\HeaderA{trellis.device}{Initializing Trellis Displays}{trellis.device}
\aliasA{canonical.theme}{trellis.device}{canonical.theme}
\aliasA{col.whitebg}{trellis.device}{col.whitebg}
\aliasA{standard.theme}{trellis.device}{standard.theme}
\keyword{dplot}{trellis.device}
\begin{Description}\relax
Initialization of a display device with appropriate graphical
parameters.
\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}
trellis.device(device = getOption("device"),
               color = !(dev.name == "postscript"),
               theme = lattice.getOption("default.theme"),
               new = TRUE,
               retain = FALSE,
               ...)

standard.theme(name, color)
canonical.theme(name, color)
col.whitebg()

\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Arguments}
\begin{ldescription}
\item[\code{device}] function (or the name of one as a character string)
that starts a device.  Admissible values depend on the platform and
how \R{} was compiled (see \code{\LinkA{Devices}{Devices}}), but usually
\code{"pdf"}, \code{"postscript"}, \code{"png"}, \code{"jpeg"} and
at least one of \code{"X11"}, \code{"windows"} and \code{"quartz"}
will be available.

\item[\code{color}] logical, whether the initial settings should be color or
black and white.  Defaults to \code{FALSE} for postscript devices,
\code{TRUE} otherwise.  Note that this only applies to the initial
choice of colors, which can be overridden using \code{theme} or
subsequent calls to \code{\LinkA{trellis.par.set}{trellis.par.set}} (and by arguments
supplied directly in high level calls for some settings).

\item[\code{theme}] list of components that changes the settings of the
device opened, or, a function that when called produces such a
list.  The function name can be supplied as a quoted string.  These
settings are only used to modify the default settings (determined by
other arguments), and need not contain all possible parameters.

A possible use of this argument is to change the default settings by 
specifying \code{lattice.options(default.theme = "col.whitebg")}. 
For back-compatibility, this is initially (when lattice is loaded)
set to \code{options(lattice.theme)}.

If \code{theme} is a function, it will not be supplied any
arguments, however, it is guaranteed that a device will already be
open when it is called, so one may use \code{.Device} inside the
function to ascertain what device has been opened.

\item[\code{new}] logical flag indicating whether a new device should be
started.  If \code{FALSE}, the options for the current device are
changed to the defaults determined by the other arguments.

\item[\code{retain}] logical. If \code{TRUE} and a setting for this device already
exists, then that is used instead of the defaults for this
device. By default, pre-existing settings are overwritten (and
lost).

\item[\code{name}] name of the device for which the setting is required, as
returned by \code{.Device}

\item[\code{...}] additional parameters to be passed to the \code{device}
function, most commonly \code{file} for non-screen devices, as well
as \code{height}, \code{width}, etc.  See the help file for
individual devices for admissible arguments.

\end{ldescription}
\end{Arguments}
\begin{Details}\relax
Trellis Graphics functions obtain the default values of various
graphical parameters (colors, line types, fonts, etc.) from a
customizable \dQuote{settings} list.  This functionality is analogous
to \code{\LinkA{par}{par}} for standard \R{} graphics and, together with
\code{\LinkA{lattice.options}{lattice.options}}, mostly supplants it (\code{\LinkA{par}{par}}
settings are mostly ignored by Lattice).  Unlike \code{\LinkA{par}{par}},
Trellis settings can be controlled separately for each different
device type (but not concurrently for different instances of the same
device).  \code{standard.theme} and \code{col.whitebg} produce
predefined settings (a.k.a. themes), while \code{trellis.device}
provides a high level interface to control which \dQuote{theme} will
be in effect when a new device is opened.  \code{trellis.device} is
called automatically when a \code{"trellis"} object is plotted, and
the defaults can be used to provide sufficient control, so in a
properly configured system it is rarely necessary for the user to call
\code{trellis.device} explicitly.

The \code{standard.theme} function is intended to provide device
specific settings (e.g. light colors on a grey background for screen
devices, dark colors or black and white for print devices) which were
used as defaults prior to \R{} 2.3.0.  However, these defaults are not
always appropriate, due to the variety of platforms and hardware
settings on which \R{} is used, as well as the fact that a plot created
on a particular device may be subsequently used in many different
ways.  For this reason, a \dQuote{safe} default is used for all
devices from \R{} 2.3.0 onwards.  The old behaviour can be reinstated by
setting \code{standard.theme} as the default \code{theme} argument,
e.g. by putting \code{options(lattice.theme = "standard.theme")} in a
startup script (see the entry for \code{theme} above for details).
\end{Details}
\begin{Value}
\code{standard.theme} returns a list of components defining graphical
parameter settings for Lattice displays. It is used internally in
\code{trellis.device}, and can also be used as the \code{theme}
argument to \code{trellis.par.set}, or even as \code{theme} in
\code{trellis.device} to use the defaults for another device.
\code{canonical.theme} is an alias for \code{standard.theme}.

\code{col.whitebg} returns a similar (but smaller) list that is
suitable as the \code{theme} argument to \code{trellis.device} and
\code{\LinkA{trellis.par.set}{trellis.par.set}}.  It contains settings values which
provide colors suitable for plotting on a white background.  Note that
the name \code{col.whitebg} is somewhat of a misnomer, since it
actually sets the background to transparent rather than white.
\end{Value}
\begin{Note}\relax
Earlier versions of \code{trellis.device} had a \code{bg} argument to
set the background color, but this is no longer supported.  If
supplied, the \code{bg} argument will be passed on to the device
function; however, this will have no effect on the Trellis settings.
It is rarely meaningful to change the background alone; if you feel
the need to change the background, consider using the \code{theme}
argument instead.
\end{Note}
\begin{Author}\relax
Deepayan Sarkar \email{Deepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org}
\end{Author}
\begin{References}\relax
Sarkar, Deepayan (2008) "Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with
R", Springer. \url{http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/}
\end{References}
\begin{SeeAlso}\relax
\code{\LinkA{Lattice}{Lattice}} for an overview of the \code{lattice} package.

\code{\LinkA{Devices}{Devices}} for valid choices of \code{device} on your
platform.

\code{\LinkA{trellis.par.get}{trellis.par.get}} and \code{\LinkA{trellis.par.set}{trellis.par.set}} can be
used to query and modify the settings \emph{after} a device has been
initialized.  The \code{par.settings} argument to high level
functions, described in \code{\LinkA{xyplot}{xyplot}}, can be used to attach
transient settings to a \code{"trellis"} object.
\end{SeeAlso}

