% Reference Card for GNU Emacs Calc 2.02
%**start of header
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% The format for this file is adapted from the GNU Emacs reference
% card version 1.9, by Stephen Gildea.

% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
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% a landscape layout.

\input pdflayout.sty
\pdflayout=(1l)

% Nothing else needs to be changed.
% Typical command to format:  tex calccard.tex
% Typical command to print (3 cols):  dvips -t landscape calccard.dvi

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%   2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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%    For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
%
% Author (Calc reference card):
%  Dave Gillespie
%  UUCP: uunet!synaptx!daveg
%  Internet: daveg@synaptics.com
%
% Author (refcard.tex format):
%  Stephen Gildea
%  UUCP: mit-erl!gildea
%  Internet: gildea@stop.mail-abuse.org

\def\emacsversionnumber{23}
\def\year{2012}                 % latest copyright year

\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
  \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  Permissions on back.}}

\def\copyrightnotice{
\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
\centerline{designed by Dave Gillespie and Stephen Gildea,}
\centerline{for GNU Emacs Calc.}

Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of
this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

%For copies of the GNU Emacs Calc manual, write to the Free Software
%Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
%MA 02110-1301, USA.
%
\endgroup}

% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
% can be scanned without complaint.
\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}

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\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}

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\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}

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% October 1986.
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\fi

% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
% we might want to talk about
\catcode`\^=12
\catcode`\_=12

\chardef\\=`\\
\chardef\{=`\{
\chardef\}=`\}

\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}

\parindent 0pt
\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex

\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}

\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}

\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}

\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
  \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
  \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}

\newdimen\keyindent

\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
\endindentedkeys

\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}

\def\<#1>{$\langle${\rm #1}$\rangle$}

\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null}	%\null so not an abbrev even if period follows

\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
  \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
\def\endexample{\endgroup}

\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
  {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
  \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}

\newbox\metaxbox
\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
\newdimen\metaxwidth
\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox

\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
  {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
  \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
  \kbd{#2}\hfil}}

\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\quad
  &\kbd{#3}\quad\cr}

%
% Calc-specific commands here:
%

\let\^=^
\let\_=_
\catcode`\^=7
\catcode`\_=8

% Redefine to make spaces a bit smaller
\let\wkbd=\kbd
\def\kbd#1{{\spaceskip=.37em\tt#1}\null}

\def\wkey#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
  {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
  \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\wkbd{#2}\hfil}}
\def\wthreecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\wkbd{#2}\quad
  &\wkbd{#3}\quad\cr}

\def\stkkey#1#2#3#4{\par\line{\hskip1em\rlap{\kbd{#1}}\hskip4.5em%
  \rlap{{#2}}\hskip7.5em\rlap{{#3}}\hskip7.5em\rlap{{#4}}\hfill}\par}
\def\S#1{$S_{\scriptscriptstyle #1}$}
\def\swap{$\leftrightarrow$}

\def\calcprefix{C-x *\ }
\def\,{{\rm ,\hskip.55em}\ignorespaces}
\def\lesssectionskip{\vskip-1.5ex}

\def\iline#1{\par\line{\hskip1em\relax #1\hfill}\par}

\if 1\ncolumns
\else
  \font\eighti=cmmi8
  \textfont1=\eighti
\fi

%**end of header


% Column 1

\title{GNU Calc Reference Card}

\centerline{(for GNU Emacs version \emacsversionnumber)}

\section{Starting and Stopping}

\wkey{start/stop standard Calc}{\calcprefix c}
\wkey{start/stop X keypad Calc}{\calcprefix k}
\wkey{\quad start/stop either: \kbd{\calcprefix *}}{}
\wkey{stop standard Calc}{q}

\wkey{Calc tutorial}{\calcprefix t}
\wkey{run Calc in other window}{\calcprefix o}
\wkey{quick calculation in minibuffer}{\calcprefix q}

\section{Getting Help}

\lesssectionskip
The \kbd{h} prefix key is Calc's analogue of \kbd{C-h} in Emacs.

\key{quick summary of keys}{?}
\key{describe key briefly}{h c}
\key{describe key fully}{h k}
\key{describe function or command}{h f}
\key{read on-line manual}{h i{\rm\enskip or\enskip}\calcprefix i}
\key{read full Calc summary}{h s{\rm\enskip or\enskip}\calcprefix s}

\section{Error Recovery}

\key{abort command in progress}{C-g}
\key{display recent error messages}{w}
\key{undo last operation}{U}
\key{redo last operation}{D}
\key{recall last arguments}{M-RET}
\key{edit top of stack}{`}
\wkey{reset Calc to initial state}{\calcprefix 0 {\rm (zero)}}

\section{Transferring Data}

\wkey{grab region from a buffer}{\calcprefix g}
\wkey{grab rectangle from a buffer}{\calcprefix r}
\wkey{grab rectangle, summing columns}{\calcprefix :}
\wkey{grab rectangle, summing rows}{\calcprefix \_}

\wkey{yank data to a buffer}{\calcprefix y}

Also, try \kbd{C-k}/\kbd{C-y} or X cut and paste.

\section{Examples}

\lesssectionskip
In RPN, enter numbers first, separated by \kbd{RET} if necessary,
then type the operator.  To enter a calculation in algebraic form,
press the apostrophe first.

\beginindentedkeys
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt\hfil\quad&#\hfil\cr
\wthreecol{ }{{\bf RPN style:}}{{\bf algebraic style:}}
\wthreecol{Example:}{2 RET 3 +}{' 2+3 RET}
\wthreecol{Example:}{2 RET 3 + 4 *}{' (2+3)*4 RET}
\wthreecol{Example:}{2 RET 3 RET 4 + *}{' 2*(3+4) RET}
\wthreecol{Example:}{3 RET 6 + Q 3 \^}{' sqrt(3+6)\^3 RET}
\wthreecol{Example:}{P 3 / n S}{' sin(-pi/3) RET =}
}
\endindentedkeys

\shortcopyrightnotice

% Column 2

\section{Arithmetic}

\key{add, subtract, multiply, divide}{+\, -\, *\, /}
\key{raise to a power, {\it n\/}th root}{\^\, I \^}
\key{change sign}{n}
\key{reciprocal $1/x$}{\&}
\key{square root $\sqrt x$}{Q}

\key{set precision}{p}
\key{round off last two digits}{c 2}
\key{convert to fraction, float}{c F\, c f}

\wkey{enter using algebraic notation}{' 2+3*4}
\wkey{refer to previous result}{' 3*\$\^2}
\wkey{refer to higher stack entries}{' \$1*\$2\^2}
\key{finish alg entry without evaluating}{LFD}
\key{set mode where alg entry used by default}{m a}

\section{Stack Commands}

\lesssectionskip
Here \S{n} is the $n$th stack entry, and $N$ is the size of the stack.

\vskip.5ex
\stkkey{\it key}{\it no prefix}{\it prefix $n$}{\it prefix $-n$}
\stkkey{RET}{copy \S{1}}{copy \S{1..n}}{copy \S{n}}
\stkkey{LFD}{copy \S{2}}{copy \S{n}}{copy \S{1..n}}
\stkkey{DEL}{delete \S{1}}{delete \S{1..n}}{delete \S{n}}
\stkkey{M-DEL}{delete \S{2}}{delete \S{n}}{delete \S{1..n}}
\stkkey{TAB}{swap \S{1}\swap\S{2}}{roll \S{1} to \S{n}}{roll \S{n} to \S{N}}
\stkkey{M-TAB}{roll \S{3} to \S{1}}{roll \S{n} to \S{1}}{roll \S{N} to \S{n}}

With a 0 prefix, these copy, delete, or reverse the entire stack.

\section{Display}

\wkey{scroll horizontally, vertically}{< >\, \{ \}}
\key{home cursor}{o}
\key{line numbers on/off}{d l}
\key{trail display on/off}{t d}

\key{scientific notation}{d s}
\key{fixed-point notation}{d f}
\key{floating-point (normal) notation}{d n}
\key{group digits with commas}{d g}

For display mode commands, \kbd{H} prefix prevents screen redraw
and \kbd{I} prefix temporarily redraws top of stack.

\section{Notations}

\wkey{scientific notation}{6.02e23}
\wkey{minus sign in numeric entry}{\_23{\rm\quad or\quad}23 n}
\wkey{fractions}{3:4}
\wkey{complex numbers}{({\it x}, {\it y})}
\wkey{polar complex numbers}{({\it r}; $\theta$)}
\wkey{vectors (commas optional)}{[1, 2, 3]}
\wkey{matrices (or nested vectors)}{[1, 2; 3, 4]}
\wkey{error forms (\kbd{p} key)}{100 +/- 0.5}
\wkey{interval forms}{[2 ..\ 5)}
\wkey{modulo forms (\kbd{M} key)}{6 mod 24}
\wkey{HMS forms}{5@ 30' 0"}
\wkey{date forms}{<Jul 4, 1992>}
\wkey{infinity, indeterminate}{inf\, nan}

% Column 3

\section{Scientific Functions}

\key{ln, log${}_{\scriptscriptstyle 10}$, log${}_b$}{L\, H L\, B}
\key{exponential {\it e}${}^x$, 10${}^x$}{E\, H E}
\key{sin, cos, tan}{S\, C\, T}
\key{arcsin, arccos, arctan}{I S\, I C\, I T}
\key{inverse, hyperbolic prefix keys}{I\, H}
\key{two-argument arctan}{f T}
\key{degrees, radians modes}{m d\, m r}
\key{pi ($\pi$)}{P}

\key{factorial, double factorial}{!\, k d}
\key{combinations, permutations}{k c\, H k c}
\key{prime factorization}{k f}
\key{next prime, previous prime}{k n\, I k n}
\key{GCD, LCM}{k g\, k l}
\key{random number, shuffle}{k r\, k h}
\key{minimum, maximum}{f n\, f x}

\key{error functions erf, erfc}{f e\, I f e}
\key{gamma, beta functions}{f g\, f b}
\key{incomplete gamma, beta functions}{f G\, f B}
\key{Bessel $J_\nu$, $Y_\nu$ functions}{f j\, f y}

\key{complex magnitude, arg, conjugate}{A\, G\, J}
\key{real, imaginary parts}{f r\, f i}
\key{convert polar/rectangular}{c p}

\section{Financial Functions}

\key{enter percentage}{M-\%}
\key{convert to percentage}{c \%}
\key{percentage change}{b \%}

\key{present value}{b P}
\key{future value}{b F}
\key{rate of return}{b T}
\key{number of payments}{b \#}
\key{size of payments}{b M}
\key{net present value, int.\ rate of return}{b N\, b I}

Above computations assume payments at end of period.  Use \kbd{I}
prefix for beginning of period, or \kbd{H} for a lump sum investment.

\key{straight-line depreciation}{b S}
\key{sum-of-years'-digits}{b Y}
\key{double declining balance}{b D}

\section{Units}

\wkey{enter with units}{' 55 mi/hr}
\key{convert to new units, base units}{u c\, u b}
\key{convert temperature units}{u t}
\key{simplify units expression}{u s}
\key{view units table}{u v}

Common units:
\iline{distance: \kbd{m}, \kbd{cm}, \kbd{mm}, \kbd{km};
  \kbd{in}, \kbd{ft}, \kbd{mi}, \kbd{mfi};
  \kbd{point}, \kbd{lyr}}
\iline{volume: \kbd{l} or \kbd{L}, \kbd{ml};
  \kbd{gal}, \kbd{qt}, \kbd{pt}, \kbd{cup}, \kbd{floz},
  \kbd{tbsp}, \kbd{tsp}}
\iline{mass: \kbd{g}, \kbd{mg}, \kbd{kg}, \kbd{t};
  \kbd{lb}, \kbd{oz}, \kbd{ton}}
\iline{time: \kbd{s} or \kbd{sec}, \kbd{ms}, \kbd{us}, \kbd{ns}, \kbd{min},
  \kbd{hr}, \kbd{day}, \kbd{wk}}
\iline{temperature: \kbd{degC}, \kbd{degF}, \kbd{K}}

% Column 4

\newcolumn
\title{GNU Calc Reference Card}

\section{Programmer's Functions}

\key{binary, octal, hex display}{d 2\, d 8\, d 6}
\key{decimal, other radix display}{d 0\, d r}
\key{display leading zeros}{d z}
\key{entering non-decimal numbers}{16\#7FFF}

\key{binary word size}{b w}
\key{binary AND, OR, XOR}{b a\, b o\, b x}
\key{binary DIFF, NOT}{b d\, b n}
\key{left shift}{b l}
\key{logical right shift}{b r}
\key{arithmetic right shift}{b R}

\key{integer quotient, remainder}{\\\, \%}
\key{integer square root, logarithm}{f Q\, f I}
\key{floor, ceiling, round to integer}{F\, I F\, R}

\section{Variables}

\lesssectionskip
Variable names are single digits or whole words.

\key{store to variable}{s t}
\key{store and keep on stack}{s s}
\key{recall from variable}{s r}
\key{shorthands for digit variables}{t {\it n}\, s {\it n}\, r {\it n}}
\key{unstore, exchange variable}{s u\, s x}
\key{edit variable}{s e}

\section{Vector Operations}

\key{vector of 1, 2, $\ldots\mskip\thinmuskip$, {\it n}}{v x {\it n}}
\key{vector of {\it n} counts from {\it a} by {\it b}}{C-u v x}
\key{vector of copies of a value}{v b}
\key{concatenate into vector}{|}
\key{pack many stack items into vector}{v p}
\key{unpack vector or object}{v u}

\key{length of vector (list)}{v l}
\key{reverse vector}{v v}
\key{sort, grade vector}{V S\, V G}
\key{histogram of vector data}{V H}
\key{extract vector element}{v r}

\key{matrix determinant, inverse}{V D\, \&}
\key{matrix transpose, trace}{v t\, V T}
\key{cross, dot products}{V C\, *}
\key{identity matrix}{v i}
\key{extract matrix row, column}{v r\, v c}

\key{intersection, union, diff of sets}{V \^\, V V\, V -}
\key{cardinality of set}{V \#}

\key{add vectors elementwise (i.e., map \kbd{+})}{V M +}
\key{sum elements in vector (i.e., reduce \kbd{+})}{V R +}
\key{sum rows in matrix}{V R \_ +}
\key{sum columns in matrix}{V R : +}
\key{sum elements, accumulate results}{V U +}

% Column 5

\section{Algebra}

\wkey{enter an algebraic formula}{' 2x+3y\^2}
\wkey{enter an equation}{' 2x\^2=18}

\key{symbolic (vs.\ numeric) mode}{m s}
\key{fractions (vs.\ float) mode}{m f}
\key{suppress evaluation of formulas}{m O}
\key{simplify formulas automatically}{m S}
\key{return to default evaluation rules}{m D}

\key{``Big'' display mode}{d B}
\key{C, Pascal, FORTRAN modes}{d C\, d P\, d F}
\key{\TeX, La\TeX, eqn modes}{d T\, d L\, d E}
\key{Maxima}{d X}
\key{Unformatted mode}{d U}
\key{Normal language mode}{d N}

\key{simplify formula}{a s}
\key{put formula into rational form}{a n}
\key{evaluate variables in formula}{=}
\key{evaluate numerically}{N}
\key{let variable equal a value in formula}{s l {\it x\/}={\it val}}
\key{declare properties of variable}{s d}
\iline{Common decls: \kbd{pos}, \kbd{int}, \kbd{real},
  \kbd{scalar}, \kbd{[{\it a}..{\it b}\hskip.1em]}.}

\key{expand, collect terms}{a x\, a c}
\key{factor, partial fractions}{a f\, a a}
\key{polynomial quotient, remainder, GCD}{a \\\, a \%\, a g}
\key{derivative, integral}{a d\, a i}
\key{taylor series}{a t}

\key{principal solution to equation(s)}{a S}
\key{list of solutions}{a P}
\key{generic solution}{H a S}
\key{apply function to both sides of eqn}{a M}

\key{rewrite formula}{a r}
\iline{Example: \wkbd{a r a*b + a*c := a*(b+c)}}
\iline{Example: \wkbd{a r sin(x)\^2 := 1-cos(x)\^2}}
\iline{Example: \wkbd{a r cos(n pi) := 1 ::\ integer(n) ::\ n\%2 = 0}}
\iline{Example: \wkbd{a r [f(0) := 1, f(n) := n f(n-1) ::\ n > 0]}}
\iline{Put rules in \kbd{EvalRules} to have them apply automatically.}
\iline{Put rules in \kbd{AlgSimpRules} to apply during \kbd{a s}
  command.}
\iline{Common markers: \kbd{opt}, \kbd{plain}, \kbd{quote}, \kbd{eval},
  \kbd{let}, \kbd{remember}.}

\section{Numerical Computations}

\key{sum formula over a range}{a +}
\key{product of formula over a range}{a *}
\key{tabulate formula over a range}{a T}
\key{integrate numerically over a range}{a I}
\key{find zero of formula or equation}{a R}
\key{find local min, max of formula}{a N\, a X}
\key{fit data to line or curve}{a F}

\key{mean of data in vector or variable}{u M}
\key{median of data}{H u M}
\key{geometric mean of data}{u G}
\key{sum, product of data}{u +\, u *}
\key{minimum, maximum of data}{u N\, u X}
\key{sample, pop.\ standard deviation}{u S\, I u S}

% Column 6

\section{Selections}

\key{select subformula under cursor}{j s}
\key{select {\it n\/}th subformula}{j {\it n}}
\key{select more}{j m}
\key{unselect this, all formulas}{j u\, j c}

\key{copy indicated subformula}{j RET}
\key{delete indicated subformula}{j DEL}

\key{commute selected terms}{j C}
\key{commute term leftward, rightward}{j L\, j R}
\key{distribute, merge selection}{j D\, j M}
\key{isolate selected term in equation}{j I}
\key{negate, invert term in context}{j N\, j \&}
\key{rewrite selected term}{j r}

\section{Graphics}

\key{graph function or data}{g f}
\key{graph 3D function or data}{g F}
\key{replot current graph}{g p}
\key{print current graph}{g P}
\key{add curve to graph}{g a}
\key{set number of data points}{g N}
\key{set line, point styles}{g s\, g S}
\key{set log vs.\ linear {\it x, y} axis}{g l\, g L}
\key{set range for {\it x, y} axis}{g r\, g R}
\key{close graphics window}{g q}

\section{Programming}

\key{begin, end recording a macro}{C-x (\, C-x )}
\key{replay keyboard macro}{X}
\wkey{read region as written-out macro}{\calcprefix m}
\key{if, else, endif}{Z [\, Z :\, Z ]}
\key{equal to, less than, member of}{a =\, a <\, a \{}
\key{repeat {\it n} times, break from loop}{Z <\, Z >\, Z /}
\key{``for'' loop: start, end; body, step}{Z (\, Z )}
\key{save, restore mode settings}{Z `\, Z '}
\key{query user during macro}{Z \#}
\key{put finished macro on a key}{Z K}

\key{define function with formula}{Z F}
\key{edit definition}{Z E}

\key{record user-defined command permanently}{Z P}
\key{record variable value permanently}{s p}
\key{record mode settings permanently}{m m}

\copyrightnotice

\bye

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