/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkBayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter_h
#define itkBayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter_h

#include "itkVectorImage.h"
#include "itkVectorContainer.h"
#include "itkImageToImageFilter.h"
#include "itkImageRegionIterator.h"
#include "itkMembershipFunctionBase.h"

namespace itk
{
/**
 * \class BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter
 *
 * \brief This filter is intended to be used as a helper class to
 * initialize the BayesianClassifierImageFilter.
 *
 * \par
 * The goal of this filter is to generate a membership image that indicates
 * the membership of each pixel to each class. These membership images are fed
 * as input to the Bayesian classifier filter.
 *
 * \par Parameters
 * Number of classes: This defines the number of classes, which will determine
 * the number of membership images that will be generated. The user must specify
 * this.
 *
 * \par
 * Membership functions: The user can optionally plugin in any membership function.
 * The number of membership functions plugged in should be the
 * same as the number of classes. If the user does not supply membership
 * functions, the filter will generate membership functions for you. These
 * functions are Gaussian density functions centered around 'n' pixel intensity
 * values, \f$ I_k \f$. These 'n' values are obtained by running K-means on the
 * image. In other words, the default behaviour of the filter is to generate
 * Gaussian mixture model for the input image.
 *
 * \par Inputs and Outputs
 * The filter takes a scalar Image as input and generates a VectorImage, each
 * component \f$ c \f$ of which represents memberships of each pixel to the
 * class \f$ c \f$.
 *
 * \par Template parameters
 * This filter is templated over the input image type and the data type used
 * to represent the probabilities (defaults to float).
 *
 * \author John Melonakos, Georgia Tech
 *
 * \note
 * This work is part of the National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
 * (NAMIC), funded by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap
 * for Medical Research, Grant U54 EB005149.
 *
 * \sa BayesianClassifierImageFilter
 * \sa VectorImage
 * \ingroup ClassificationFilters
 * \ingroup ITKClassifiers
 */
template <typename TInputImage, typename TProbabilityPrecisionType = float>
class ITK_TEMPLATE_EXPORT BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter
  : public ImageToImageFilter<TInputImage, VectorImage<TProbabilityPrecisionType, TInputImage::ImageDimension>>
{
public:
  ITK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_MOVE(BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter);

  /** Standard class type aliases. */
  using Self = BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter;
  using InputImageType = TInputImage;
  using ProbabilityPrecisionType = TProbabilityPrecisionType;

  /** Dimension of the input image */
  static constexpr unsigned int Dimension = InputImageType::ImageDimension;

  using OutputImageType = VectorImage<ProbabilityPrecisionType, Self::Dimension>;
  using Superclass = ImageToImageFilter<InputImageType, OutputImageType>;
  using Pointer = SmartPointer<Self>;
  using ConstPointer = SmartPointer<const Self>;

  /** Method for creation through the object factory. */
  itkNewMacro(Self);

  /** \see LightObject::GetNameOfClass() */
  itkOverrideGetNameOfClassMacro(BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter);

  /** Input image iterators */
  using InputImageIteratorType = ImageRegionConstIterator<InputImageType>;

  /** Pixel types. */
  using InputPixelType = typename InputImageType::PixelType;
  using OutputPixelType = typename OutputImageType::PixelType;

  /** Image Type and Pixel type for the images representing the membership of a
   *  pixel to a particular class. This image has arrays as pixels, the number of
   *  elements in the array is the same as the number of classes to be used.    */
  using MembershipImageType = VectorImage<ProbabilityPrecisionType, Self::Dimension>;
  using MembershipPixelType = typename MembershipImageType::PixelType;
  using MembershipImagePointer = typename MembershipImageType::Pointer;
  using MembershipImageIteratorType = ImageRegionIterator<MembershipImageType>;

  /** Type of the Measurement */
  using MeasurementVectorType = Vector<InputPixelType, 1>;

  /** Type of the density functions */
  using MembershipFunctionType = Statistics::MembershipFunctionBase<MeasurementVectorType>;
  using MembershipFunctionPointer = typename MembershipFunctionType::Pointer;

  /** Membership function container */
  using MembershipFunctionContainerType = VectorContainer<unsigned int, MembershipFunctionPointer>;
  using MembershipFunctionContainerPointer = typename MembershipFunctionContainerType::Pointer;

  /** Method to set/get the density functions. Here you can set a vector
   * container of density functions. If no density functions are specified,
   * the filter will create ones for you. These default density functions
   * are Gaussian density functions centered around the K-means of the
   * input image.  */
  virtual void
  SetMembershipFunctions(MembershipFunctionContainerType * membershipFunction);
  itkGetModifiableObjectMacro(MembershipFunctionContainer, MembershipFunctionContainerType);

  /** Set/Get methods for the number of classes. The user must supply this. */
  itkSetMacro(NumberOfClasses, unsigned int);
  itkGetConstMacro(NumberOfClasses, unsigned int);

  void
  GenerateOutputInformation() override;

#ifdef ITK_USE_CONCEPT_CHECKING
  // Begin concept checking
  itkConceptMacro(InputMultiplyOperatorCheck, (Concept::MultiplyOperator<InputPixelType>));
  itkConceptMacro(DoubleConvertibleToProbabilityCheck, (Concept::Convertible<double, TProbabilityPrecisionType>));
  itkConceptMacro(InputHasNumericTraitsCheck, (Concept::HasNumericTraits<InputPixelType>));
  itkConceptMacro(ProbabilityHasNumericTraitsCheck, (Concept::HasNumericTraits<TProbabilityPrecisionType>));
  itkConceptMacro(DoublePlusInputCheck, (Concept::AdditiveOperators<double, InputPixelType>));
  // End concept checking
#endif

protected:
  BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter();
  ~BayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter() override = default;
  void
  PrintSelf(std::ostream & os, Indent indent) const override;

  /** Initialize the membership functions. This will be called only if the membership
   * function hasn't already been set. This method initializes membership functions
   * using Gaussian density functions centered around the means computed using
   * Kmeans.
   */
  virtual void
  InitializeMembershipFunctions();

  /** Here is where the prior and membership probability vector images are
    created.*/
  void
  GenerateData() override;

private:
  bool         m_UserSuppliesMembershipFunctions{ false };
  unsigned int m_NumberOfClasses{ 0 };

  typename MembershipFunctionContainerType::Pointer m_MembershipFunctionContainer{};
};
} // end namespace itk

#ifndef ITK_MANUAL_INSTANTIATION
#  include "itkBayesianClassifierInitializationImageFilter.hxx"
#endif

#endif
