LLVM Testing Infrastructure Guide

1. Overview
2. Requirements
3. LLVM testing infrastructure organization
   - DejaGNU tests
   - Test suite
4. Quick start
   - DejaGNU tests
   - Test suite
5. DejaGNU structure
   - Writing new DejaGNU tests
   - The FileCheck utility
   - Variables and substitutions
   - Other features
6. Test suite structure
7. Running the test suite
   - Configuring External Tests
   - Running different tests
   - Generating test output
   - Writing custom tests for llvm-test
8. Running the nightly tester

Written by John T. Criswell, Reid Spencer, and Tanya Lattner

Overview

This document is the reference manual for the LLVM testing infrastructure. It documents the structure of the LLVM testing infrastructure, the tools needed to use it, and how to add and run tests.

Requirements

In order to use the LLVM testing infrastructure, you will need all of the software required to build LLVM, plus the following:

DejaGNU
  The Feature and Regressions tests are organized and run by DejaGNU.
Expect
  Expect is required by DejaGNU.
tcl
  Tcl is required by DejaGNU.

LLVM testing infrastructure organization

The LLVM testing infrastructure contains two major categories of tests: code fragments and whole programs. Code fragments are referred to as the "DejaGNU tests" and are in the `llvm` module in subversion under the `llvm/test` directory. The whole programs tests are referred to as the "Test suite" and are in the `test-suite` module in subversion.

DejaGNU tests

Code fragments are small pieces of code that test a specific feature of LLVM or trigger a specific bug in LLVM. They are usually written in LLVM assembly language, but can be written in other languages if the test targets a particular language front end (and the appropriate `--with-llvmgcc` options were used at `configure` time of the `llvm` module). These tests are driven by the DejaGNU testing framework, which is hidden behind a few simple makefiles.

These code fragments are not complete programs. The code generated from them is never executed to determine correct behavior.

These code fragment tests are located in the `llvm/test` directory.

Typically when a bug is found in LLVM, a regression test containing just enough code to reproduce the problem should be written and placed somewhere underneath this directory. In most cases, this will be a small piece of LLVM assembly language code, often distilled from an actual application or benchmark.

Test suite

The test suite contains whole programs, which are pieces of code which can be compiled and linked into a stand-alone program that can be executed. These programs are generally written in high level languages such as C or C++, but sometimes they are written straight in LLVM assembly.

These programs are compiled and then executed using several different methods (native compiler, LLVM C backend, LLVM JIT, LLVM native code generation, etc). The output of these programs is compared to ensure that LLVM is compiling the program correctly.

In addition to compiling and executing programs, whole program tests serve as a way of benchmarking LLVM performance, both in terms of the efficiency of the programs generated as well as the speed with which LLVM compiles, optimizes, and generates code.

The test-suite is located in the `test-suite` Subversion module.

Quick start

The tests are located in two separate Subversion modules. The DejaGNU tests are in the main "llvm" module under the directory `llvm/test` (so you get these tests for free with the main llvm tree). The more comprehensive test suite that includes whole programs in C and C++ is in the `test-suite` module. This module should be checked out to the `llvm/projects` directory (don't use another name then the default "test-suite", for then the test suite will be run every time you run `make` in the main `llvm` directory). When you `configure` the `llvm` module, the `test-suite` directory will be automatically configured. Alternatively, you can configure the `test-suite` module manually.

DejaGNU tests

To run all of the simple tests in LLVM using DejaGNU, use the master Makefile in the `llvm/test` directory:

    % gmake -C llvm/test

or

    % gmake check

To run only a subdirectory of tests in `llvm/test` using DejaGNU (ie. Transforms), just set the TESTSUITE variable to the path of the subdirectory (relative to `llvm/test`):

    % gmake TESTSUITE=Transforms check

Note: If you are running the tests with `objdir != subdir`, you must have run the complete testsuite before you can specify a subdirectory.

To run only a single test, set `TESTONE` to its path (relative to `llvm/test`) and make the `check-one` target:

    % gmake TESTONE=Feature/basictest.ll check-one

To run the tests with Valgrind (Memcheck by default), just append `VG=1` to the commands above, e.g.:

    % gmake check VG=1

Test suite

To run the comprehensive test suite (tests that compile and execute whole programs), first checkout and setup the `test-suite` module:

    % cd llvm/projects
    % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite
    % cd ..
    % ./configure --with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR

where `$LLVM_GCC_DIR` is the directory where you installed llvm-gcc, not it's src or obj dir. The `--with-llvmgccdir` option assumes that the `llvm-gcc-4.2` module was configured with `--program-prefix=llvm-`, and therefore that the C and C++ compiler drivers are called `llvm-gcc` and `llvm-g++` respectively. If this is not the case, use `--with-llvmgcc`/`--with-llvmgxx` to specify each executable's location.

Then, run the entire test suite by running make in the `test-suite` directory:

    % cd projects/test-suite
    % gmake

Usually, running the "nightly" set of tests is a good idea, and you can also let it generate a report by running:

    % cd projects/test-suite
    % gmake TEST=nightly report report.html

Any of the above commands can also be run in a subdirectory of `projects/test-suite` to run the specified test only on the programs in that subdirectory.

DejaGNU structure

The LLVM DejaGNU tests are driven by DejaGNU together with GNU Make and are located in the `llvm/test` directory.

This directory contains a large array of small tests that exercise various features of LLVM and to ensure that regressions do not occur. The directory is broken into several sub-directories, each focused on a particular area of LLVM. A few of the important ones are:

- `Analysis`: checks Analysis passes.
- `Archive`: checks the Archive library.
- `Assembler`: checks Assembly reader/writer functionality.
- `Bitcode`: checks Bitcode reader/writer functionality.
- `CodeGen`: checks code generation and each target.
- `Features`: checks various features of the LLVM language.
- `Linker`: tests bitcode linking.
- `Transforms`: tests each of the scalar, IPO, and utility transforms to ensure they make the right transformations.
- `Verifier`: tests the IR verifier.

Writing new DejaGNU tests

The DejaGNU structure is very simple, but does require some information to be set. This information is gathered via `configure` and is written to a file, `site.exp` in `llvm/test`. The `llvm/test` Makefile does this work for you.

In order for DejaGNU to work, each directory of tests must have a `dg.exp` file. DejaGNU looks for this file to determine how to run the tests. This file is just a Tcl script and it can do anything you want, but we've standardized it for the LLVM regression tests. If you're adding a directory of tests, just copy `dg.exp` from another directory to get running. The standard `dg.exp` simply loads a Tcl library (`test/lib/llvm.exp`) and calls the `llvm_runtests` function defined in that library with a list of file names to run. The names are obtained by using Tcl's glob command. Any directory that contains only directories does not need the `dg.exp` file.

The `llvm-runtests` function lookas at each file that is passed to it and gathers any lines together that match "RUN:". This are the "RUN" lines that specify how the test is to be run. So, each test script must contain RUN lines if it is to do anything. If there are no RUN lines, the `llvm-runtests` function will issue an error and the test will fail.

RUN lines are specified in the comments of the test program using the keyword `RUN` followed by a colon, and lastly the command (pipeline) to execute. Together, these lines form the "script" that `llvm-runtests` executes to run the test case. The syntax of the RUN lines is similar to a shell's syntax for pipelines including I/O redirection and variable substitution. However, even though these lines may look like a shell script, they are not. RUN lines are interpreted directly by the Tcl `exec` command. They are never executed by a shell. Consequently the syntax differs from normal shell script syntax in a few ways. You can specify as many RUN lines as needed.

Each RUN line is executed on its own, distinct from other lines unless its last character is `\`. This continuation character causes the RUN line to be concatenated with the next one. In this way you can build up long pipelines of commands without making huge line lengths. The lines ending in `\` are concatenated until a RUN line that doesn't end in `\` is found. This concatenated set of RUN lines then constitutes one execution. Tcl will substitute variables and arrange for the pipeline to be executed. If any process in the pipeline fails, the entire line (and test case) fails too.

Below is an example of legal RUN lines in a `.ll` file:

    ; RUN: llvm-as < %s | llvm-dis > %t1
    ; RUN: llvm-dis < %s.bc-13 > %t2
    ; RUN: diff %t1 %t2

As with a Unix shell, the RUN: lines permit pipelines and I/O redirection to be used. However, the usage is slightly different than for Bash. To check what's legal, see the documentation for the Tcl exec command and the tutorial. The major differences are:

- You can't do `2>&1`. That will cause Tcl to write to a file named `&1`. Usually this is done to get stderr to go through a pipe. You can do that in tcl with `|&` so replace this idiom: `... 2>&1 | grep` with `... |& grep`
- You can only redirect to a file, not to another descriptor and not from a here document.
- tcl supports redirecting to open files with the @ syntax but you shouldn't use that here.

There are some quoting rules that you must pay attention to when writing your RUN lines. In general nothing needs to be quoted. Tcl won't strip off any ' or " so they will get passed to the invoked program. For example:

    ... | grep 'find this string'

This will fail because the ' characters are passed to grep. This would instruction grep to look for `'find` in the files `this` and `string'`. To avoid this use curly braces to tell Tcl that it should treat everything enclosed as one value. So our example would become:

    ... | grep {find this string}

Additionally, the characters `[` and `]` are treated specially by Tcl. They tell Tcl to interpret the content as a command to execute. Since these characters are often used in regular expressions this can have disastrous results and cause the entire test run in a directory to fail. For example, a common idiom is to look for some basicblock number:

    ... | grep bb[2-8]

This, however, will cause Tcl to fail because its going to try to execute a program named "2-8". Instead, what you want is this:

    ... | grep {bb\[2-8\]}

Finally, if you need to pass the `\` character down to a program, then it must be doubled. This is another Tcl special character. So, suppose you had:

    ... | grep 'i32\*'

This will fail to match what you want (a pointer to i32). First, the `'` do not get stripped off. Second, the `\` gets stripped off by Tcl so what grep sees is: `'i32*'`. That's not likely to match anything. To resolve this you must use `\\` and the `{}`, like this:

    ... | grep {i32\\*}

If your system includes GNU `grep`, make sure that `GREP_OPTIONS` is not set in your environment. Otherwise, you may get invalid results (both false positives and false negatives).

The FileCheck utility

A powerful feature of the RUN: lines is that it allows any arbitrary commands to be executed as part of the test harness. While standard (portable) unix tools like 'grep' work fine on run lines, as you see above, there are a lot of caveats due to interaction with Tcl syntax, and we want to make sure the run lines are portable to a wide range of systems. Another major problem is that grep is not very good at checking to verify that the output of a tools contains a series of different output in a specific order. The FileCheck tool was designed to help with these problems.

FileCheck (whose basic command line arguments are described in the FileCheck man page is designed to read a file to check from standard input, and the set of things to verify from a file specified as a command line argument. A simple example of using FileCheck from a RUN line looks like this:

    ; RUN: llvm-as < %s | llc -march=x86-64 | FileCheck %s

This syntax says to pipe the current file ("%s") into llvm-as, pipe that into llc, then pipe the output of llc into FileCheck. This means that FileCheck will be verifying its standard input (the llc output) against the filename argument specified (the original .ll file specified by "%s"). To see how this works, lets look at the rest of the .ll file (after the RUN line):

    define void @sub1(i32* %p, i32 %v) {
    entry:
    ; CHECK: sub1:
    ; CHECK: subl
            %0 = tail call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32(i32* %p, i32 %v)
            ret void
    }

    define void @inc4(i64* %p) {
    entry:
    ; CHECK: inc4:
    ; CHECK: incq
            %0 = tail call i64 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i64.p0i64(i64* %p, i64 1)
            ret void
    }

Here you can see some "CHECK:" lines specified in comments. Now you can see how the file is piped into llvm-as, then llc, and the machine code output is what we are verifying. FileCheck checks the machine code output to verify that it matches what the "CHECK:" lines specify.

The syntax of the CHECK: lines is very simple: they are fixed strings that must occur in order. FileCheck defaults to ignoring horizontal whitespace differences (e.g. a space is allowed to match a tab) but otherwise, the contents of the CHECK: line is required to match some thing in the test file exactly.

One nice thing about FileCheck (compared to grep) is that it allows merging test cases together into logical groups. For example, because the test above is checking for the "sub1:" and "inc4:" labels, it will not match unless there is a "subl" in between those labels. If it existed somewhere else in the file, that would not count: "grep subl" matches if subl exists anywhere in the file.

The FileCheck -check-prefix option

The FileCheck -check-prefix option allows multiple test configurations to be driven from one .ll file. This is useful in many circumstances, for example, testing different architectural variants with llc. Here's a simple example:

    ; RUN: llvm-as < %s | llc -mtriple=i686-apple-darwin9 -mattr=sse41 \
    ; RUN:              | FileCheck %s -check-prefix=X32
    ; RUN: llvm-as < %s | llc -mtriple=x86_64-apple-darwin9 -mattr=sse41 \
    ; RUN:              | FileCheck %s -check-prefix=X64

    define <4 x i32> @pinsrd_1(i32 %s, <4 x i32> %tmp) nounwind {
            %tmp1 = insertelement <4 x i32> %tmp, i32 %s, i32 1
            ret <4 x i32> %tmp1
    ; X32: pinsrd_1:
    ; X32:    pinsrd $1, 4(%esp), %xmm0

    ; X64: pinsrd_1:
    ; X64:    pinsrd $1, %edi, %xmm0
    }

In this case, we're testing that we get the expected code generation with both 32-bit and 64-bit code generation.

The "CHECK-NEXT:" directive

Sometimes you want to match lines and would like to verify that matches happen on exactly consequtive lines with no other lines in between them. In this case, you can use CHECK: and CHECK-NEXT: directives to specify this. If you specified a custom check prefix, just use "<PREFIX>-NEXT:". For example, something like this works as you'd expect:

    define void @t2(<2 x double>* %r, <2 x double>* %A, double %B) {
    	%tmp3 = load <2 x double>* %A, align 16
    	%tmp7 = insertelement <2 x double> undef, double %B, i32 0
    	%tmp9 = shufflevector <2 x double> %tmp3,
                                  <2 x double> %tmp7,
                                  <2 x i32> < i32 0, i32 2 >
    	store <2 x double> %tmp9, <2 x double>* %r, align 16
    	ret void

    ; CHECK: t2:
    ; CHECK: 	movl	8(%esp), %eax
    ; CHECK-NEXT: 	movapd	(%eax), %xmm0
    ; CHECK-NEXT: 	movhpd	12(%esp), %xmm0
    ; CHECK-NEXT: 	movl	4(%esp), %eax
    ; CHECK-NEXT: 	movapd	%xmm0, (%eax)
    ; CHECK-NEXT: 	ret
    }

CHECK-NEXT: directives reject the input unless there is exactly one newline between it an the previous directive. A CHECK-NEXT cannot be the first directive in a file.

The "CHECK-NOT:" directive

The CHECK-NOT: directive is used to verify that a string doesn't occur between two matches (or the first match and the beginning of the file). For example, to verify that a load is removed by a transformation, a test like this can be used:

    define i8 @coerce_offset0(i32 %V, i32* %P) {
      store i32 %V, i32* %P

      %P2 = bitcast i32* %P to i8*
      %P3 = getelementptr i8* %P2, i32 2

      %A = load i8* %P3
      ret i8 %A
    ; CHECK: @coerce_offset0
    ; CHECK-NOT: load
    ; CHECK: ret i8
    }

FileCheck Pattern Matching Syntax

The CHECK: and CHECK-NOT: directives both take a pattern to match. For most uses of FileCheck, fixed string matching is perfectly sufficient. For some things, a more flexible form of matching is desired. To support this, FileCheck allows you to specify regular expressions in matching strings, surrounded by double braces: {{yourregex}}. Because we want to use fixed string matching for a majority of what we do, FileCheck has been designed to support mixing and matching fixed string matching with regular expressions. This allows you to write things like this:

    ; CHECK: movhpd	{{[0-9]+}}(%esp), {{%xmm[0-7]}}

In this case, any offset from the ESP register will be allowed, and any xmm register will be allowed.

Because regular expressions are enclosed with double braces, they are visually distinct, and you don't need to use escape characters within the double braces like you would in C. In the rare case that you want to match double braces explicitly from the input, you can use something ugly like {{[{][{]}} as your pattern.

FileCheck Variables

It is often useful to match a pattern and then verify that it occurs again later in the file. For codegen tests, this can be useful to allow any register, but verify that that register is used consistently later. To do this, FileCheck allows named variables to be defined and substituted into patterns. Here is a simple example:

    ; CHECK: test5:
    ; CHECK:    notw	[[REGISTER:%[a-z]+]]
    ; CHECK:    andw	{{.*}}[[REGISTER]]

The first check line matches a regex (`%[a-z]+`) and captures it into the variables "REGISTER". The second line verifies that whatever is in REGISTER occurs later in the file after an "andw". FileCheck variable references are always contained in `[[ ]]` pairs, are named, and their names can be formed with the regex "`[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*`". If a colon follows the name, then it is a definition of the variable, if not, it is a use.

FileCheck variables can be defined multiple times, and uses always get the latest value. Note that variables are all read at the start of a "CHECK" line and are all defined at the end. This means that if you have something like "`CHECK: [[XYZ:.*]]x[[XYZ]]`" that the check line will read the previous value of the XYZ variable and define a new one after the match is performed. If you need to do something like this you can probably take advantage of the fact that FileCheck is not actually line-oriented when it matches, this allows you to define two separate CHECK lines that match on the same line.

Variables and substitutions

With a RUN line there are a number of substitutions that are permitted. In general, any Tcl variable that is available in the `substitute` function (in `test/lib/llvm.exp`) can be substituted into a RUN line. To make a substitution just write the variable's name preceded by a $. Additionally, for compatibility reasons with previous versions of the test library, certain names can be accessed with an alternate syntax: a % prefix. These alternates are deprecated and may go away in a future version.

Here are the available variable names. The alternate syntax is listed in parentheses.

$test (%s)
  The full path to the test case's source. This is suitable for passing on the command line as the input to an llvm tool.
$srcdir
  The source directory from where the "`make check`" was run.
objdir
  The object directory that corresponds to the `$srcdir`.
subdir
  A partial path from the `test` directory that contains the sub-directory that contains the test source being executed.
srcroot
  The root directory of the LLVM src tree.
objroot
  The root directory of the LLVM object tree. This could be the same as the srcroot.
path
  The path to the directory that contains the test case source. This is for locating any supporting files that are not generated by the test, but used by the test.
tmp
  The path to a temporary file name that could be used for this test case. The file name won't conflict with other test cases. You can append to it if you need multiple temporaries. This is useful as the destination of some redirected output.
llvmlibsdir (%llvmlibsdir)
  The directory where the LLVM libraries are located.
target_triplet (%target_triplet)
  The target triplet that corresponds to the current host machine (the one running the test cases). This should probably be called "host".
llvmgcc (%llvmgcc)
  The full path to the `llvm-gcc` executable as specified in the configured LLVM environment
llvmgxx (%llvmgxx)
  The full path to the `llvm-gxx` executable as specified in the configured LLVM environment
gccpath
  The full path to the C compiler used to build LLVM. Note that this might not be gcc.
gxxpath
  The full path to the C++ compiler used to build LLVM. Note that this might not be g++.
compile_c (%compile_c)
  The full command line used to compile LLVM C source code. This has all the configured -I, -D and optimization options.
compile_cxx (%compile_cxx)
  The full command used to compile LLVM C++ source code. This has all the configured -I, -D and optimization options.
link (%link)
  This full link command used to link LLVM executables. This has all the configured -I, -L and -l options.
shlibext (%shlibext)
  The suffix for the host platforms share library (dll) files. This includes the period as the first character.

To add more variables, two things need to be changed. First, add a line in the `test/Makefile` that creates the `site.exp` file. This will "set" the variable as a global in the site.exp file. Second, in the `test/lib/llvm.exp` file, in the substitute proc, add the variable name to the list of "global" declarations at the beginning of the proc. That's it, the variable can then be used in test scripts.

Other Features

To make RUN line writing easier, there are several shell scripts located in the `llvm/test/Scripts` directory. This directory is in the PATH when running tests, so you can just call these scripts using their name. For example:

ignore
  This script runs its arguments and then always returns 0. This is useful in cases where the test needs to cause a tool to generate an error (e.g. to check the error output). However, any program in a pipeline that returns a non-zero result will cause the test to fail. This script overcomes that issue and nicely documents that the test case is purposefully ignoring the result code of the tool
not
  This script runs its arguments and then inverts the result code from it. Zero result codes become 1. Non-zero result codes become 0. This is useful to invert the result of a grep. For example "not grep X" means succeed only if you don't find X in the input.

Sometimes it is necessary to mark a test case as "expected fail" or XFAIL. You can easily mark a test as XFAIL just by including `XFAIL:` on a line near the top of the file. This signals that the test case should succeed if the test fails. Such test cases are counted separately by DejaGnu. To specify an expected fail, use the XFAIL keyword in the comments of the test program followed by a colon and one or more regular expressions (separated by a comma). The regular expressions allow you to XFAIL the test conditionally by host platform. The regular expressions following the : are matched against the target triplet for the host machine. If there is a match, the test is expected to fail. If not, the test is expected to succeed. To XFAIL everywhere just specify `XFAIL: *`. Here is an example of an `XFAIL` line:

    ; XFAIL: darwin,sun

To make the output more useful, the `llvm_runtest` function wil scan the lines of the test case for ones that contain a pattern that matches PR[0-9]+. This is the syntax for specifying a PR (Problem Report) number that is related to the test case. The number after "PR" specifies the LLVM bugzilla number. When a PR number is specified, it will be used in the pass/fail reporting. This is useful to quickly get some context when a test fails.

Finally, any line that contains "END." will cause the special interpretation of lines to terminate. This is generally done right after the last RUN: line. This has two side effects: (a) it prevents special interpretation of lines that are part of the test program, not the instructions to the test case, and (b) it speeds things up for really big test cases by avoiding interpretation of the remainder of the file.

Test suite Structure

The `test-suite` module contains a number of programs that can be compiled with LLVM and executed. These programs are compiled using the native compiler and various LLVM backends. The output from the program compiled with the native compiler is assumed correct; the results from the other programs are compared to the native program output and pass if they match.

When executing tests, it is usually a good idea to start out with a subset of the available tests or programs. This makes test run times smaller at first and later on this is useful to investigate individual test failures. To run some test only on a subset of programs, simply change directory to the programs you want tested and run `gmake` there. Alternatively, you can run a different test using the `TEST` variable to change what tests or run on the selected programs (see below for more info).

In addition for testing correctness, the `llvm-test` directory also performs timing tests of various LLVM optimizations. It also records compilation times for the compilers and the JIT. This information can be used to compare the effectiveness of LLVM's optimizations and code generation.

`llvm-test` tests are divided into three types of tests: MultiSource, SingleSource, and External.

- `llvm-test/SingleSource`

  The SingleSource directory contains test programs that are only a single source file in size. These are usually small benchmark programs or small programs that calculate a particular value. Several such programs are grouped together in each directory.

- `llvm-test/MultiSource`

  The MultiSource directory contains subdirectories which contain entire programs with multiple source files. Large benchmarks and whole applications go here.

- `llvm-test/External`

  The External directory contains Makefiles for building code that is external to (i.e., not distributed with) LLVM. The most prominent members of this directory are the SPEC 95 and SPEC 2000 benchmark suites. The `External` directory does not contain these actual tests, but only the Makefiles that know how to properly compile these programs from somewhere else. The presence and location of these external programs is configured by the llvm-test `configure` script.

Each tree is then subdivided into several categories, including applications, benchmarks, regression tests, code that is strange grammatically, etc. These organizations should be relatively self explanatory.

Some tests are known to fail. Some are bugs that we have not fixed yet; others are features that we haven't added yet (or may never add). In DejaGNU, the result for such tests will be XFAIL (eXpected FAILure). In this way, you can tell the difference between an expected and unexpected failure.

The tests in the test suite have no such feature at this time. If the test passes, only warnings and other miscellaneous output will be generated. If a test fails, a large <program> FAILED message will be displayed. This will help you separate benign warnings from actual test failures.

Running the test suite

First, all tests are executed within the LLVM object directory tree. They are not executed inside of the LLVM source tree. This is because the test suite creates temporary files during execution.

To run the test suite, you need to use the following steps:

1. `cd` into the `llvm/projects` directory in your source tree.

2. Check out the `test-suite` module with:

       % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite

   This will get the test suite into `llvm/projects/test-suite`.

3. Configure and build `llvm`.

4. Configure and build `llvm-gcc`.

5. Install `llvm-gcc` somewhere.

6. Re-configure `llvm` from the top level of each build tree (LLVM object directory tree) in which you want to run the test suite, just as you do before building LLVM.

   During the re-configuration, you must either: (1) have `llvm-gcc` you just built in your path, or (2) specify the directory where your just-built `llvm-gcc` is installed using `--with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR`.

   You must also tell the configure machinery that the test suite is available so it can be configured for your build tree:

       % cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT ; $LLVM_SRC_ROOT/configure [--with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR]

   [Remember that `$LLVM_GCC_DIR` is the directory where you installed llvm-gcc, not its src or obj directory.]

7. You can now run the test suite from your build tree as follows:

       % cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT/projects/test-suite
       % make

Note that the second and third steps only need to be done once. After you have the suite checked out and configured, you don't need to do it again (unless the test code or configure script changes).

Configuring External Tests

In order to run the External tests in the `test-suite` module, you must specify --with-externals. This must be done during the re-configuration step (see above), and the `llvm` re-configuration must recognize the previously-built `llvm-gcc`. If any of these is missing or neglected, the External tests won't work.

--with-externals
--with-externals=<`directory`>

This tells LLVM where to find any external tests. They are expected to be in specifically named subdirectories of <`directory`>. If `directory` is left unspecified, `configure` uses the default value `/home/vadve/shared/benchmarks/speccpu2000/benchspec`. Subdirectory names known to LLVM include:

spec95
speccpu2000
speccpu2006
povray31

Others are added from time to time, and can be determined from `configure`.
Running different tests

In addition to the regular "whole program" tests, the `test-suite` module also provides a mechanism for compiling the programs in different ways. If the variable TEST is defined on the `gmake` command line, the test system will include a Makefile named `TEST.<value of TEST variable>.Makefile`. This Makefile can modify build rules to yield different results.

For example, the LLVM nightly tester uses `TEST.nightly.Makefile` to create the nightly test reports. To run the nightly tests, run `gmake TEST=nightly`.

There are several TEST Makefiles available in the tree. Some of them are designed for internal LLVM research and will not work outside of the LLVM research group. They may still be valuable, however, as a guide to writing your own TEST Makefile for any optimization or analysis passes that you develop with LLVM.

Generating test output

There are a number of ways to run the tests and generate output. The most simple one is simply running `gmake` with no arguments. This will compile and run all programs in the tree using a number of different methods and compare results. Any failures are reported in the output, but are likely drowned in the other output. Passes are not reported explicitely.

Somewhat better is running `gmake TEST=sometest test`, which runs the specified test and usually adds per-program summaries to the output (depending on which sometest you use). For example, the `nightly` test explicitely outputs TEST-PASS or TEST-FAIL for every test after each program. Though these lines are still drowned in the output, it's easy to grep the output logs in the Output directories.

Even better are the `report` and `report.format` targets (where `format` is one of `html`, `csv`, `text` or `graphs`). The exact contents of the report are dependent on which `TEST` you are running, but the text results are always shown at the end of the run and the results are always stored in the `report.<type>.format` file (when running with `TEST=<type>`). The `report` also generate a file called `report.<type>.raw.out` containing the output of the entire test run.

Writing custom tests for the test suite

Assuming you can run the test suite, (e.g. "`gmake TEST=nightly report`" should work), it is really easy to run optimizations or code generator components against every program in the tree, collecting statistics or running custom checks for correctness. At base, this is how the nightly tester works, it's just one example of a general framework.

Lets say that you have an LLVM optimization pass, and you want to see how many times it triggers. First thing you should do is add an LLVM statistic to your pass, which will tally counts of things you care about.

Following this, you can set up a test and a report that collects these and formats them for easy viewing. This consists of two files, an "`test-suite/TEST.XXX.Makefile`" fragment (where XXX is the name of your test) and an "`llvm-test/TEST.XXX.report`" file that indicates how to format the output into a table. There are many example reports of various levels of sophistication included with the test suite, and the framework is very general.

If you are interested in testing an optimization pass, check out the "libcalls" test as an example. It can be run like this:

    % cd llvm/projects/test-suite/MultiSource/Benchmarks  # or some other level
    % make TEST=libcalls report

This will do a bunch of stuff, then eventually print a table like this:

    Name                                  | total | #exit |
    ...
    FreeBench/analyzer/analyzer           | 51    | 6     |
    FreeBench/fourinarow/fourinarow       | 1     | 1     |
    FreeBench/neural/neural               | 19    | 9     |
    FreeBench/pifft/pifft                 | 5     | 3     |
    MallocBench/cfrac/cfrac               | 1     | *     |
    MallocBench/espresso/espresso         | 52    | 12    |
    MallocBench/gs/gs                     | 4     | *     |
    Prolangs-C/TimberWolfMC/timberwolfmc  | 302   | *     |
    Prolangs-C/agrep/agrep                | 33    | 12    |
    Prolangs-C/allroots/allroots          | *     | *     |
    Prolangs-C/assembler/assembler        | 47    | *     |
    Prolangs-C/bison/mybison              | 74    | *     |
    ...

This basically is grepping the -stats output and displaying it in a table. You can also use the "TEST=libcalls report.html" target to get the table in HTML form, similarly for report.csv and report.tex.

The source for this is in test-suite/TEST.libcalls.*. The format is pretty simple: the Makefile indicates how to run the test (in this case, "`opt -simplify-libcalls -stats`"), and the report contains one line for each column of the output. The first value is the header for the column and the second is the regex to grep the output of the command for. There are lots of example reports that can do fancy stuff.

Running the nightly tester

The LLVM Nightly Testers automatically check out an LLVM tree, build it, run the "nightly" program test (described above), run all of the DejaGNU tests, delete the checked out tree, and then submit the results to http://llvm.org/nightlytest/. After test results are submitted to http://llvm.org/nightlytest/, they are processed and displayed on the tests page. An email to llvm-testresults@cs.uiuc.edu summarizing the results is also generated. This testing scheme is designed to ensure that programs don't break as well as keep track of LLVM's progress over time.

If you'd like to set up an instance of the nightly tester to run on your machine, take a look at the comments at the top of the `utils/NewNightlyTest.pl` file. If you decide to set up a nightly tester please choose a unique nickname and invoke `utils/NewNightlyTest.pl` with the "-nickname [yournickname]" command line option.

You can create a shell script to encapsulate the running of the script. The optimized x86 Linux nightly test is run from just such a script:

    #!/bin/bash
    BASE=/proj/work/llvm/nightlytest
    export BUILDDIR=$BASE/build
    export WEBDIR=$BASE/testresults
    export LLVMGCCDIR=/proj/work/llvm/cfrontend/install
    export PATH=/proj/install/bin:$LLVMGCCDIR/bin:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/proj/install/lib
    cd $BASE
    cp /proj/work/llvm/llvm/utils/NewNightlyTest.pl .
    nice ./NewNightlyTest.pl -nice -release -verbose -parallel -enable-linscan \
       -nickname NightlyTester -noexternals > output.log 2>&1

It is also possible to specify the the location your nightly test results are submitted. You can do this by passing the command line option "-submit-server [server_address]" and "-submit-script [script_on_server]" to `utils/NewNightlyTest.pl`. For example, to submit to the llvm.org nightly test results page, you would invoke the nightly test script with "-submit-server llvm.org -submit-script /nightlytest/NightlyTestAccept.cgi". If these options are not specified, the nightly test script sends the results to the llvm.org nightly test results page.

Take a look at the `NewNightlyTest.pl` file to see what all of the flags and strings do. If you start running the nightly tests, please let us know. Thanks!