Integer Conversions - Untitled
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#### 14.2.8 Integer Conversions

This section describes the options for the ``%d`', ``%i`', ``%o`', ``%u`', ``%x`', and ``%X`' conversion specifications. These conversions print integers in various formats.

The ``%d`' and ``%i`' conversion specifications both print an numeric argument as a signed decimal number; while ``%o`', ``%u`', and ``%x`' print the argument as an unsigned octal, decimal, or hexadecimal number (respectively). The ``%X`' conversion specification is just like ``%x`' except that it uses the characters ``ABCDEF`' as digits instead of ``abcdef`'.

The following flags are meaningful:

``-`'
  Left-justify the result in the field (instead of the normal right-justification).
``+`'
  For the signed ``%d`' and ``%i`' conversions, print a plus sign if the value is positive.
``` '
  For the signed ``%d`' and ``%i`' conversions, if the result doesn't start with a plus or minus sign, prefix it with a space character instead. Since the ``+`' flag ensures that the result includes a sign, this flag is ignored if you supply both of them.
``#`'
  For the ``%o`' conversion, this forces the leading digit to be ``0`', as if by increasing the precision. For ``%x`' or ``%X`', this prefixes a leading ``0x`' or ``0X`' (respectively) to the result. This doesn't do anything useful for the ``%d`', ``%i`', or ``%u`' conversions.
``0`'
  Pad the field with zeros instead of spaces. The zeros are placed after any indication of sign or base. This flag is ignored if the ``-`' flag is also specified, or if a precision is specified.

If a precision is supplied, it specifies the minimum number of digits to appear; leading zeros are produced if necessary. If you don't specify a precision, the number is printed with as many digits as it needs. If you convert a value of zero with an explicit precision of zero, then no characters at all are produced.