eSpeak Speech Synthesizer

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## 2.1 INSTALLATION

### 2.1.1 Linux and other Posix systems

There are two versions of the command line program. They both have the same command parameters (see below).

1. espeak uses speech engine in the libespeak shared library. The libespeak library must first be installed.

2. speak is a stand-alone version which includes its own copy of the speech engine.

Place the espeak or speak executable file in the command path, eg in /usr/local/bin

Place the "espeak-data" directory in /usr/share as /usr/share/espeak-data.
Alternatively if it is placed in the user's home directory (i.e. /home/<user>/espeak-data) then that will be used instead.

#### Dependencies

espeak uses the PortAudio sound library (version 18), so you will need to have the libportaudio0 library package installed. It may be already, since it's used by other software, such as OpenOffice.org and the Audacity sound editor.

Some Linux distrubitions (eg. SuSe 10) have version 19 of PortAudio which has a slightly different API. The speak program can be compiled to use version 19 of PortAudio by copying the file portaudio19.h to portaudio.h before compiling.

The speak program may be compiled without using PortAudio, by removing the line

       #define USE_PORTAUDIO

in the file speech.h.

### 2.1.2 Use with KDE Text-to-Speech (KTTS)

To add to KDE-Text-to-Speech Manager (KTTSMgr), use it as a "Command" talker with "command for speaking texts" set to:
cat %f | espeak --stdin -w %w -v en -s190

In this example, "en" is the voice name, "190" is the speed.

Note:

- When used by the KTTS system, I noticed a slight background hiss with the speech, which is not present when I use espeak directly from the command line. This was because KDE sound default was set to "8 bits" rather than 16 bits.

- KTTSMgr breaks the text into sentences to pass to the speech engine, but it mistakenly assumes sentence breaks when dots follow abbreviations and therefore pauses after the dots in "eg. Mr. John B. Smith etc." Speaking a text file directly with espeak gives better results in this respect.

### 2.1.3 Windows

The installer: setup_espeak.exe installs the SAPI5 version of eSpeak. It also installs a command line program espeak in the espeak directory.

## 2.2 COMMAND OPTIONS

### 2.2.1 Examples

To use at the command line, type:
espeak "This is a test"
or
espeak -f <text file>

Or just type
espeak
followed by text on subsequent lines. Each line is spoken when RETURN is pressed.

Use espeak -x to see the corresponding phoneme codes.

### 2.2.2 The Command Line Options

espeak [options] ["text words"]
  Text input can be taken either from a file, from a string in the command, or from stdin.

-f <text file>
  Speaks a text file.

--stdin
  Takes the text input from stdin.

If neither -f nor --stdin is given, then the text input is taken from "text words" (a text string within double quotes).
If that is not present then text is taken from stdin, but each line is treated as a separate sentence.

-a <integer>
  Sets amplitude (volume) in a range of 0 to 200. The default is 100.

-p <integer>
  Adjusts the pitch in a range of 0 to 99. The default is 50.

-s <integer>
  Sets the speed in words-per-minute (approximate values for the default English voice, others may differ slightly). The default value is 175. I generally use a faster speed of 200. Range 80 to 450. Larger value are rounded down to the maximum.

-b <integer>
  Input text character format.

  1 UTF-8. This is the default.

  2 The 8-bit character set which corresponds to the language (eg. Latin-2 for Polish).

  4 16 bit Unicode.

  Without this option, eSpeak assumes text is UTF-8, but will automatically switch to the 8-bit character set if it finds an illegal UTF-8 sequence.

-g <integer>
  Word gap. This option inserts a pause between words. The value is the length of the pause, in units of 10 mS (at the default speed of 170 wpm).

-h or --help
  The first line of output gives the eSpeak version number.

-k <integer>
  Indicate words which begin with capital letters.

  1 eSpeak uses a click sound to indicate when a word starts with a capital letter, or double click if word is all capitals.

  2 eSpeak speaks the word "capital" before a word which begins with a capital letter.

  Other values: eSpeak increases the pitch for words which begin with a capital letter. The greater the value, the greater the increase in pitch. Try -k20.

-l <integer>
  Line-break length, default value 0. If set, then lines which are shorter than this are treated as separate clauses and spoken separately with a break between them. This can be useful for some text files, but bad for others.

-m
  Indicates that the text contains SSML (Speech Synthesis Markup Language) tags or other XML tags. Those SSML tags which are supported are interpreted. Other tags, including HTML, are ignored, except that some HTML tags such as <hr> <h2> and <li> ensure a break in the speech.

-q
  Quiet. No sound is generated. This may be useful with options such as -x and --pho.

-v <voice filename>[+<variant>]
  Sets a Voice for the speech, usually to select a language. eg:

         espeak -vaf

  To use the Afrikaans voice. A modifier after the voice name can be used to vary the tone of the voice, eg:

         espeak -vaf+3

  The variants are `+m1 +m2 +m3 +m4 +m5 +m6 +m7` for male voices and `+f1 +f2 +f3 +f4` which simulate female voices by using higher pitches. Other variants include `+croak` and `+whisper`.

  <voice filename> is a file within the `espeak-data/voices` directory.
  <variant> is a file within the `espeak-data/voices/!v` directory.

  Voice files can specify a language, alternative pronunciations or phoneme sets, different pitches, tonal qualities, and prosody for the voice. See the voices.html file.

  Voice names which start with mb- are for use with Mbrola diphone voices, see mbrola.html

  Some languages may need additional dictionary data, see languages.html

-w <wave file>
  Writes the speech output to a file in WAV format, rather than speaking it.

-x
  The phoneme mnemonics, into which the input text is translated, are written to stdout.

-X
  As -x, but in addition, details are shown of the pronunciation rule and dictionary list lookup. This can be useful to see why a certain pronunciation is being produced. Each matching pronunciation rule is listed, together with its score, the highest scoring rule being used in the translation. "Found:" indicates the word was found in the dictionary lookup list, and "Flags:" means the word was found with only properties and not a pronunciation. You can see when a word has been retranslated after removing a prefix or suffix.

-z
  The option removes the end-of-sentence pause which normally occurs at the end of the text.

--stdout
  Writes the speech output to stdout as it is produced, rather than speaking it. The data starts with a WAV file header which indicates the sample rate and format of the data. The length field is set to zero because the length of the data is unknown when the header is produced.

--compile [=<voice name>]
  Compile the pronunciation rule and dictionary lookup data from their source files in the current directory. The Voice determines which language's files are compiled. For example, if it's an English voice, then en_rules, en_list, and en_extra (if present), are compiled to replace en_dict in the speak-data directory. If no Voice is specified then the default Voice is used.

--compile-debug [=<voice name>]
  The same as --compile, but source line numbers from the *_rules file are included. These are included in the rules trace when the -X option is used.

--ipa
  Writes phonemes to stdout, using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

--path [="<directory path>"]
  Specifies the directory which contains the espeak-data directory.

--pho
  When used with an mbrola voice (eg. -v mb-en1), it writes mbrola phoneme data (.pho file format) to stdout. This includes the mbrola phoneme names with duration and pitch information, in a form which is suitable as input to this mbrola voice. The --phonout option can be used to write this data to a file.

--phonout [="<filename>"]
  If specified, the output from -x, -X, --ipa, and --pho options is written to this file, rather than to stdout.

--punct [="<characters>"]
  Speaks the names of punctuation characters when they are encountered in the text. If <characters> are given, then only those listed punctuation characters are spoken, eg. `--punct=".,;?"`

--split [=<minutes>]
  Used with -w, it starts a new WAV file every `<minutes>` minutes, at the next sentence boundary.

--voices [=<language code>]
  Lists the available voices.
  If =<language code> is present then only those voices which are suitable for that language are listed.
  `--voices=mbrola` lists the voices which use mbrola diphone voices. These are not included in the default `--voices` list
  `--voices=variant` lists the available voice variants (voice modifiers).

### 2.2.3 The Input Text

HTML Input
  If the -m option is used to indicate marked-up text, then HTML can be spoken directly.

Phoneme Input
  As well as plain text, phoneme mnemonics can be used in the text input to espeak. They are enclosed within double square brackets. Spaces are used to separate words and all stressed syllables must be marked explicitly.

  eg: `espeak -v en "[[D,Is Iz sVm f@n'EtIk t'Ekst 'InpUt]]"`

  This command will speak: "This is some phonetic text input".