
{-# LANGUAGE ConstraintKinds  #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes       #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards  #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections    #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies     #-}

{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wno-incomplete-uni-patterns   #-}

{-
(c) The University of Glasgow 2006
(c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998

-}

-- | Typecheck some @Matches@
module GHC.Tc.Gen.Match
   ( tcMatchesFun
   , tcGRHS
   , tcGRHSsPat
   , tcMatchesCase
   , tcMatchLambda
   , TcMatchCtxt(..)
   , TcStmtChecker
   , TcExprStmtChecker
   , TcCmdStmtChecker
   , tcStmts
   , tcStmtsAndThen
   , tcDoStmts
   , tcBody
   , tcDoStmt
   , tcGuardStmt
   , checkArgCounts
   )
where

import GHC.Prelude

import {-# SOURCE #-}   GHC.Tc.Gen.Expr( tcSyntaxOp, tcInferRho, tcInferRhoNC
                                       , tcMonoExpr, tcMonoExprNC, tcExpr
                                       , tcCheckMonoExpr, tcCheckMonoExprNC
                                       , tcCheckPolyExpr )

import GHC.Rename.Utils ( bindLocalNames, isIrrefutableHsPatRn )
import GHC.Tc.Errors.Types
import GHC.Tc.Utils.Monad
import GHC.Tc.Utils.Env
import GHC.Tc.Gen.Pat
import GHC.Tc.Gen.Head( tcCheckId )
import GHC.Tc.Utils.TcMType
import GHC.Tc.Utils.TcType
import GHC.Tc.Gen.Bind
import GHC.Tc.Utils.Concrete ( hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic )
import GHC.Tc.Utils.Unify
import GHC.Tc.Types.Origin
import GHC.Tc.Types.Evidence

import GHC.Core.Multiplicity
import GHC.Core.UsageEnv
import GHC.Core.TyCon
-- Create chunkified tuple tybes for monad comprehensions
import GHC.Core.Make

import GHC.Hs

import GHC.Builtin.Types
import GHC.Builtin.Types.Prim

import GHC.Utils.Outputable
import GHC.Utils.Panic
import GHC.Utils.Misc
import GHC.Driver.DynFlags ( getDynFlags )

import GHC.Types.Fixity (LexicalFixity(..))
import GHC.Types.Name
import GHC.Types.Id
import GHC.Types.SrcLoc

import Control.Monad
import Control.Arrow ( second )
import qualified Data.List.NonEmpty as NE

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{tcMatchesFun, tcMatchesCase}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

@tcMatchesFun@ typechecks a @[Match]@ list which occurs in a
@FunMonoBind@.  The second argument is the name of the function, which
is used in error messages.  It checks that all the equations have the
same number of arguments before using @tcMatches@ to do the work.
-}

tcMatchesFun :: LocatedN Name -- MatchContext Id
             -> MatchGroup GhcRn (LHsExpr GhcRn)
             -> ExpRhoType    -- Expected type of function
             -> TcM (HsWrapper, MatchGroup GhcTc (LHsExpr GhcTc))
                                -- Returns type of body
tcMatchesFun fun_name matches exp_ty
  = do  {  -- Check that they all have the same no of arguments
           -- Location is in the monad, set the caller so that
           -- any inter-equation error messages get some vaguely
           -- sensible location.        Note: we have to do this odd
           -- ann-grabbing, because we don't always have annotations in
           -- hand when we call tcMatchesFun...
          traceTc "tcMatchesFun" (ppr fun_name $$ ppr exp_ty)
        ; checkArgCounts what matches

        ; matchExpectedFunTys herald ctxt arity exp_ty $ \ pat_tys rhs_ty ->
             -- NB: exp_type may be polymorphic, but
             --     matchExpectedFunTys can cope with that
          tcScalingUsage ManyTy $
          -- toplevel bindings and let bindings are, at the
          -- moment, always unrestricted. The value being bound
          -- must, accordingly, be unrestricted. Hence them
          -- being scaled by Many. When let binders come with a
          -- multiplicity, then @tcMatchesFun@ will have to take
          -- a multiplicity argument, and scale accordingly.
          tcMatches match_ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty matches }
  where
    arity  = matchGroupArity matches
    herald = ExpectedFunTyMatches (NameThing (unLoc fun_name)) matches
    ctxt   = GenSigCtxt  -- Was: FunSigCtxt fun_name True
                         -- But that's wrong for f :: Int -> forall a. blah
    what   = FunRhs { mc_fun = fun_name, mc_fixity = Prefix, mc_strictness = strictness }
    match_ctxt = MC { mc_what = what, mc_body = tcBody }
    strictness
      | [L _ match] <- unLoc $ mg_alts matches
      , FunRhs{ mc_strictness = SrcStrict } <- m_ctxt match
      = SrcStrict
      | otherwise
      = NoSrcStrict

{-
@tcMatchesCase@ doesn't do the argument-count check because the
parser guarantees that each equation has exactly one argument.
-}

tcMatchesCase :: (AnnoBody body) =>
                TcMatchCtxt body      -- ^ Case context
             -> Scaled TcSigmaTypeFRR -- ^ Type of scrutinee
             -> MatchGroup GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn)) -- ^ The case alternatives
             -> ExpRhoType                               -- ^ Type of the whole case expression
             -> TcM (MatchGroup GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)))
                -- Translated alternatives
                -- wrapper goes from MatchGroup's ty to expected ty

tcMatchesCase ctxt (Scaled scrut_mult scrut_ty) matches res_ty
  = tcMatches ctxt [Scaled scrut_mult (mkCheckExpType scrut_ty)] res_ty matches

tcMatchLambda :: ExpectedFunTyOrigin -- see Note [Herald for matchExpectedFunTys] in GHC.Tc.Utils.Unify
              -> TcMatchCtxt HsExpr
              -> MatchGroup GhcRn (LHsExpr GhcRn)
              -> ExpRhoType
              -> TcM (HsWrapper, MatchGroup GhcTc (LHsExpr GhcTc))
tcMatchLambda herald match_ctxt match res_ty
  =  do { checkArgCounts (mc_what match_ctxt) match
        ; matchExpectedFunTys herald GenSigCtxt n_pats res_ty $ \ pat_tys rhs_ty -> do
            -- checking argument counts since this is also used for \cases
            tcMatches match_ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty match }
  where
    n_pats | isEmptyMatchGroup match = 1   -- must be lambda-case
           | otherwise               = matchGroupArity match

-- @tcGRHSsPat@ typechecks @[GRHSs]@ that occur in a @PatMonoBind@.

tcGRHSsPat :: GRHSs GhcRn (LHsExpr GhcRn) -> ExpRhoType
           -> TcM (GRHSs GhcTc (LHsExpr GhcTc))
-- Used for pattern bindings
tcGRHSsPat grhss res_ty
  = tcScalingUsage ManyTy $
      -- Like in tcMatchesFun, this scaling happens because all
      -- let bindings are unrestricted. A difference, here, is
      -- that when this is not the case, any more, we will have to
      -- make sure that the pattern is strict, otherwise this will
      -- desugar to incorrect code.
    tcGRHSs match_ctxt grhss res_ty
  where
    match_ctxt :: TcMatchCtxt HsExpr -- AZ
    match_ctxt = MC { mc_what = PatBindRhs,
                      mc_body = tcBody }

{- *********************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                tcMatch
*                                                                      *
********************************************************************* -}

data TcMatchCtxt body   -- c.f. TcStmtCtxt, also in this module
  = MC { mc_what :: HsMatchContext GhcTc,  -- What kind of thing this is
         mc_body :: LocatedA (body GhcRn)  -- Type checker for a body of
                                           -- an alternative
                 -> ExpRhoType
                 -> TcM (LocatedA (body GhcTc)) }

type AnnoBody body
  = ( Outputable (body GhcRn)
    , Anno (Match GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))) ~ SrcSpanAnnA
    , Anno (Match GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc))) ~ SrcSpanAnnA
    , Anno [LocatedA (Match GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn)))] ~ SrcSpanAnnL
    , Anno [LocatedA (Match GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)))] ~ SrcSpanAnnL
    , Anno (GRHS GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))) ~ SrcAnn NoEpAnns
    , Anno (GRHS GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc))) ~ SrcAnn NoEpAnns
    , Anno (StmtLR GhcRn GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))) ~ SrcSpanAnnA
    , Anno (StmtLR GhcTc GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc))) ~ SrcSpanAnnA
    )

-- | Type-check a MatchGroup.
tcMatches :: (AnnoBody body ) => TcMatchCtxt body
          -> [Scaled ExpSigmaTypeFRR] -- ^ Expected pattern types.
          -> ExpRhoType               -- ^ Expected result-type of the Match.
          -> MatchGroup GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))
          -> TcM (MatchGroup GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)))

tcMatches ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty (MG { mg_alts = L l matches
                                  , mg_ext = origin })
  | null matches  -- Deal with case e of {}
    -- Since there are no branches, no one else will fill in rhs_ty
    -- when in inference mode, so we must do it ourselves,
    -- here, using expTypeToType
  = do { tcEmitBindingUsage bottomUE
       ; pat_tys <- mapM scaledExpTypeToType pat_tys
       ; rhs_ty  <- expTypeToType rhs_ty
       ; return (MG { mg_alts = L l []
                    , mg_ext = MatchGroupTc pat_tys rhs_ty origin
                    }) }

  | otherwise
  = do { umatches <- mapM (tcCollectingUsage . tcMatch ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty) matches
       ; let (usages,matches') = unzip umatches
       ; tcEmitBindingUsage $ supUEs usages
       ; pat_tys  <- mapM readScaledExpType pat_tys
       ; rhs_ty   <- readExpType rhs_ty
       ; return (MG { mg_alts   = L l matches'
                    , mg_ext    = MatchGroupTc pat_tys rhs_ty origin
                    }) }

-------------
tcMatch :: (AnnoBody body) => TcMatchCtxt body
        -> [Scaled ExpSigmaType]        -- Expected pattern types
        -> ExpRhoType            -- Expected result-type of the Match.
        -> LMatch GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))
        -> TcM (LMatch GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)))

tcMatch ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty match
  = wrapLocMA (tc_match ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty) match
  where
    tc_match ctxt pat_tys rhs_ty
             match@(Match { m_pats = pats, m_grhss = grhss })
      = add_match_ctxt match $
        do { (pats', grhss') <- tcPats (mc_what ctxt) pats pat_tys $
                                tcGRHSs ctxt grhss rhs_ty
           ; return (Match { m_ext = noAnn
                           , m_ctxt = mc_what ctxt, m_pats = pats'
                           , m_grhss = grhss' }) }

        -- For (\x -> e), tcExpr has already said "In the expression \x->e"
        -- so we don't want to add "In the lambda abstraction \x->e"
    add_match_ctxt match thing_inside
        = case mc_what ctxt of
            LambdaExpr -> thing_inside
            _          -> addErrCtxt (pprMatchInCtxt match) thing_inside

-------------
tcGRHSs :: AnnoBody body
        => TcMatchCtxt body -> GRHSs GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn)) -> ExpRhoType
        -> TcM (GRHSs GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)))

-- Notice that we pass in the full res_ty, so that we get
-- good inference from simple things like
--      f = \(x::forall a.a->a) -> <stuff>
-- We used to force it to be a monotype when there was more than one guard
-- but we don't need to do that any more

tcGRHSs ctxt (GRHSs _ grhss binds) res_ty
  = do  { (binds', ugrhss)
            <- tcLocalBinds binds $
               mapM (tcCollectingUsage . wrapLocMA (tcGRHS ctxt res_ty)) grhss
        ; let (usages, grhss') = unzip ugrhss
        ; tcEmitBindingUsage $ supUEs usages
        ; return (GRHSs emptyComments grhss' binds') }

-------------
tcGRHS :: TcMatchCtxt body -> ExpRhoType -> GRHS GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))
       -> TcM (GRHS GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)))

tcGRHS ctxt res_ty (GRHS _ guards rhs)
  = do  { (guards', rhs')
            <- tcStmtsAndThen stmt_ctxt tcGuardStmt guards res_ty $
               mc_body ctxt rhs
        ; return (GRHS noAnn guards' rhs') }
  where
    stmt_ctxt  = PatGuard (mc_what ctxt)

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{@tcDoStmts@ typechecks a {\em list} of do statements}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

tcDoStmts :: HsDoFlavour
          -> LocatedL [LStmt GhcRn (LHsExpr GhcRn)]
          -> ExpRhoType
          -> TcM (HsExpr GhcTc)          -- Returns a HsDo
tcDoStmts ListComp (L l stmts) res_ty
  = do  { res_ty <- expTypeToType res_ty
        ; (co, elt_ty) <- matchExpectedListTy res_ty
        ; let list_ty = mkListTy elt_ty
        ; stmts' <- tcStmts (HsDoStmt ListComp) (tcLcStmt listTyCon) stmts
                            (mkCheckExpType elt_ty)
        ; return $ mkHsWrapCo co (HsDo list_ty ListComp (L l stmts')) }

tcDoStmts doExpr@(DoExpr _) (L l stmts) res_ty
  = do  { stmts' <- tcStmts (HsDoStmt doExpr) tcDoStmt stmts res_ty
        ; res_ty <- readExpType res_ty
        ; return (HsDo res_ty doExpr (L l stmts')) }

tcDoStmts mDoExpr@(MDoExpr _) (L l stmts) res_ty
  = do  { stmts' <- tcStmts (HsDoStmt mDoExpr) tcDoStmt stmts res_ty
        ; res_ty <- readExpType res_ty
        ; return (HsDo res_ty mDoExpr (L l stmts')) }

tcDoStmts MonadComp (L l stmts) res_ty
  = do  { stmts' <- tcStmts (HsDoStmt MonadComp) tcMcStmt stmts res_ty
        ; res_ty <- readExpType res_ty
        ; return (HsDo res_ty MonadComp (L l stmts')) }
tcDoStmts ctxt@GhciStmtCtxt _ _ = pprPanic "tcDoStmts" (pprHsDoFlavour ctxt)

tcBody :: LHsExpr GhcRn -> ExpRhoType -> TcM (LHsExpr GhcTc)
tcBody body res_ty
  = do  { traceTc "tcBody" (ppr res_ty)
        ; tcMonoExpr body res_ty
        }

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{tcStmts}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

type TcExprStmtChecker = TcStmtChecker HsExpr ExpRhoType
type TcCmdStmtChecker  = TcStmtChecker HsCmd  TcRhoType

type TcStmtChecker body rho_type
  =  forall thing. HsStmtContext GhcTc
                -> Stmt GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))
                -> rho_type                 -- Result type for comprehension
                -> (rho_type -> TcM thing)  -- Checker for what follows the stmt
                -> TcM (Stmt GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc)), thing)

tcStmts :: (AnnoBody body) => HsStmtContext GhcTc
        -> TcStmtChecker body rho_type   -- NB: higher-rank type
        -> [LStmt GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))]
        -> rho_type
        -> TcM [LStmt GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc))]
tcStmts ctxt stmt_chk stmts res_ty
  = do { (stmts', _) <- tcStmtsAndThen ctxt stmt_chk stmts res_ty $
                        const (return ())
       ; return stmts' }

tcStmtsAndThen :: (AnnoBody body) => HsStmtContext GhcTc
               -> TcStmtChecker body rho_type    -- NB: higher-rank type
               -> [LStmt GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))]
               -> rho_type
               -> (rho_type -> TcM thing)
               -> TcM ([LStmt GhcTc (LocatedA (body GhcTc))], thing)

-- Note the higher-rank type.  stmt_chk is applied at different
-- types in the equations for tcStmts

tcStmtsAndThen _ _ [] res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { thing <- thing_inside res_ty
        ; return ([], thing) }

-- LetStmts are handled uniformly, regardless of context
tcStmtsAndThen ctxt stmt_chk (L loc (LetStmt x binds) : stmts)
                                                             res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (binds', (stmts',thing)) <- tcLocalBinds binds $
              tcStmtsAndThen ctxt stmt_chk stmts res_ty thing_inside
        ; return (L loc (LetStmt x binds') : stmts', thing) }

-- Don't set the error context for an ApplicativeStmt.  It ought to be
-- possible to do this with a popErrCtxt in the tcStmt case for
-- ApplicativeStmt, but it did something strange and broke a test (ado002).
tcStmtsAndThen ctxt stmt_chk (L loc stmt : stmts) res_ty thing_inside
  | ApplicativeStmt{} <- stmt
  = do  { (stmt', (stmts', thing)) <-
             stmt_chk ctxt stmt res_ty $ \ res_ty' ->
               tcStmtsAndThen ctxt stmt_chk stmts res_ty'  $
                 thing_inside
        ; return (L loc stmt' : stmts', thing) }

  -- For the vanilla case, handle the location-setting part
  | otherwise
  = do  { (stmt', (stmts', thing)) <-
                setSrcSpanA loc                             $
                addErrCtxt (pprStmtInCtxt ctxt stmt)        $
                stmt_chk ctxt stmt res_ty                   $ \ res_ty' ->
                popErrCtxt                                  $
                tcStmtsAndThen ctxt stmt_chk stmts res_ty'  $
                thing_inside
        ; return (L loc stmt' : stmts', thing) }

---------------------------------------------------
--              Pattern guards
---------------------------------------------------

tcGuardStmt :: TcExprStmtChecker
tcGuardStmt _ (BodyStmt _ guard _ _) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { guard' <- tcScalingUsage ManyTy $ tcCheckMonoExpr guard boolTy
          -- Scale the guard to Many (see #19120 and #19193)
        ; thing  <- thing_inside res_ty
        ; return (BodyStmt boolTy guard' noSyntaxExpr noSyntaxExpr, thing) }

tcGuardStmt ctxt (BindStmt _ pat rhs) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { -- The Many on the next line and the unrestricted on the line after
          -- are linked. These must be the same multiplicity. Consider
          --   x <- rhs -> u
          --
          -- The multiplicity of x in u must be the same as the multiplicity at
          -- which the rhs has been consumed. When solving #18738, we want these
          -- two multiplicity to still be the same.
          (rhs', rhs_ty) <- tcScalingUsage ManyTy $ tcInferRhoNC rhs
                                   -- Stmt has a context already
        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic FRRBindStmtGuard rhs_ty
        ; (pat', thing)  <- tcCheckPat_O (StmtCtxt ctxt) (lexprCtOrigin rhs)
                                         pat (unrestricted rhs_ty) $
                            thing_inside res_ty
        ; return (mkTcBindStmt pat' rhs', thing) }

tcGuardStmt _ stmt _ _
  = pprPanic "tcGuardStmt: unexpected Stmt" (ppr stmt)


---------------------------------------------------
--           List comprehensions
--               (no rebindable syntax)
---------------------------------------------------

-- Dealt with separately, rather than by tcMcStmt, because
--   a) We have special desugaring rules for list comprehensions,
--      which avoid creating intermediate lists.  They in turn
--      assume that the bind/return operations are the regular
--      polymorphic ones, and in particular don't have any
--      coercion matching stuff in them.  It's hard to avoid the
--      potential for non-trivial coercions in tcMcStmt

tcLcStmt :: TyCon       -- The list type constructor ([])
         -> TcExprStmtChecker

tcLcStmt _ _ (LastStmt x body noret _) elt_ty thing_inside
  = do { body' <- tcMonoExprNC body elt_ty
       ; thing <- thing_inside (panic "tcLcStmt: thing_inside")
       ; return (LastStmt x body' noret noSyntaxExpr, thing) }

-- A generator, pat <- rhs
tcLcStmt m_tc ctxt (BindStmt _ pat rhs) elt_ty thing_inside
 = do   { pat_ty <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
        ; rhs'   <- tcCheckMonoExpr rhs (mkTyConApp m_tc [pat_ty])
        ; (pat', thing)  <- tcCheckPat (StmtCtxt ctxt) pat (unrestricted pat_ty) $
                            thing_inside elt_ty
        ; return (mkTcBindStmt pat' rhs', thing) }

-- A boolean guard
tcLcStmt _ _ (BodyStmt _ rhs _ _) elt_ty thing_inside
  = do  { rhs'  <- tcCheckMonoExpr rhs boolTy
        ; thing <- thing_inside elt_ty
        ; return (BodyStmt boolTy rhs' noSyntaxExpr noSyntaxExpr, thing) }

-- ParStmt: See notes with tcMcStmt and Note [Scoping in parallel list comprehensions]
tcLcStmt m_tc ctxt (ParStmt _ bndr_stmts_s _ _) elt_ty thing_inside
  = do  { env <- getLocalRdrEnv
        ; (pairs', thing) <- loop env [] bndr_stmts_s
        ; return (ParStmt unitTy pairs' noExpr noSyntaxExpr, thing) }
  where
    -- loop :: LocalRdrEnv -- The original LocalRdrEnv
    --      -> [Name]      -- Variables bound by earlier branches
    --      -> [([LStmt GhcRn], [GhcRn])]
    --      -> TcM ([([LStmt GhcTc], [GhcTc])], thing)
    --
    -- Invariant: on entry to `loop`, the LocalRdrEnv is set to
    --            origEnv, the LocalRdrEnv for the entire comprehension
    loop _ allBinds [] = do { thing <- bindLocalNames allBinds $ thing_inside elt_ty
                            ; return ([], thing) }   -- matching in the branches

    loop origEnv priorBinds (ParStmtBlock x stmts names _ : pairs)
      = do { (stmts', (ids, pairs', thing))
                <- tcStmtsAndThen ctxt (tcLcStmt m_tc) stmts elt_ty $ \ _elt_ty' ->
                   do { ids <- tcLookupLocalIds names
                      ; (pairs', thing) <- setLocalRdrEnv origEnv $
                          loop origEnv (names ++ priorBinds) pairs
                      ; return (ids, pairs', thing) }
           ; return ( ParStmtBlock x stmts' ids noSyntaxExpr : pairs', thing ) }

tcLcStmt m_tc ctxt (TransStmt { trS_form = form, trS_stmts = stmts
                              , trS_bndrs =  bindersMap
                              , trS_by = by, trS_using = using }) elt_ty thing_inside
  = do { let (bndr_names, n_bndr_names) = unzip bindersMap
             unused_ty = pprPanic "tcLcStmt: inner ty" (ppr bindersMap)
             -- The inner 'stmts' lack a LastStmt, so the element type
             --  passed in to tcStmtsAndThen is never looked at
       ; (stmts', (bndr_ids, by'))
            <- tcStmtsAndThen (TransStmtCtxt ctxt) (tcLcStmt m_tc) stmts unused_ty $ \_ -> do
               { by' <- traverse tcInferRho by
               ; bndr_ids <- tcLookupLocalIds bndr_names
               ; return (bndr_ids, by') }

       ; let m_app ty = mkTyConApp m_tc [ty]

       --------------- Typecheck the 'using' function -------------
       -- using :: ((a,b,c)->t) -> m (a,b,c) -> m (a,b,c)m      (ThenForm)
       --       :: ((a,b,c)->t) -> m (a,b,c) -> m (m (a,b,c)))  (GroupForm)

         -- n_app :: Type -> Type   -- Wraps a 'ty' into '[ty]' for GroupForm
       ; let n_app = case form of
                       ThenForm -> (\ty -> ty)
                       _        -> m_app

             by_arrow :: Type -> Type     -- Wraps 'ty' to '(a->t) -> ty' if the By is present
             by_arrow = case by' of
                          Nothing       -> \ty -> ty
                          Just (_,e_ty) -> \ty -> (alphaTy `mkVisFunTyMany` e_ty) `mkVisFunTyMany` ty

             tup_ty        = mkBigCoreVarTupTy bndr_ids
             poly_arg_ty   = m_app alphaTy
             poly_res_ty   = m_app (n_app alphaTy)
             using_poly_ty = mkInfForAllTy alphaTyVar $
                             by_arrow $
                             poly_arg_ty `mkVisFunTyMany` poly_res_ty

       ; using' <- tcCheckPolyExpr using using_poly_ty
       ; let final_using = fmap (mkHsWrap (WpTyApp tup_ty)) using'

             -- 'stmts' returns a result of type (m1_ty tuple_ty),
             -- typically something like [(Int,Bool,Int)]
             -- We don't know what tuple_ty is yet, so we use a variable
       ; let mk_n_bndr :: Name -> TcId -> TcId
             mk_n_bndr n_bndr_name bndr_id = mkLocalId n_bndr_name ManyTy (n_app (idType bndr_id))

             -- Ensure that every old binder of type `b` is linked up with its
             -- new binder which should have type `n b`
             -- See Note [TransStmt binder map] in GHC.Hs.Expr
             n_bndr_ids  = zipWith mk_n_bndr n_bndr_names bndr_ids
             bindersMap' = bndr_ids `zip` n_bndr_ids

       -- Type check the thing in the environment with
       -- these new binders and return the result
       ; thing <- tcExtendIdEnv n_bndr_ids (thing_inside elt_ty)

       ; return (TransStmt { trS_stmts = stmts', trS_bndrs = bindersMap'
                           , trS_by = fmap fst by', trS_using = final_using
                           , trS_ret = noSyntaxExpr
                           , trS_bind = noSyntaxExpr
                           , trS_fmap = noExpr
                           , trS_ext = unitTy
                           , trS_form = form }, thing) }

tcLcStmt _ _ stmt _ _
  = pprPanic "tcLcStmt: unexpected Stmt" (ppr stmt)


---------------------------------------------------
--           Monad comprehensions
--        (supports rebindable syntax)
---------------------------------------------------

tcMcStmt :: TcExprStmtChecker

tcMcStmt _ (LastStmt x body noret return_op) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (body', return_op')
            <- tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin return_op [SynRho] res_ty $
               \ [a_ty] [mult]->
               tcScalingUsage mult $ tcCheckMonoExprNC body a_ty
        ; thing      <- thing_inside (panic "tcMcStmt: thing_inside")
        ; return (LastStmt x body' noret return_op', thing) }

-- Generators for monad comprehensions ( pat <- rhs )
--
--   [ body | q <- gen ]  ->  gen :: m a
--                            q   ::   a
--

tcMcStmt ctxt (BindStmt xbsrn pat rhs) res_ty thing_inside
           -- (>>=) :: rhs_ty -> (pat_ty -> new_res_ty) -> res_ty
  = do  { ((rhs_ty, rhs', pat_mult, pat', thing, new_res_ty), bind_op')
            <- tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin (xbsrn_bindOp xbsrn)
                          [SynRho, SynFun SynAny SynRho] res_ty $
               \ [rhs_ty, pat_ty, new_res_ty] [rhs_mult, fun_mult, pat_mult] ->
               do { rhs' <- tcScalingUsage rhs_mult $ tcCheckMonoExprNC rhs rhs_ty
                  ; (pat', thing) <- tcScalingUsage fun_mult $ tcCheckPat (StmtCtxt ctxt) pat (Scaled pat_mult pat_ty) $
                                     thing_inside (mkCheckExpType new_res_ty)
                  ; return (rhs_ty, rhs', pat_mult, pat', thing, new_res_ty) }

        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic (FRRBindStmt MonadComprehension) rhs_ty

        -- If (but only if) the pattern can fail, typecheck the 'fail' operator
        ; fail_op' <- fmap join . forM (xbsrn_failOp xbsrn) $ \fail ->
            tcMonadFailOp (MCompPatOrigin pat) pat' fail new_res_ty

        ; let xbstc = XBindStmtTc
                { xbstc_bindOp = bind_op'
                , xbstc_boundResultType = new_res_ty
                , xbstc_boundResultMult = pat_mult
                , xbstc_failOp = fail_op'
                }
        ; return (BindStmt xbstc pat' rhs', thing) }

-- Boolean expressions.
--
--   [ body | stmts, expr ]  ->  expr :: m Bool
--
tcMcStmt _ (BodyStmt _ rhs then_op guard_op) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { -- Deal with rebindable syntax:
          --    guard_op :: test_ty -> rhs_ty
          --    then_op  :: rhs_ty -> new_res_ty -> res_ty
          -- Where test_ty is, for example, Bool
        ; ((thing, rhs', rhs_ty, new_res_ty, test_ty, guard_op'), then_op')
            <- tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin then_op [SynRho, SynRho] res_ty $
               \ [rhs_ty, new_res_ty] [rhs_mult, fun_mult] ->
               do { ((rhs', test_ty), guard_op')
                      <- tcScalingUsage rhs_mult $
                         tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin guard_op [SynAny]
                                    (mkCheckExpType rhs_ty) $
                         \ [test_ty] [test_mult] -> do
                           rhs' <- tcScalingUsage test_mult $ tcCheckMonoExpr rhs test_ty
                           return $ (rhs', test_ty)
                  ; thing <- tcScalingUsage fun_mult $ thing_inside (mkCheckExpType new_res_ty)
                  ; return (thing, rhs', rhs_ty, new_res_ty, test_ty, guard_op') }

        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic FRRBodyStmtGuard test_ty
        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic (FRRBodyStmt MonadComprehension 1) rhs_ty
        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic (FRRBodyStmt MonadComprehension 2) new_res_ty

        ; return (BodyStmt rhs_ty rhs' then_op' guard_op', thing) }

-- Grouping statements
--
--   [ body | stmts, then group by e using f ]
--     ->  e :: t
--         f :: forall a. (a -> t) -> m a -> m (m a)
--   [ body | stmts, then group using f ]
--     ->  f :: forall a. m a -> m (m a)

-- We type [ body | (stmts, group by e using f), ... ]
--     f <optional by> [ (a,b,c) | stmts ] >>= \(a,b,c) -> ...body....
--
-- We type the functions as follows:
--     f <optional by> :: m1 (a,b,c) -> m2 (a,b,c)              (ThenForm)
--                     :: m1 (a,b,c) -> m2 (n (a,b,c))          (GroupForm)
--     (>>=) :: m2 (a,b,c)     -> ((a,b,c)   -> res) -> res     (ThenForm)
--           :: m2 (n (a,b,c)) -> (n (a,b,c) -> res) -> res     (GroupForm)
--
tcMcStmt ctxt (TransStmt { trS_stmts = stmts, trS_bndrs = bindersMap
                         , trS_by = by, trS_using = using, trS_form = form
                         , trS_ret = return_op, trS_bind = bind_op
                         , trS_fmap = fmap_op }) res_ty thing_inside
  = do { m1_ty   <- newFlexiTyVarTy typeToTypeKind
       ; m2_ty   <- newFlexiTyVarTy typeToTypeKind
       ; tup_ty  <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
       ; by_e_ty <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind  -- The type of the 'by' expression (if any)

         -- n_app :: Type -> Type   -- Wraps a 'ty' into '(n ty)' for GroupForm
       ; n_app <- case form of
                    ThenForm -> return (\ty -> ty)
                    _        -> do { n_ty <- newFlexiTyVarTy typeToTypeKind
                                   ; return (n_ty `mkAppTy`) }
       ; let by_arrow :: Type -> Type
             -- (by_arrow res) produces ((alpha->e_ty) -> res)     ('by' present)
             --                          or res                    ('by' absent)
             by_arrow = case by of
                          Nothing -> \res -> res
                          Just {} -> \res -> (alphaTy `mkVisFunTyMany` by_e_ty) `mkVisFunTyMany` res

             poly_arg_ty  = m1_ty `mkAppTy` alphaTy
             using_arg_ty = m1_ty `mkAppTy` tup_ty
             poly_res_ty  = m2_ty `mkAppTy` n_app alphaTy
             using_res_ty = m2_ty `mkAppTy` n_app tup_ty
             using_poly_ty = mkInfForAllTy alphaTyVar $
                             by_arrow $
                             poly_arg_ty `mkVisFunTyMany` poly_res_ty

             -- 'stmts' returns a result of type (m1_ty tuple_ty),
             -- typically something like [(Int,Bool,Int)]
             -- We don't know what tuple_ty is yet, so we use a variable
       ; let (bndr_names, n_bndr_names) = unzip bindersMap
       ; (stmts', (bndr_ids, by', return_op')) <-
            tcStmtsAndThen (TransStmtCtxt ctxt) tcMcStmt stmts
                           (mkCheckExpType using_arg_ty) $ \res_ty' -> do
                { by' <- case by of
                           Nothing -> return Nothing
                           Just e  -> do { e' <- tcCheckMonoExpr e by_e_ty
                                         ; return (Just e') }

                -- Find the Ids (and hence types) of all old binders
                ; bndr_ids <- tcLookupLocalIds bndr_names

                -- 'return' is only used for the binders, so we know its type.
                --   return :: (a,b,c,..) -> m (a,b,c,..)
                ; (_, return_op') <- tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin return_op
                                       [synKnownType (mkBigCoreVarTupTy bndr_ids)]
                                       res_ty' $ \ _ _ -> return ()

                ; return (bndr_ids, by', return_op') }

       --------------- Typecheck the 'bind' function -------------
       -- (>>=) :: m2 (n (a,b,c)) -> ( n (a,b,c) -> new_res_ty ) -> res_ty
       ; new_res_ty <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
       ; (_, bind_op')  <- tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin bind_op
                             [ synKnownType using_res_ty
                             , synKnownType (n_app tup_ty `mkVisFunTyMany` new_res_ty) ]
                             res_ty $ \ _ _ -> return ()

       --------------- Typecheck the 'fmap' function -------------
       ; fmap_op' <- case form of
                       ThenForm -> return noExpr
                       _ -> fmap unLoc . tcCheckPolyExpr (noLocA fmap_op) $
                            mkInfForAllTy alphaTyVar $
                            mkInfForAllTy betaTyVar  $
                            (alphaTy `mkVisFunTyMany` betaTy)
                            `mkVisFunTyMany` (n_app alphaTy)
                            `mkVisFunTyMany` (n_app betaTy)

       --------------- Typecheck the 'using' function -------------
       -- using :: ((a,b,c)->t) -> m1 (a,b,c) -> m2 (n (a,b,c))

       ; using' <- tcCheckPolyExpr using using_poly_ty
       ; let final_using = fmap (mkHsWrap (WpTyApp tup_ty)) using'

       --------------- Building the bindersMap ----------------
       ; let mk_n_bndr :: Name -> TcId -> TcId
             mk_n_bndr n_bndr_name bndr_id = mkLocalId n_bndr_name ManyTy (n_app (idType bndr_id))

             -- Ensure that every old binder of type `b` is linked up with its
             -- new binder which should have type `n b`
             -- See Note [TransStmt binder map] in GHC.Hs.Expr
             n_bndr_ids = zipWithEqual "tcMcStmt" mk_n_bndr n_bndr_names bndr_ids
             bindersMap' = bndr_ids `zip` n_bndr_ids

       -- Type check the thing in the environment with
       -- these new binders and return the result
       ; thing <- tcExtendIdEnv n_bndr_ids $
                  thing_inside (mkCheckExpType new_res_ty)

       ; return (TransStmt { trS_stmts = stmts', trS_bndrs = bindersMap'
                           , trS_by = by', trS_using = final_using
                           , trS_ret = return_op', trS_bind = bind_op'
                           , trS_ext = n_app tup_ty
                           , trS_fmap = fmap_op', trS_form = form }, thing) }

-- A parallel set of comprehensions
--      [ (g x, h x) | ... ; let g v = ...
--                   | ... ; let h v = ... ]
--
-- It's possible that g,h are overloaded, so we need to feed the LIE from the
-- (g x, h x) up through both lots of bindings (so we get the bindLocalMethods).
-- Similarly if we had an existential pattern match:
--
--      data T = forall a. Show a => C a
--
--      [ (show x, show y) | ... ; C x <- ...
--                         | ... ; C y <- ... ]
--
-- Then we need the LIE from (show x, show y) to be simplified against
-- the bindings for x and y.
--
-- It's difficult to do this in parallel, so we rely on the renamer to
-- ensure that g,h and x,y don't duplicate, and simply grow the environment.
-- So the binders of the first parallel group will be in scope in the second
-- group.  But that's fine; there's no shadowing to worry about.
--
-- Note: The `mzip` function will get typechecked via:
--
--   ParStmt [st1::t1, st2::t2, st3::t3]
--
--   mzip :: m st1
--        -> (m st2 -> m st3 -> m (st2, st3))   -- recursive call
--        -> m (st1, (st2, st3))
--
tcMcStmt ctxt (ParStmt _ bndr_stmts_s mzip_op bind_op) res_ty thing_inside
  = do { m_ty   <- newFlexiTyVarTy typeToTypeKind

       ; let mzip_ty  = mkInfForAllTys [alphaTyVar, betaTyVar] $
                        (m_ty `mkAppTy` alphaTy)
                        `mkVisFunTyMany`
                        (m_ty `mkAppTy` betaTy)
                        `mkVisFunTyMany`
                        (m_ty `mkAppTy` mkBoxedTupleTy [alphaTy, betaTy])
       ; mzip_op' <- unLoc `fmap` tcCheckPolyExpr (noLocA mzip_op) mzip_ty

        -- type dummies since we don't know all binder types yet
       ; id_tys_s <- (mapM . mapM) (const (newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind))
                       [ names | ParStmtBlock _ _ names _ <- bndr_stmts_s ]

       -- Typecheck bind:
       ; let tup_tys  = [ mkBigCoreTupTy id_tys | id_tys <- id_tys_s ]
             tuple_ty = mk_tuple_ty tup_tys

       ; (((blocks', thing), inner_res_ty), bind_op')
           <- tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin bind_op
                         [ synKnownType (m_ty `mkAppTy` tuple_ty)
                         , SynFun (synKnownType tuple_ty) SynRho ] res_ty $
              \ [inner_res_ty] _ ->
              do { stuff <- loop m_ty (mkCheckExpType inner_res_ty)
                                 tup_tys bndr_stmts_s
                 ; return (stuff, inner_res_ty) }

       ; return (ParStmt inner_res_ty blocks' mzip_op' bind_op', thing) }

  where
    mk_tuple_ty tys = foldr1 (\tn tm -> mkBoxedTupleTy [tn, tm]) tys

       -- loop :: Type                                  -- m_ty
       --      -> ExpRhoType                            -- inner_res_ty
       --      -> [TcType]                              -- tup_tys
       --      -> [ParStmtBlock Name]
       --      -> TcM ([([LStmt GhcTc], [TcId])], thing)
    loop _ inner_res_ty [] [] = do { thing <- thing_inside inner_res_ty
                                   ; return ([], thing) }
                                   -- matching in the branches

    loop m_ty inner_res_ty (tup_ty_in : tup_tys_in)
                           (ParStmtBlock x stmts names return_op : pairs)
      = do { let m_tup_ty = m_ty `mkAppTy` tup_ty_in
           ; (stmts', (ids, return_op', pairs', thing))
                <- tcStmtsAndThen ctxt tcMcStmt stmts (mkCheckExpType m_tup_ty) $
                   \m_tup_ty' ->
                   do { ids <- tcLookupLocalIds names
                      ; let tup_ty = mkBigCoreVarTupTy ids
                      ; (_, return_op') <-
                          tcSyntaxOp MCompOrigin return_op
                                     [synKnownType tup_ty] m_tup_ty' $
                                     \ _ _ -> return ()
                      ; (pairs', thing) <- loop m_ty inner_res_ty tup_tys_in pairs
                      ; return (ids, return_op', pairs', thing) }
           ; return (ParStmtBlock x stmts' ids return_op' : pairs', thing) }
    loop _ _ _ _ = panic "tcMcStmt.loop"

tcMcStmt _ stmt _ _
  = pprPanic "tcMcStmt: unexpected Stmt" (ppr stmt)


---------------------------------------------------
--           Do-notation
--        (supports rebindable syntax)
---------------------------------------------------

tcDoStmt :: TcExprStmtChecker

tcDoStmt _ (LastStmt x body noret _) res_ty thing_inside
  = do { body' <- tcMonoExprNC body res_ty
       ; thing <- thing_inside (panic "tcDoStmt: thing_inside")
       ; return (LastStmt x body' noret noSyntaxExpr, thing) }

tcDoStmt ctxt (BindStmt xbsrn pat rhs) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  {       -- Deal with rebindable syntax:
                --       (>>=) :: rhs_ty ->_rhs_mult (pat_ty ->_pat_mult new_res_ty) ->_fun_mult res_ty
                -- This level of generality is needed for using do-notation
                -- in full generality; see #1537

          ((rhs_ty, rhs', pat_mult, pat', new_res_ty, thing), bind_op')
            <- tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin (xbsrn_bindOp xbsrn) [SynRho, SynFun SynAny SynRho] res_ty $
                \ [rhs_ty, pat_ty, new_res_ty] [rhs_mult,fun_mult,pat_mult] ->
                do { rhs' <-tcScalingUsage rhs_mult $ tcCheckMonoExprNC rhs rhs_ty
                   ; (pat', thing) <- tcScalingUsage fun_mult $ tcCheckPat (StmtCtxt ctxt) pat (Scaled pat_mult pat_ty) $
                                      thing_inside (mkCheckExpType new_res_ty)
                   ; return (rhs_ty, rhs', pat_mult, pat', new_res_ty, thing) }

        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic (FRRBindStmt DoNotation) rhs_ty

        -- If (but only if) the pattern can fail, typecheck the 'fail' operator
        ; fail_op' <- fmap join . forM (xbsrn_failOp xbsrn) $ \fail ->
            tcMonadFailOp (DoPatOrigin pat) pat' fail new_res_ty
        ; let xbstc = XBindStmtTc
                { xbstc_bindOp = bind_op'
                , xbstc_boundResultType = new_res_ty
                , xbstc_boundResultMult = pat_mult
                , xbstc_failOp = fail_op'
                }
        ; return (BindStmt xbstc pat' rhs', thing) }

tcDoStmt ctxt (ApplicativeStmt _ pairs mb_join) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { let tc_app_stmts ty = tcApplicativeStmts ctxt pairs ty $
                                thing_inside . mkCheckExpType
        ; ((pairs', body_ty, thing), mb_join') <- case mb_join of
            Nothing -> (, Nothing) <$> tc_app_stmts res_ty
            Just join_op ->
              second Just <$>
              (tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin join_op [SynRho] res_ty $
               \ [rhs_ty] [rhs_mult] -> tcScalingUsage rhs_mult $ tc_app_stmts (mkCheckExpType rhs_ty))

        ; return (ApplicativeStmt body_ty pairs' mb_join', thing) }

tcDoStmt _ (BodyStmt _ rhs then_op _) res_ty thing_inside
  = do  {       -- Deal with rebindable syntax;
                --   (>>) :: rhs_ty -> new_res_ty -> res_ty
        ; ((rhs', rhs_ty, new_res_ty, thing), then_op')
            <- tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin then_op [SynRho, SynRho] res_ty $
               \ [rhs_ty, new_res_ty] [rhs_mult,fun_mult] ->
               do { rhs' <- tcScalingUsage rhs_mult $ tcCheckMonoExprNC rhs rhs_ty
                  ; thing <- tcScalingUsage fun_mult $ thing_inside (mkCheckExpType new_res_ty)
                  ; return (rhs', rhs_ty, new_res_ty, thing) }
        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic (FRRBodyStmt DoNotation 1) rhs_ty
        ; hasFixedRuntimeRep_syntactic (FRRBodyStmt DoNotation 2) new_res_ty
        ; return (BodyStmt rhs_ty rhs' then_op' noSyntaxExpr, thing) }

tcDoStmt ctxt (RecStmt { recS_stmts = L l stmts, recS_later_ids = later_names
                       , recS_rec_ids = rec_names, recS_ret_fn = ret_op
                       , recS_mfix_fn = mfix_op, recS_bind_fn = bind_op })
         res_ty thing_inside
  = do  { let tup_names = rec_names ++ filterOut (`elem` rec_names) later_names
        ; tup_elt_tys <- newFlexiTyVarTys (length tup_names) liftedTypeKind
        ; let tup_ids = zipWith (\n t -> mkLocalId n ManyTy t) tup_names tup_elt_tys
                -- Many because it's a recursive definition
              tup_ty  = mkBigCoreTupTy tup_elt_tys

        ; tcExtendIdEnv tup_ids $ do
        { ((stmts', (ret_op', tup_rets)), stmts_ty)
                <- tcInfer $ \ exp_ty ->
                   tcStmtsAndThen ctxt tcDoStmt stmts exp_ty $ \ inner_res_ty ->
                   do { tup_rets <- zipWithM tcCheckId tup_names
                                      (map mkCheckExpType tup_elt_tys)
                             -- Unify the types of the "final" Ids (which may
                             -- be polymorphic) with those of "knot-tied" Ids
                      ; (_, ret_op')
                          <- tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin ret_op [synKnownType tup_ty]
                                        inner_res_ty $ \_ _ -> return ()
                      ; return (ret_op', tup_rets) }

        ; ((_, mfix_op'), mfix_res_ty)
            <- tcInfer $ \ exp_ty ->
               tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin mfix_op
                          [synKnownType (mkVisFunTyMany tup_ty stmts_ty)] exp_ty $
               \ _ _ -> return ()

        ; ((thing, new_res_ty), bind_op')
            <- tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin bind_op
                          [ synKnownType mfix_res_ty
                          , SynFun (synKnownType tup_ty) SynRho ]
                          res_ty $
               \ [new_res_ty] _ ->
               do { thing <- thing_inside (mkCheckExpType new_res_ty)
                  ; return (thing, new_res_ty) }

        ; let rec_ids = takeList rec_names tup_ids
        ; later_ids <- tcLookupLocalIds later_names
        ; traceTc "tcdo" $ vcat [ppr rec_ids <+> ppr (map idType rec_ids),
                                 ppr later_ids <+> ppr (map idType later_ids)]
        ; return (RecStmt { recS_stmts = L l stmts', recS_later_ids = later_ids
                          , recS_rec_ids = rec_ids, recS_ret_fn = ret_op'
                          , recS_mfix_fn = mfix_op', recS_bind_fn = bind_op'
                          , recS_ext = RecStmtTc
                            { recS_bind_ty = new_res_ty
                            , recS_later_rets = []
                            , recS_rec_rets = tup_rets
                            , recS_ret_ty = stmts_ty} }, thing)
        }}

tcDoStmt _ stmt _ _
  = pprPanic "tcDoStmt: unexpected Stmt" (ppr stmt)



---------------------------------------------------
-- MonadFail Proposal warnings
---------------------------------------------------

-- The idea behind issuing MonadFail warnings is that we add them whenever a
-- failable pattern is encountered. However, instead of throwing a type error
-- when the constraint cannot be satisfied, we only issue a warning in
-- "GHC.Tc.Errors".

tcMonadFailOp :: CtOrigin
              -> LPat GhcTc
              -> SyntaxExpr GhcRn    -- The fail op
              -> TcType              -- Type of the whole do-expression
              -> TcRn (FailOperator GhcTc)  -- Typechecked fail op
-- Get a 'fail' operator expression, to use if the pattern match fails.
-- This won't be used in cases where we've already determined the pattern
-- match can't fail (so the fail op is Nothing), however, it seems that the
-- isIrrefutableHsPat test is still required here for some reason I haven't
-- yet determined.
tcMonadFailOp orig pat fail_op res_ty = do
    dflags <- getDynFlags
    if isIrrefutableHsPatRn dflags pat
      then return Nothing
      else Just . snd <$> (tcSyntaxOp orig fail_op [synKnownType stringTy]
                            (mkCheckExpType res_ty) $ \_ _ -> return ())

{-
Note [Treat rebindable syntax first]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When typechecking
        do { bar; ... } :: IO ()
we want to typecheck 'bar' in the knowledge that it should be an IO thing,
pushing info from the context into the RHS.  To do this, we check the
rebindable syntax first, and push that information into (tcLExprNC rhs).
Otherwise the error shows up when checking the rebindable syntax, and
the expected/inferred stuff is back to front (see #3613).

Note [typechecking ApplicativeStmt]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
join ((\pat1 ... patn -> body) <$> e1 <*> ... <*> en)

fresh type variables:
   pat_ty_1..pat_ty_n
   exp_ty_1..exp_ty_n
   t_1..t_(n-1)

body  :: body_ty
(\pat1 ... patn -> body) :: pat_ty_1 -> ... -> pat_ty_n -> body_ty
pat_i :: pat_ty_i
e_i   :: exp_ty_i
<$>   :: (pat_ty_1 -> ... -> pat_ty_n -> body_ty) -> exp_ty_1 -> t_1
<*>_i :: t_(i-1) -> exp_ty_i -> t_i
join :: tn -> res_ty

Note [Scoping in parallel list comprehensions]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In a parallel list comprehension like [ ebody | a <- blah1; e1 | b <- blah2; e2 ]
we want to ensure that in the lexical environment, tcl_rdr :: LocalRdrEnv, we have
  * 'a' in scope in e1, but not 'b'
  * 'b' in scope in e2, but not 'a'
  * Both in scope in ebody
We don't want too /many/ variables in the LocalRdrEnv, else we make stupid
suggestions for an out-of-scope variable (#22940).

To achieve this we:
  * At the start of each branch, reset the LocalRdrEnv to the outer scope.
  * Before typechecking ebody, add to LocalRdrEnv all the variables bound in
    all branches. This step is done with bindLocalNames.
-}

tcApplicativeStmts
  :: HsStmtContext GhcTc
  -> [(SyntaxExpr GhcRn, ApplicativeArg GhcRn)]
  -> ExpRhoType                         -- rhs_ty
  -> (TcRhoType -> TcM t)               -- thing_inside
  -> TcM ([(SyntaxExpr GhcTc, ApplicativeArg GhcTc)], Type, t)

tcApplicativeStmts ctxt pairs rhs_ty thing_inside
 = do { body_ty <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
      ; let arity = length pairs
      ; ts <- replicateM (arity-1) $ newInferExpType
      ; exp_tys <- replicateM arity $ newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
      ; pat_tys <- replicateM arity $ newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
      ; let fun_ty = mkVisFunTysMany pat_tys body_ty

       -- NB. do the <$>,<*> operators first, we don't want type errors here
       --     i.e. goOps before goArgs
       -- See Note [Treat rebindable syntax first]
      ; let (ops, args) = unzip pairs
      ; ops' <- goOps fun_ty (zip3 ops (ts ++ [rhs_ty]) exp_tys)

      -- Typecheck each ApplicativeArg separately
      -- See Note [ApplicativeDo and constraints]
      ; args' <- mapM (goArg body_ty) (zip3 args pat_tys exp_tys)

      -- Bring into scope all the things bound by the args,
      -- and typecheck the thing_inside
      -- See Note [ApplicativeDo and constraints]
      ; res <- tcExtendIdEnv (concatMap get_arg_bndrs args') $
               thing_inside body_ty

      ; return (zip ops' args', body_ty, res) }
  where
    goOps _ [] = return []
    goOps t_left ((op,t_i,exp_ty) : ops)
      = do { (_, op')
               <- tcSyntaxOp DoOrigin op
                             [synKnownType t_left, synKnownType exp_ty] t_i $
                   \ _ _ -> return ()
           ; t_i <- readExpType t_i
           ; ops' <- goOps t_i ops
           ; return (op' : ops') }

    goArg :: Type -> (ApplicativeArg GhcRn, Type, Type)
          -> TcM (ApplicativeArg GhcTc)

    goArg body_ty (ApplicativeArgOne
                    { xarg_app_arg_one = fail_op
                    , app_arg_pattern = pat
                    , arg_expr = rhs
                    , ..
                    }, pat_ty, exp_ty)
      = setSrcSpan (combineSrcSpans (getLocA pat) (getLocA rhs)) $
        addErrCtxt (pprStmtInCtxt ctxt (mkRnBindStmt pat rhs))   $
        do { rhs'      <- tcCheckMonoExprNC rhs exp_ty
           ; (pat', _) <- tcCheckPat (StmtCtxt ctxt) pat (unrestricted pat_ty) $
                          return ()
           ; fail_op' <- fmap join . forM fail_op $ \fail ->
               tcMonadFailOp (DoPatOrigin pat) pat' fail body_ty

           ; return (ApplicativeArgOne
                      { xarg_app_arg_one = fail_op'
                      , app_arg_pattern = pat'
                      , arg_expr        = rhs'
                      , .. }
                    ) }

    goArg _body_ty (ApplicativeArgMany x stmts ret pat ctxt, pat_ty, exp_ty)
      = do { (stmts', (ret',pat')) <-
                tcStmtsAndThen (HsDoStmt ctxt) tcDoStmt stmts (mkCheckExpType exp_ty) $
                \res_ty  -> do
                  { ret'      <- tcExpr ret res_ty
                  ; (pat', _) <- tcCheckPat (StmtCtxt (HsDoStmt ctxt)) pat (unrestricted pat_ty) $
                                 return ()
                  ; return (ret', pat')
                  }
           ; return (ApplicativeArgMany x stmts' ret' pat' ctxt) }

    get_arg_bndrs :: ApplicativeArg GhcTc -> [Id]
    get_arg_bndrs (ApplicativeArgOne { app_arg_pattern = pat }) = collectPatBinders CollNoDictBinders pat
    get_arg_bndrs (ApplicativeArgMany { bv_pattern =  pat })    = collectPatBinders CollNoDictBinders pat

{- Note [ApplicativeDo and constraints]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
An applicative-do is supposed to take place in parallel, so
constraints bound in one arm can't possibly be available in another
(#13242).  Our current rule is this (more details and discussion
on the ticket). Consider

   ...stmts...
   ApplicativeStmts [arg1, arg2, ... argN]
   ...more stmts...

where argi :: ApplicativeArg. Each 'argi' itself contains one or more Stmts.
Now, we say that:

* Constraints required by the argi can be solved from
  constraint bound by ...stmts...

* Constraints and existentials bound by the argi are not available
  to solve constraints required either by argj (where i /= j),
  or by ...more stmts....

* Within the stmts of each 'argi' individually, however, constraints bound
  by earlier stmts can be used to solve later ones.

To achieve this, we just typecheck each 'argi' separately, bring all
the variables they bind into scope, and typecheck the thing_inside.

************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{Errors and contexts}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

-- | @checkArgCounts@ takes a @[RenamedMatch]@ and decides whether the same
-- number of args are used in each equation.
checkArgCounts :: AnnoBody body
          => HsMatchContext GhcTc -> MatchGroup GhcRn (LocatedA (body GhcRn))
          -> TcM ()
checkArgCounts _ (MG { mg_alts = L _ [] })
    = return ()
checkArgCounts matchContext (MG { mg_alts = L _ (match1:matches) })
    | Just bad_matches <- mb_bad_matches
    = failWithTc $ TcRnMatchesHaveDiffNumArgs matchContext
                 $ MatchArgMatches match1 bad_matches
    | otherwise
    = return ()
  where
    n_args1 = args_in_match match1
    mb_bad_matches = NE.nonEmpty [m | m <- matches, args_in_match m /= n_args1]

    args_in_match :: (LocatedA (Match GhcRn body1) -> Int)
    args_in_match (L _ (Match { m_pats = pats })) = length pats
