# RE2 regular expression syntax reference

This page lists the regular expression syntax accepted by RE2.
It also lists syntax accepted by PCRE, PERL, and VIM.
Grayed out expressions are not supported by RE2.
Single characters:
`.` | any character, possibly including newline (s=true)
`[xyz]` | character class
`[^xyz]` | negated character class
`\d` | Perl character class
`\D` | negated Perl character class
`[[:alpha:]]` | ASCII character class
`[[:^alpha:]]` | negated ASCII character class
`\pN` | Unicode character class (one-letter name)
`\p{Greek}` | Unicode character class
`\PN` | negated Unicode character class (one-letter name)
`\P{Greek}` | negated Unicode character class
Composites:
`xy` | `x` followed by `y`
`x|y` | `x` or `y` (prefer `x`)
Repetitions:
`x*` | zero or more `x`, prefer more
`x+` | one or more `x`, prefer more
`x?` | zero or one `x`, prefer one
`x{n,m}` | `n` or `n`+1 or ... or `m` `x`, prefer more
`x{n,}` | `n` or more `x`, prefer more
`x{n}` | exactly `n` `x`
`x*?` | zero or more `x`, prefer fewer
`x+?` | one or more `x`, prefer fewer
`x??` | zero or one `x`, prefer zero
`x{n,m}?` | `n` or `n`+1 or ... or `m` `x`, prefer fewer
`x{n,}?` | `n` or more `x`, prefer fewer
`x{n}?` | exactly `n` `x`
`x{}` | (≡ `x*`) VIM
`x{-}` | (≡ `x*?`) VIM
`x{-n}` | (≡ `x{n}?`) VIM
`x=` | (≡ `x?`) VIM
Possessive repetitions:
`x*+` | zero or more `x`, possessive
`x++` | one or more `x`, possessive
`x?+` | zero or one `x`, possessive
`x{n,m}+` | `n` or ... or `m` `x`, possessive
`x{n,}+` | `n` or more `x`, possessive
`x{n}+` | exactly `n` `x`, possessive
Grouping:
`(re)` | numbered capturing group
`(?P<name>re)` | named & numbered capturing group
`(?<name>re)` | named & numbered capturing group
`(?'name're)` | named & numbered capturing group
`(?:re)` | non-capturing group
`(?flags)` | set flags within current group; non-capturing
`(?flags:re)` | set flags during re; non-capturing
`(?#text)` | comment
`(?|x|y|z)` | branch numbering reset
`(?>re)` | possessive match of `re`
`re@>` | possessive match of `re` VIM
`%(re)` | non-capturing group VIM
Flags:
`i` | case-insensitive (default false)
`m` | multi-line mode: `^` and `$` match begin/end line in addition to begin/end text (default false)
`s` | let `.` match `\n` (default false)
`U` | ungreedy: swap meaning of `x*` and `x*?`, `x+` and `x+?`, etc (default false)
Flag syntax is `xyz` (set) or `-xyz` (clear) or `xy-z` (set `xy`, clear `z`).
Empty strings:
`^` | at beginning of text or line (`m`=true)
`$` | at end of text (like `\z` not `\Z`) or line (`m`=true)
`\A` | at beginning of text
`\b` | at word boundary (`\w` on one side and `\W`, `\A`, or `\z` on the other)
`\B` | not a word boundary
`\G` | at beginning of subtext being searched PCRE
`\G` | at end of last match PERL
`\Z` | at end of text, or before newline at end of text
`\z` | at end of text
`(?=re)` | before text matching `re`
`(?!re)` | before text not matching `re`
`(?<=re)` | after text matching `re`
`(?<!re)` | after text not matching `re`
`re&` | before text matching `re` VIM
`re@=` | before text matching `re` VIM
`re@!` | before text not matching `re` VIM
`re@<=` | after text matching `re` VIM
`re@<!` | after text not matching `re` VIM
`\zs` | sets start of match (= \K) VIM
`\ze` | sets end of match VIM
`\%^` | beginning of file VIM
`\%$` | end of file VIM
`\%V` | on screen VIM
`\%#` | cursor position VIM
`\%'m` | mark `m` position VIM
`\%23l` | in line 23 VIM
`\%23c` | in column 23 VIM
`\%23v` | in virtual column 23 VIM
Escape sequences:
`\a` | bell (≡ `\007`)
`\f` | form feed (≡ `\014`)
`\t` | horizontal tab (≡ `\011`)
`\n` | newline (≡ `\012`)
`\r` | carriage return (≡ `\015`)
`\v` | vertical tab character (≡ `\013`)
`\*` | literal `*`, for any punctuation character `*`
`\123` | octal character code (up to three digits)
`\x7F` | hex character code (exactly two digits)
`\x{10FFFF}` | hex character code
`\C` | match a single byte even in UTF-8 mode
`\Q...\E` | literal text `...` even if `...` has punctuation
`\1` | backreference
`\b` | backspace (use `\010`)
`\cK` | control char ^K (use `\001` etc)
`\e` | escape (use `\033`)
`\g1` | backreference
`\g{1}` | backreference
`\g{+1}` | backreference
`\g{-1}` | backreference
`\g{name}` | named backreference
`\g<name>` | subroutine call
`\g'name'` | subroutine call
`\k<name>` | named backreference
`\k'name'` | named backreference
`\lX` | lowercase `X`
`\ux` | uppercase `x`
`\L...\E` | lowercase text `...`
`\K` | reset beginning of `$0`
`\N{name}` | named Unicode character
`\R` | line break
`\U...\E` | upper case text `...`
`\X` | extended Unicode sequence
`\%d123` | decimal character 123 VIM
`\%xFF` | hex character FF VIM
`\%o123` | octal character 123 VIM
`\%u1234` | Unicode character 0x1234 VIM
`\%U12345678` | Unicode character 0x12345678 VIM
Character class elements:
`x` | single character
`A-Z` | character range (inclusive)
`\d` | Perl character class
`[:foo:]` | ASCII character class `foo`
`\p{Foo}` | Unicode character class `Foo`
`\pF` | Unicode character class `F` (one-letter name)
Named character classes as character class elements:
`[\d]` | digits (≡ `\d`)
`[^\d]` | not digits (≡ `\D`)
`[\D]` | not digits (≡ `\D`)
`[^\D]` | not not digits (≡ `\d`)
`[[:name:]]` | named ASCII class inside character class (≡ `[:name:]`)
`[^[:name:]]` | named ASCII class inside negated character class (≡ `[:^name:]`)
`[\p{Name}]` | named Unicode property inside character class (≡ `\p{Name}`)
`[^\p{Name}]` | named Unicode property inside negated character class (≡ `\P{Name}`)
Perl character classes:
`\d` | digits (≡ `[0-9]`)
`\D` | not digits (≡ `[^0-9]`)
`\s` | whitespace (≡ `[\t\n\f\r ]`)
`\S` | not whitespace (≡ `[^\t\n\f\r ]`)
`\w` | word characters (≡ `[0-9A-Za-z_]`)
`\W` | not word characters (≡ `[^0-9A-Za-z_]`)
`\h` | horizontal space
`\H` | not horizontal space
`\v` | vertical space
`\V` | not vertical space
ASCII character classes:
`[[:alnum:]]` | alphanumeric (≡ `[0-9A-Za-z]`)
`[[:alpha:]]` | alphabetic (≡ `[A-Za-z]`)
`[[:ascii:]]` | ASCII (≡ `[\x00-\x7F]`)
`[[:blank:]]` | blank (≡ `[\t ]`)
`[[:cntrl:]]` | control (≡ `[\x00-\x1F\x7F]`)
`[[:digit:]]` | digits (≡ `[0-9]`)
`[[:graph:]]` | graphical (≡ `[!-~] == [A-Za-z0-9!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~]`)
`[[:lower:]]` | lower case (≡ `[a-z]`)
`[[:print:]]` | printable (≡ `[ -~] == [ [:graph:]]`)
`[[:punct:]]` | punctuation (≡ `[!-/:-@[-`{-~]`)
`[[:space:]]` | whitespace (≡ `[\t\n\v\f\r ]`)
`[[:upper:]]` | upper case (≡ `[A-Z]`)
`[[:word:]]` | word characters (≡ `[0-9A-Za-z_]`)
`[[:xdigit:]]` | hex digit (≡ `[0-9A-Fa-f]`)
Unicode character class names--general category:
`C` | other
`Cc` | control
`Cf` | format
`Cn` | unassigned code points
`Co` | private use
`Cs` | surrogate
`L` | letter
`LC` | cased letter
`L&` | cased letter
`Ll` | lowercase letter
`Lm` | modifier letter
`Lo` | other letter
`Lt` | titlecase letter
`Lu` | uppercase letter
`M` | mark
`Mc` | spacing mark
`Me` | enclosing mark
`Mn` | non-spacing mark
`N` | number
`Nd` | decimal number
`Nl` | letter number
`No` | other number
`P` | punctuation
`Pc` | connector punctuation
`Pd` | dash punctuation
`Pe` | close punctuation
`Pf` | final punctuation
`Pi` | initial punctuation
`Po` | other punctuation
`Ps` | open punctuation
`S` | symbol
`Sc` | currency symbol
`Sk` | modifier symbol
`Sm` | math symbol
`So` | other symbol
`Z` | separator
`Zl` | line separator
`Zp` | paragraph separator
`Zs` | space separator
Unicode character class names--scripts:
`Arabic` | Arabic
`Armenian` | Armenian
`Balinese` | Balinese
`Bamum` | Bamum
`Batak` | Batak
`Bengali` | Bengali
`Bopomofo` | Bopomofo
`Brahmi` | Brahmi
`Braille` | Braille
`Buginese` | Buginese
`Buhid` | Buhid
`Canadian_Aboriginal` | Canadian Aboriginal
`Carian` | Carian
`Chakma` | Chakma
`Cham` | Cham
`Cherokee` | Cherokee
`Common` | characters not specific to one script
`Coptic` | Coptic
`Cuneiform` | Cuneiform
`Cypriot` | Cypriot
`Cyrillic` | Cyrillic
`Deseret` | Deseret
`Devanagari` | Devanagari
`Egyptian_Hieroglyphs` | Egyptian Hieroglyphs
`Ethiopic` | Ethiopic
`Georgian` | Georgian
`Glagolitic` | Glagolitic
`Gothic` | Gothic
`Greek` | Greek
`Gujarati` | Gujarati
`Gurmukhi` | Gurmukhi
`Han` | Han
`Hangul` | Hangul
`Hanunoo` | Hanunoo
`Hebrew` | Hebrew
`Hiragana` | Hiragana
`Imperial_Aramaic` | Imperial Aramaic
`Inherited` | inherit script from previous character
`Inscriptional_Pahlavi` | Inscriptional Pahlavi
`Inscriptional_Parthian` | Inscriptional Parthian
`Javanese` | Javanese
`Kaithi` | Kaithi
`Kannada` | Kannada
`Katakana` | Katakana
`Kayah_Li` | Kayah Li
`Kharoshthi` | Kharoshthi
`Khmer` | Khmer
`Lao` | Lao
`Latin` | Latin
`Lepcha` | Lepcha
`Limbu` | Limbu
`Linear_B` | Linear B
`Lycian` | Lycian
`Lydian` | Lydian
`Malayalam` | Malayalam
`Mandaic` | Mandaic
`Meetei_Mayek` | Meetei Mayek
`Meroitic_Cursive` | Meroitic Cursive
`Meroitic_Hieroglyphs` | Meroitic Hieroglyphs
`Miao` | Miao
`Mongolian` | Mongolian
`Myanmar` | Myanmar
`New_Tai_Lue` | New Tai Lue (aka Simplified Tai Lue)
`Nko` | Nko
`Ogham` | Ogham
`Ol_Chiki` | Ol Chiki
`Old_Italic` | Old Italic
`Old_Persian` | Old Persian
`Old_South_Arabian` | Old South Arabian
`Old_Turkic` | Old Turkic
`Oriya` | Oriya
`Osmanya` | Osmanya
`Phags_Pa` | 'Phags Pa
`Phoenician` | Phoenician
`Rejang` | Rejang
`Runic` | Runic
`Saurashtra` | Saurashtra
`Sharada` | Sharada
`Shavian` | Shavian
`Sinhala` | Sinhala
`Sora_Sompeng` | Sora Sompeng
`Sundanese` | Sundanese
`Syloti_Nagri` | Syloti Nagri
`Syriac` | Syriac
`Tagalog` | Tagalog
`Tagbanwa` | Tagbanwa
`Tai_Le` | Tai Le
`Tai_Tham` | Tai Tham
`Tai_Viet` | Tai Viet
`Takri` | Takri
`Tamil` | Tamil
`Telugu` | Telugu
`Thaana` | Thaana
`Thai` | Thai
`Tibetan` | Tibetan
`Tifinagh` | Tifinagh
`Ugaritic` | Ugaritic
`Vai` | Vai
`Yi` | Yi
Vim character classes:
`\i` | identifier character VIM
`\I` | `\i` except digits VIM
`\k` | keyword character VIM
`\K` | `\k` except digits VIM
`\f` | file name character VIM
`\F` | `\f` except digits VIM
`\p` | printable character VIM
`\P` | `\p` except digits VIM
`\s` | whitespace character (≡ `[ \t]`) VIM
`\S` | non-white space character (≡ `[^ \t]`) VIM
`\d` | digits (≡ `[0-9]`) VIM
`\D` | not `\d` VIM
`\x` | hex digits (≡ `[0-9A-Fa-f]`) VIM
`\X` | not `\x` VIM
`\o` | octal digits (≡ `[0-7]`) VIM
`\O` | not `\o` VIM
`\w` | word character VIM
`\W` | not `\w` VIM
`\h` | head of word character VIM
`\H` | not `\h` VIM
`\a` | alphabetic VIM
`\A` | not `\a` VIM
`\l` | lowercase VIM
`\L` | not lowercase VIM
`\u` | uppercase VIM
`\U` | not uppercase VIM
`\_x` | `\x` plus newline, for any `x` VIM
Vim flags:
`\c` | ignore case VIM
`\C` | match case VIM
`\m` | magic VIM
`\M` | nomagic VIM
`\v` | verymagic VIM
`\V` | verynomagic VIM
`\Z` | ignore differences in Unicode combining characters VIM
Magic:
`(?{code})` | arbitrary Perl code PERL
`(??{code})` | postponed arbitrary Perl code PERL
`(?n)` | recursive call to regexp capturing group `n`
`(?+n)` | recursive call to relative group `+n`
`(?-n)` | recursive call to relative group `-n`
`(?C)` | PCRE callout PCRE
`(?R)` | recursive call to entire regexp (≡ `(?0)`)
`(?&name)` | recursive call to named group
`(?P=name)` | named backreference
`(?P>name)` | recursive call to named group
`(?(cond)true|false)` | conditional branch
`(?(cond)true)` | conditional branch
`(*ACCEPT)` | make regexps more like Prolog
`(*COMMIT)` |
`(*F)` |
`(*FAIL)` |
`(*MARK)` |
`(*PRUNE)` |
`(*SKIP)` |
`(*THEN)` |
`(*ANY)` | set newline convention
`(*ANYCRLF)` |
`(*CR)` |
`(*CRLF)` |
`(*LF)` |
`(*BSR_ANYCRLF)` | set \R convention PCRE
`(*BSR_UNICODE)` | PCRE