Base64-encoded data as a string
    
    filename - Filename for saving decoded data
    
    Returns:
    
    true if successful, false otherwise
    
    Since:
    
    2.1
  - decodeFromFile
```
public static byte[] decodeFromFile(java.lang.String filename)
```
    Convenience method for reading a base64-encoded file and decoding it.
    
    Parameters:
    
    filename - Filename for reading encoded data
    
    Returns:
    
    decoded byte array or null if unsuccessful
    
    Since:
    
    2.1
  - encodeFromFile
```
public static java.lang.String encodeFromFile(java.lang.String filename)
```
    Convenience method for reading a binary file and base64-encoding it.
    
    Parameters:
    
    filename - Filename for reading binary data
    
    Returns:
    
    base64-encoded string or null if unsuccessful
    
    Since:
    
    2.1
  - encodeFileToFile
```
public static boolean encodeFileToFile(java.lang.String infile,
                                       java.lang.String outfile)
```
    Reads infile and encodes it to outfile.
    
    Parameters:
    
    infile - Input file
    
    outfile - Output file
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the operation is successful
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - decodeFileToFile
```
public static boolean decodeFileToFile(java.lang.String infile,
                                       java.lang.String outfile)
```
    Reads infile and decodes it to outfile.
    
    Parameters:
    
    infile - Input file
    
    outfile - Output file
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the operation is successful
    
    Since:
    
    2.2

Class Base64

Nested Class Summary

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

NO_OPTIONS

ENCODE

DECODE

GZIP

DONT_BREAK_LINES

URL_SAFE

ORDERED

MAX_LINE_LENGTH

EQUALS_SIGN

NEW_LINE

PREFERRED_ENCODING

EOL

WHITE_SPACE_ENC

EQUALS_SIGN_ENC

logger

_STANDARD_ALPHABET

_STANDARD_DECODABET

_URL_SAFE_ALPHABET

_URL_SAFE_DECODABET

_ORDERED_ALPHABET

_ORDERED_DECODABET

Constructor Detail

Base64

Method Detail

getAlphabet

getDecodabet

main

usage

encode3to4

encode3to4

encodeObject

encodeObject

encodeBytes

encodeBytes

encodeBytes

encodeBytes

decode4to3

decode

decode

decode

decodeToObject

encodeToFile

decodeToFile

decodeFromFile

encodeFromFile

encodeFileToFile

decodeFileToFile