LilyPond Handbuch zum Lernen: A.6 Vorlagen für alte Notation

## A.6 Vorlagen für alte Notation

### A.6.1 Transkription mensuraler Musik

Bei der Transkription von Mensuralmusik ist es oft erwünscht, ein Incipit an den Anfang des Stückes zu stellen, damit klar ist, wie Tempo und Schlüssel in der Originalnotation gesetzt waren. Während heutzutage Musiker an Taktlinien gewöhnt sind, um Rhythmen schneller zu erkennen, wurden diese in der Mensuralmusik nicht verwendet. Tatsächlich ändern sich die Rhythmen auch oft alle paar Noten. Als ein Kompromiss werden die Notenlinien nicht auf dem System, sondern zwischen den Systemen geschrieben.

>     global = {
>       \set Score.skipBars = ##t

>       % incipit
>       \once \override Score.SystemStartBracket #'transparent = ##t
>       \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment = #1.0 % tight spacing
>       \key f \major
>       \time 2/2
>       \once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
>       \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
>       \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
>       \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##f
>       \cadenzaOn % turn off bar lines
>       \skip 1*10
>       \once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
>       \bar "||"
>       \skip 1*1 % need this extra \skip such that clef change comes
>                 % after bar line
>       \bar ""

>       % main
>       \revert Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment % CHECK: no effect?
>       \cadenzaOff % turn bar lines on again
>       \once \override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
>       \set Staff.forceClef = ##t
>       \key g \major
>       \time 4/4
>       \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'default
>       \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'default

>       % FIXME: setting printKeyCancellation back to #t must not
>       % occur in the first bar after the incipit.  Dto. for forceClef.
>       % Therefore, we need an extra \skip.
>       \skip 1*1
>       \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##t
>       \set Staff.forceClef = ##f

>       \skip 1*7 % the actual music

>       % let finis bar go through all staves
>       \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f

>       % finis bar
>       \bar "|."
>     }

>     discantusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c'' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Discantus  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "neomensural-c1"
>         c'1. s2   % two bars
>         \skip 1*8 % eight bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "treble"
>         d'2. d'4 |
>         b e' d'2 |
>         c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
>         a4) b a2 |
>         b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
>         b\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi -- |
>       la -- te De -- |
>       o, om --
>       nis ter -- |
>       ra, __ om- |
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     altusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c'' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Altus  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "neomensural-c3"
>         r1        % one bar
>         f1. s2    % two bars
>         \skip 1*7 % seven bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "treble"
>         r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
>         a2 g4 e |
>         fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
>         g1 |
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
>         g\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
>       De -- o, om -- |
>       nis ter -- ra, |
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     tenorNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "neomensural-c4"
>         r\longa   % four bars
>         r\breve   % two bars
>         r1        % one bar
>         c'1. s2   % two bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "treble_8"
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
>         d'\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     bassusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bassus  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "bass"
>         r\maxima  % eight bars
>         f1. s2    % two bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "bass"
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         g2. e4 |
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
>         g\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi- |
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
>         \new Voice =
>           "discantusNotes" << \global \discantusNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
>         \new Voice =
>           "altusNotes" << \global \altusNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
>         \new Voice =
>           "tenorNotes" << \global \tenorNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
>         \new Voice =
>           "bassusNotes" << \global \bassusNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           \Score

>           % no bars in staves
>           \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t

>           % incipit should not start with a start delimiter
>           \remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Voice

>           % no slurs
>           \override Slur #'transparent = ##t

>           % Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
>           % breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
>           % into the next bar.  The command is commented out in this
>           % short example score, but especially for large scores, you
>           % will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
>           % overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
>           %\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.6.2 Vorlage zur Transkription von Gregorianik

Dieses Beispiel zeigt eine moderne Transkription des Gregorianischen Chorals. Hier gibt es keine Takte, keine Notenhälse und es werden nur halbe und Viertelnoten verwendet. Zusätzliche Zeichen zeigen die Länge von Pausen an.

>     \include "gregorian.ly"

>     chant = \relative c' {
>       \set Score.timing = ##f
>       f4 a2 \divisioMinima
>       g4 b a2 f2 \divisioMaior
>       g4( f) f( g) a2 \finalis
>     }

>     verba = \lyricmode {
>       Lo -- rem ip -- sum do -- lor sit a -- met
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new Staff <<
>         \new Voice = "melody" \chant
>         \new Lyrics = "one" \lyricsto melody \verba
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           \Staff
>           \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
>           \remove "Bar_engraver"
>           \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Voice
>           \override Stem #'length = #0
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Score
>           barAlways = ##t
>         }
>       }
>     }

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