LilyPond Handbuch zum Lernen: A.4 Vokalensemble

## A.4 Vokalensemble

### A.4.1 SATB-Partitur

Dieses Beispiel ist für vierstimmigen Gesang (SATB). Bei größeren Stücken ist es oft sinnvoll, eine allgemeine Variable zu bestimmen, die in allen Stimmen eingefügt wird. Taktart und Vorzeichen etwa sind fast immer gleich in allen Stimmen.

>     \paper {
>       top-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>       score-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       system-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       last-bottom-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>     }

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with {
>           % this is needed for lyrics above a staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>         }
>         \new Staff = "women" <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "altos" {
>             \voiceTwo
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = "altos"
>         \new Lyrics = "tenors" \with {
>           % this is needed for lyrics above a staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>         }
>         \new Staff = "men" <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "basses" {
>             \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = "basses"
>         \context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
>         \context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
>         \context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
>         \context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.2 SATB-Partitur und automatischer Klavierauszug

In diesem Beispiel wird ein automatischer Klavierauszug zu der Chorpartitur hinzugefügt. Das zeigt eine der Stärken von LilyPond – man kann eine Variable mehr als einmal benutzen. Wenn Sie irgendeine Änderung an einer Chorstimme vornehmen, (etwa tenorMusic), verändert sich auch der Klavierauszug entsprechend.

>     \paper {
>       top-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>       score-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       system-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       last-bottom-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>     }

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords =\lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new ChoirStaff <<
>           \new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with {
>             % This is needed for lyrics above a staff
>             \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>           }
>           \new Staff = "women" <<
>             \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = "altos"
>           \new Lyrics = "tenors" \with {
>             % This is needed for lyrics above a staff
>             \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>           }

>           \new Staff = "men" <<
>             \clef bass
>             \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = "basses"
>           \context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
>           \context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
>           \context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
>           \context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>         >>
>         \new PianoStaff <<
>           \new Staff <<
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           >>
>           \new Staff <<
>             \clef bass
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>             << \global \bassMusic >>
>           >>
>         >>
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.3 SATB mit zugehörigen Kontexten

In diesem Beispiel werden die Texte mit den Befehlen `alignAboveContext` und `alignBelowContext` über und unter dem System angeordnet.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Staff = "women" <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"women" } \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"women" } \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
>         % we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
>         % the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords

>         \new Staff = "men" <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"men" } \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"men" } \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>         % again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.4 SATB auf vier Systemen

SATB-Chorvorlage auf vier Systemen

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>       \dynamicUp
>     }
>     sopranonotes = \relative c'' {
>       c2 \p \< d c d \f
>     }
>     sopranowords = \lyricmode { do do do do }
>     altonotes = \relative c'' {
>       c2\p d c d
>     }
>     altowords = \lyricmode { re re re re }
>     tenornotes = {
>       \clef "G_8"
>       c2\mp d c d
>     }
>     tenorwords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }
>     bassnotes = {
>       \clef bass
>       c2\mf d c d
>     }
>     basswords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "soprano" <<
>             \global
>             \sopranonotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "soprano" \new Lyrics \sopranowords
>         >>
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "alto" <<
>             \global
>             \altonotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "alto" \new Lyrics \altowords
>         >>
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "tenor" <<
>             \global
>             \tenornotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "tenor" \new Lyrics \tenorwords
>         >>
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "bass" <<
>             \global
>             \bassnotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "bass" \new Lyrics \basswords
>         >>
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.5 Sologesang und zweistimmiger Refrain

Diese Vorlage erstellt eine Partitur, die mit Sologesang beginnt und einen Refrain für zwei Stimmen enthält. Sie zeigt auch die Benutzung von Platzhalter-Pausen innerhalb der `\global`-Variable, um Taktwechsel (und andere Elemente, die für alle Stimmen gleich sind) für das gesamte Stück zu definieren.

>     global = {
>       \key g \major

>       % verse
>       \time 3/4
>       s2.*2
>       \break

>       % refrain
>       \time 2/4
>       s2*2
>       \bar "|."
>     }

>     SoloNotes = \relative g' {
>       \clef "treble"

>       % verse
>       g4 g g |
>       b4 b b |

>       % refrain
>       R2*2 |
>     }

>     SoloLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       One two three |
>       four five six |
>     }

>     SopranoNotes = \relative c'' {
>       \clef "treble"

>       % verse
>       R2.*2 |

>       % refrain
>       c4 c |
>       g4 g |
>     }

>     SopranoLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       la la |
>       la la |
>     }

>     BassNotes = \relative c {
>       \clef "bass"

>       % verse
>       R2.*2 |

>       % refrain
>       c4 e |
>       d4 d |
>     }

>     BassLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       dum dum |
>       dum dum |
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new Voice = "SoloVoice" << \global \SoloNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics \lyricsto "SoloVoice" \SoloLyrics

>         \new ChoirStaff <<
>           \new Voice = "SopranoVoice" << \global \SopranoNotes >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "SopranoVoice" \SopranoLyrics

>           \new Voice = "BassVoice" << \global \BassNotes >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "BassVoice" \BassLyrics
>         >>
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         ragged-right = ##t
>         \context { \Staff
>           % these lines prevent empty staves from being printed
>           \RemoveEmptyStaves
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.4.6 Hymnen

Dieses Beispiel zeigt eine Möglichkeit, eine Hymnusmelodie zu setzen, in der jede Zeiel mit einem Auftakt beginnt und einem unvollständigen Takt abschließt. Es zeigt auch, wie man die Strophen als allein stehenden Text unter die Noten hinzufügt.

>     Timeline = {
>       \time 4/4
>       \tempo 4=96
>       \partial 2
>       s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||" \break
>       s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||"
>     }

>     SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>     }

>     AltoMusic = \relative c' {
>       d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
>       d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
>     }

>     TenorMusic = \relative a {
>       b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
>       b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
>     }

>     BassMusic =  \relative g {
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>     }

>     global = {
>      \key g \major
>     }

>     \score {  % Start score
>       <<
>         \new PianoStaff <<  % Start pianostaff
>           \new Staff <<  % Start Staff = RH
>             \global
>             \clef "treble"
>             \new Voice = "Soprano" <<  % Start Voice = "Soprano"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceOne
>               \SopranoMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Soprano"
>             \new Voice = "Alto" <<  % Start Voice = "Alto"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceTwo
>               \AltoMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Alto"
>           >>  % End Staff = RH
>           \new Staff <<  % Start Staff = LH
>             \global
>             \clef "bass"
>             \new Voice = "Tenor" <<  % Start Voice = "Tenor"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceOne
>               \TenorMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Tenor"
>             \new Voice = "Bass" <<  % Start Voice = "Bass"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceTwo
>               \BassMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Bass"
>           >>  % End Staff = LH
>         >>  % End pianostaff
>       >>
>     }  % End score

>     \markup {
>       \fill-line {
>         ""
>         {
>           \column {
>             \left-align {
>               "This is line one of the first verse"
>               "This is line two of the same"
>               "And here's line three of the first verse"
>               "And the last line of the same"
>             }
>           }
>         }
>         ""
>       }
>     }

>     \paper {  % Start paper block
>       indent = 0     % don't indent first system
>       line-width = 130   % shorten line length to suit music
>     }  % End paper block

### A.4.7 Psalmengesang

Diese Vorlage zeigt eine Art, anglikanische Psalmengesänge zu setzen. Hier wird auch gezeigt, wie Strophen als einfacher Text unter den Noten hinzugefügt werden können. Zwei Strophen sind in unterschiedlicher Weise notiert um mehr Möglichkeiten darzustellen.

>     SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
>       g1 | c2 b | a1 | \bar "||"
>       a1 | d2 c | c b | c1 | \bar "||"
>     }

>     AltoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e1 | g2 g | f1 |
>       f1 | f2 e | d d | e1 |
>     }

>     TenorMusic = \relative a {
>       c1 | c2 c | c1 |
>       d1 | g,2 g | g g | g1 |
>     }

>     BassMusic =  \relative c {
>       c1 | e2 e | f1 |
>       d1 | b2 c | g' g | c,1 |
>     }

>     global = {
>       \time 2/2
>     }

>     dot = \markup {
>       \raise #0.7 \musicglyph #"dots.dot"
>     }

>     tick = \markup {
>       \raise #1 \fontsize #-5 \musicglyph #"scripts.rvarcomma"
>     }

>     % Use markup to center the chant on the page
>     \markup {
>       \fill-line {
>         \score {  % centered
>           <<
>             \new ChoirStaff <<
>               \new Staff <<
>                 \global
>                 \clef "treble"
>                 \new Voice = "Soprano" <<
>                   \voiceOne
>                   \SopranoMusic
>                 >>
>                 \new Voice = "Alto" <<
>                   \voiceTwo
>                   \AltoMusic
>                 >>
>               >>
>               \new Staff <<
>                 \clef "bass"
>                 \global
>                 \new Voice = "Tenor" <<
>                   \voiceOne
>                   \TenorMusic
>                 >>
>                 \new Voice = "Bass" <<
>                   \voiceTwo
>                   \BassMusic
>                 >>
>               >>
>             >>
>           >>
>           \layout {
>             \context {
>               \Score
>               \override SpacingSpanner
>               #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
>             }
>             \context {
>               \Staff
>               \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
>             }
>           }
>         }  % End score
>       }
>     }  % End markup

>     \markup {
>       \fill-line {
>         \column {
>           \left-align {
>             \null \null \null
>             \line {
>               \fontsize #5 O
>               \fontsize #3 come
>               let us \bold sing | unto \dot the | Lord : let
>             }
>             \line {
>               us heartily
>               \concat { re \bold joice }
>               in the | strength of | our
>             }
>             \line {
>               sal | vation.
>             }
>             \null
>             \line {
>               \hspace #2.5 8. Today if ye will hear his voice *
>             }
>             \line {
>               \concat { \bold hard en }
>               \tick not your \tick hearts : as in the pro-
>             }
>             \line {
>               vocation * and as in the \bold day of tempt- \tick
>             }
>             \line {
>               -ation \tick in the \tick wilderness.
>             }
>           }
>         }
>       }
>     }

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