
Chapter 2. AMANDA Installation Notes
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Chapter 2. AMANDA Installation Notes


James da Silva

Original text
AMANDA Core Team
<jds@amanda.org>

Stefan G. Weichinger

XML-conversion
AMANDA Core Team
<sgw@amanda.org>
Table of Contents


  Before_doing_anything

  Compiling_the_AMANDA_sources

  Setting_up_your_AMANDA_Configuration


        Setting_up_the_Tape_Server_Host

        Set_up_the_Backup_Client_Hosts



Note

Refer to http://www.amanda.org/docs/install.html for the current version of
this document.
This document covers the compilation, installation, and runtime setup of AMANDA
2.4.2 and higher.

 Before doing anything


  a. Read this document all the way through.
  b. Consult AMANDA_2.4.x_-_System-Specific_Installation_Notes for installation
     notes specific to particular operating systems. There is often important
     information there, so don't forget this step.
  c. Read Upgrade_Issues if you are upgrading from a previous AMANDA version.
     There are some issues that you will need to be aware of.
  d. If you are using KERBEROS authentication, read Kerberos for details on
     installing and running the kerberized version of AMANDA.
  e. Check the AMANDA Patches Page, http://www.amanda.org/patches


 Compiling the AMANDA sources

If you have multiple architectures, you only need to install the whole AMANDA
package on the tape server host (the one with tape drive). On the backup client
hosts (the ones you are going to dump), you only need to compile some of the
AMANDA programs (see section 1.2.H below).

 Source configuration


  a. AMANDA can optionally make use of the following packages to back up
     different types of clients or clients with different filesystem dumping
     programs. If you wish to use GNU-tar to back up filesystems, it is
     recommended to use GNU-tar 1.13.25. Plain GNU-tar 1.12 needs to be patched
     to handle large files (> 2GB). Plain GNU-tar 1.13 creates bad index-lists
     which amrecover cannot handle, as does the rarely used GNU-tar 1.13.9x,
     which changed the index-format again in an incompatible way.
     If you need to use GNU-tar 1.12, get it at
     ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/tar/tar-1.12.tar.gz
     and apply the patch from patches/tar-1.12.patch. The first hunk may be
     enough, unless it's a SunOS4 host. Read more about the patches in the
     patch file itself.
     GNU-tar 1.13.25 can be found at:
     ftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/tar/tar-1.13.25.tar.gz
     Samba allows Unix systems to talk to PC clients. AMANDA can back up
     Microsoft Windows clients using Samba:
     http://www.samba.org
     Read Backup_PC_hosts_using_Samba for configuration tips and known
     limitations.
     Look at http://www.amanda.org/patches.html for up to date information on
     patches.
  b. If you wish to make use of some of the scripts that come with AMANDA, you
     will need to install Perl. You can get Perl from any CPAN site. ftp://
     ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/src/perl-5.6.1.tar.gz
  c. One of the programs included in this package is amplot, which reads a data
     file that AMANDA generates for each dump and translates that information
     in it into a nice picture that can be used to determine how your
     installation is doing and if any parameters need to be changed. To use
     amplot, you need a version of awk that understands command line variable
     substitutions, such as nawk or gawk, which is available from
     ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.1.tar.gz
     Amplot also required that gnuplot be installed on your system. Gnuplot is
     available at
     http://www.gnuplot.org/ ftp://ftp.gnuplot.org/pub/gnuplot
  d. The process of building AMANDA requires that some other packages be
     installed on your system. The following packages are used:
     ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/readline/readline-4.2.tar.gz amrecover
     optionally uses the readline library for its command-line edition
     mechanisms. This library itself requires either termcap, curses or
     ncurses. termcap is preferred, and it may be obtained from: ftp://
     ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/termcap/termcap-1.3.tar.gz
     If you wish to edit and enhance AMANDA, you may need to install the
     following tools. Autoconf and automake are required if you are going to
     rebuild the Makefiles and auto configuration scripts. Bison is only needed
     if you are going to work on the index server and client code.
     ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.53.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
     pub/gnu/automake/automake-1.6.3.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bison/
     bison-1.27.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/flex/flex-2.5.4a.tar.gz
  e. Read about the different configuration options available for building and
     running AMANDA. To see the options, do both:

       a. Run

            ./configure --help

          to see the available options that configure takes.
       b. Read the example/config.site file which gives longer descriptions to
          the same options as in step a).

  f. Choose which user and group you will run the dumps under. Common choices
     for user are `bin' or another user specifically created for AMANDA, such
     as `amanda'; common choices for group are `operator' or `disk'. If you do
     not specify --with-user=<username> and --with-group=<groupname>, configure
     will abort. Also choose the default name for your configuration, such as
     `csd' or `DailySet1'). This name is used by the AMANDA commands to choose
     one of multiple possible configurations. You may specify it using the --
     with-config=<confgname>.
  g. Decide where AMANDA will live. You need to choose a root directory for
     AMANDA. Let this root directory be called $prefix. Unless you change the
     default behavior with the appropriate command line options, AMANDA will
     install itself as. Listed below each directory is the appropriate
     configure option to change the location of this part of AMANDA.

       --sbindir=$prefix/sbin					AMANDA server side programs
       --libexecdir=$prefix/libexec				AMANDA backup client programs
       --libdir=$prefix/lib					AMANDA dynamic libraries
       --with-configdir=$prefix/etc/amanda			Runtime configuration files
       --with-gnutar-listdir=$prefix/var/amanda/gnutar-lists	Directory for
       GNUtar lists (client)
       --mandir=$prefix/man					Directory for manual pages

     Note that the GNU-tar listdir should be a local filesystem on each client
     that is going to be backed up with GNU tar. If it really must be NFS-
     mounted, make sure the filesystem is exported so that the client has root
     access to it.
  h. Decide if you are compiling AMANDA on a server only or a client only
     platform. If you have a particular operating system that will only be a
     AMANDA client and will never run as the master tape host, then add the --
     without-server option to configure. In the unlikely case that you have a
     particular operating system that will serve as the tape host and you do
     not wish to back up any machines that run this operating system, add the -
     -without-client option to the configure options. There are many other
     configuration switches for amanda. You may learn more about them by
     running `configure --help' and by reading examples/config.site.
  i. Now configure AMANDA. There are two ways of doing this. If you are running
     AMANDA on a single OS, then probably the first method works better for
     you. If you need to support multiple platforms, then the second method
     will work better.

       a. Run configure as non-root-user with the appropriate command line
          options. You will probably want to remember the command line options
          for future builds of AMANDA.
       b. Edit example/config.site and install it in the directory $prefix/etc
          or $prefix/share. When `configure' runs the next time it will look
          for this file and use it to configure AMANDA.



 Building and installing the binaries


  a. Back at the top-level source directory, build the sources:

       make
       su root; make install

     Make sure that you don't build the software as root, you may run the first
     make-command as the AMANDA-user, for example. On the other hand you have
     to run make install as root to get the binaries installed with the proper
     permissions. If you want to change the compiler flags, you can do so like
     this:

       make CFLAGS="-O3 -Wall"

  b. If you have built with USE_VERSION_SUFFIXES, you will want to create
     symlinks to the version you wish to use, eg:

       ln -s amdump-x.y.z amdump

     This is not done automatically by the install process, so that you can
     have multiple AMANDA versions co-existing, and choose yourself which to
     make the default version. The script contrib/set_prod_link.pl may save you
     some keystrokes.
  c. Run `ldconfig' as root to update the paths to the recently installed
     shared libraries.


 Setting up your AMANDA Configuration


 Setting up the Tape Server Host


  a. Create the config directory (eg. /usr/local/etc/amanda/confname) and copy
     the example/ files into that directory. Edit these files to be correct for
     your site, consulting the amanda(8) man page if necessary. You can also
     send mail to mailto://amanda-users@amanda.org if you are having trouble
     deciding how to set things up. You will also need to create the directory
     for the log and database files for the configuration to use (eg /usr/
     local/var/amanda/confname), and the work directory on the holding disk.
     These directories need to agree with the parameters in amanda.conf. Don't
     forget to make all these directories writable by the dump user!
     Make sure that you specify the *no-rewind* version of the tape device in
     your amanda.conf file. This is a frequently encountered problem for new
     sites.
     Note that you might want to temporarily set the option "no-record" in all
     your dumptypes when first installing AMANDA if you'd like to run tests of
     AMANDA in parallel with your existing dump scheme. AMANDA will then run
     but will not interfere with your current dumpdates. However, you don't
     want to run with "no-record" under normal operations.
  b. Put AMANDA into your crontab. Here's a sample:

       0 16 * * 1-5 /usr/local/sbin/amcheck -m confname
       45 0 * * 2-6 /usr/local/sbin/amdump confname

     This is for SunOS 4.x, which has a per-user crontab; most other systems
     also require a userid on each cron line. See your cron(8) for details.
     With these cron lines, AMANDA will check that the correct tape is in the
     drive every weekday afternoon at 4pm (if it isn't, all the operators will
     get mail). At 12:45am that night the dumps will be run.
  c. Put the AMANDA services into your /etc/services file. Add entries like:

       amanda		10080/udp
       amandaidx	10082/tcp
       amidxtape	10083/tcp

     You may choose a different port number if you like, but it must match that
     in the services file on the client hosts too.
     If you are running NIS (aka YP), you have to enter the AMANDA service into
     your NIS services database. Consult your NIS documentation for details.
     You may use the `patch-system' script, from client-src, in order to modify
     this file. Run it with a `-h' argument for usage.
  d. If you are going to use the indexing capabilities of AMANDA, and your
     server uses inetd, then add these to your inetd.conf on the tape server
     host:

       amandaidx stream tcp nowait USER AMINDEXD_PATH amindexd
       amidxtape stream tcp nowait USER AMIDXTAPED_PATH amidxtaped

     where AMINDEXD_PATH and AMIDXTAPED_PATH are the complete paths to where
     the amindexd and amidxtaped executables (usually libexec_dir/amindexd and
     libexec_dir/amidxtaped), and USER is the AMANDA user.
     You may use the `patch-system' script, from client-src, in order to modify
     this file. Run it with a `-h' argument for usage.
     If your tape server uses xinetd instead of inetd, then you have to add the
     following two files to your xinetd-configuration (usually /etc/xinetd.d)
     and edit the paths:

       #/etc/xinetd.d/amandaidx
       service amandaidx
       {
       	socket_type		= stream
       	protocol		= tcp
       	wait			= no
       	user			= USER
       	group			= GROUP
       	groups 			= yes
       	server			= AMINDEXD_PATH/amindexd
       }


       #/etc/xinetd.d/amidxtaped
       service amidxtape
       {
       	socket_type		= stream
       	protocol		= tcp
       	wait			= no
       	user			= USER
       	group			= GROUP
       	groups 			= yes
       	server			= AMIDXTAPED_PATH/amidxtaped
       }

  e. If the tape server host is itself going to be backed up (as is usually the
     case), you must also follow the client-side install instructions below on
     the server host, INCLUDING setting up the file .amandahosts so that the
     server host lets itself in. This is a frequently encountered problem for
     new sites.


 Set up the Backup Client Hosts


  a. When using BSD-style security (enabled by default), set up your
     ~dumpuser/.amandahosts (or ~dumpuser/.rhosts and/or /etc/hosts.equivi, if
     you have configured --without-amandahosts) so that the dumpuser is allowed
     in from the server host. Only canonical host names will be accepted in
     .amandahosts, and usernames must be present in every line, because this is
     safer.
  b. Set up your raw disk devices so that the dumpuser can read them, and /etc/
     dumpdates so that the dumpuser can write to it. Normally this is done by
     making the disk devices readable by (and dumpdates read/writable by) group
     `operator', and putting the dumpuser into that group.
  c. Put the AMANDA service into your /etc/services file. Add entry like:

       amanda		10080/udp
       amandaidx	10082/tcp
       amidxtape	10083/tcp

     You may choose a different port number if you like, but it must match that
     in the services file on the tape server host too.
     If you are running NIS (aka YP), you have to enter the AMANDA service into
     your NIS services database. Consult your NIS documentation for details.
     You may use the `patch-system' script, from client-src, in order to modify
     this file. Run it with a `-h' argument for usage.
  d. If your AMANDA client uses inetd, put the AMANDA client service into
     inetd's config file. This file is usually found in /etc/inetd.conf, but on
     older systems it is /etc/servers. The format is different on different
     OSes, so you must consult the inetd man page for your site. Here is an
     example from our site, again from SunOS 4.x:

       amanda dgram udp wait USER AMANDAD_PATH amandad

     You may use the `patch-system' script, from client-src, in order to modify
     this file. Run it with a `-h' argument for usage.
     If your AMANDA client uses xinetd, you have to add the following file to
     your xinetd-configuration (usually /etc/xinetd.d):

       #/etc/xinetd.d/amanda
       service amanda
       {
       socket_type		= dgram
       protocol		= udp
       wait			= yes
       user			= USER
       group			= GROUP
       groups 			= yes
       server			= AMANDAD_PATH/amandad
       }

  e. Kick inetd/xinetd to make it read its config file. On most systems you can
     just execute kill -HUP inetd (or xinetd). On older systems you may have to
     kill it completely and restart it. Note that killing/restarting (x)inetd
     is not safe to do unless you are sure that no (x)inetd services (like
     rlogin) are currently in use, otherwise (x)inetd will not be able to bind
     that port and that service will be unavailable.
  f. If you intend to back up xfs filesystems on hosts running IRIX, you must
     create the directory /var/xfsdump/inventory, otherwise xfsdump will not
     work.

THAT'S IT! YOU ARE READY TO RUN, UNLESS WE FORGOT SOMETHING.
Please send mail to mailto://amanda-users@amanda.org if you have any comments
or questions. We're not afraid of negative reviews, so let us have it!
Before writing questions, you may prefer to take a look at the AMANDA_FAQ and
at the AMANDA home page, at http://www.amanda.org. Browsable archives of AMANDA
mailing-lists are available at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=amanda-users and
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=amanda-hackers.
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