GNU LilyPond 学習マニュアル: A.4 合唱

## A.4 合唱

### A.4.1 SATB ボーカル譜

これは標準の 4 パート SATB (ソプラノ、アルト、テナー、バス) ボーカル譜です。もっと大きな合唱では、すべてのパートで使用されるセクションをインクルードすると便利です。例えば、拍子記号と調号はほとんど常にすべてのパートで同じです。"賛美歌" テンプレートのように、4 つのボイスは 2 つの譜にグループ分けされています。

>     \paper {
>       top-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>       score-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       system-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       last-bottom-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>     }

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with {
>           % this is needed for lyrics above a staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>         }
>         \new Staff = "women" <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "altos" {
>             \voiceTwo
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = "altos"
>         \new Lyrics = "tenors" \with {
>           % this is needed for lyrics above a staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>         }
>         \new Staff = "men" <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "basses" {
>             \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = "basses"
>         \context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
>         \context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
>         \context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
>         \context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.2 SATB ボーカル譜と自動ピアノ譜

このテンプレートは、"合唱テンプレート"で示された標準の SATB ボーカル譜に自動ピアノ譜を付け加えています。これは LilyPond の強みの 1 つを示しています - 音楽定義を何回も使用することができます。ボーカルの音符 (例えば、`tenorMusic` の音符) に変更が加えられた場合、その変更はピアノ譜にも適用されます。

>     \paper {
>       top-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>       score-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       system-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
>       last-bottom-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
>     }

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords =\lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new ChoirStaff <<
>           \new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with {
>             % This is needed for lyrics above a staff
>             \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>           }
>           \new Staff = "women" <<
>             \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = "altos"
>           \new Lyrics = "tenors" \with {
>             % This is needed for lyrics above a staff
>             \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
>           }

>           \new Staff = "men" <<
>             \clef bass
>             \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = "basses"
>           \context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
>           \context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
>           \context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
>           \context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>         >>
>         \new PianoStaff <<
>           \new Staff <<
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           >>
>           \new Staff <<
>             \clef bass
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>             << \global \bassMusic >>
>           >>
>         >>
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.3 整列されたコンテキストを持つ SATB

このテンプレートは基本的に単純な "合唱" テンプレートと同じですが、歌詞が `alignAboveContext` と `alignBelowContext` を用いて配置されています。

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Staff = "women" <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"women" } \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"women" } \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
>         % we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
>         % the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords

>         \new Staff = "men" <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"men" } \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"men" } \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>         % again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.4 4 つの譜に配置された SATB

SATB choir template (four staves)

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>       \dynamicUp
>     }
>     sopranonotes = \relative c'' {
>       c2 \p \< d c d \f
>     }
>     sopranowords = \lyricmode { do do do do }
>     altonotes = \relative c'' {
>       c2\p d c d
>     }
>     altowords = \lyricmode { re re re re }
>     tenornotes = {
>       \clef "G_8"
>       c2\mp d c d
>     }
>     tenorwords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }
>     bassnotes = {
>       \clef bass
>       c2\mf d c d
>     }
>     basswords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "soprano" <<
>             \global
>             \sopranonotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "soprano" \new Lyrics \sopranowords
>         >>
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "alto" <<
>             \global
>             \altonotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "alto" \new Lyrics \altowords
>         >>
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "tenor" <<
>             \global
>             \tenornotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "tenor" \new Lyrics \tenorwords
>         >>
>         \new Staff <<
>           \new Voice = "bass" <<
>             \global
>             \bassnotes
>           >>
>           \lyricsto "bass" \new Lyrics \basswords
>         >>
>       >>
>     }

### A.4.5 ソロと 2 パートのリフレイン

This template creates a score which starts with a solo verse and continues into a refrain for two voices. It also demonstrates the use of spacer rests within the `\global` variable to define meter changes (and other elements common to all parts) throughout the entire score.

>     global = {
>       \key g \major

>       % verse
>       \time 3/4
>       s2.*2
>       \break

>       % refrain
>       \time 2/4
>       s2*2
>       \bar "|."
>     }

>     SoloNotes = \relative g' {
>       \clef "treble"

>       % verse
>       g4 g g |
>       b4 b b |

>       % refrain
>       R2*2 |
>     }

>     SoloLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       One two three |
>       four five six |
>     }

>     SopranoNotes = \relative c'' {
>       \clef "treble"

>       % verse
>       R2.*2 |

>       % refrain
>       c4 c |
>       g4 g |
>     }

>     SopranoLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       la la |
>       la la |
>     }

>     BassNotes = \relative c {
>       \clef "bass"

>       % verse
>       R2.*2 |

>       % refrain
>       c4 e |
>       d4 d |
>     }

>     BassLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       dum dum |
>       dum dum |
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new Voice = "SoloVoice" << \global \SoloNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics \lyricsto "SoloVoice" \SoloLyrics

>         \new ChoirStaff <<
>           \new Voice = "SopranoVoice" << \global \SopranoNotes >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "SopranoVoice" \SopranoLyrics

>           \new Voice = "BassVoice" << \global \BassNotes >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "BassVoice" \BassLyrics
>         >>
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         ragged-right = ##t
>         \context { \Staff
>           % these lines prevent empty staves from being printed
>           \RemoveEmptyStaves
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.4.6 Hymn tunes

This code shows one way of setting out a hymn tune when each line starts and ends with a partial measure. It also shows how to add the verses as stand-alone text under the music.

>     Timeline = {
>       \time 4/4
>       \tempo 4=96
>       \partial 2
>       s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||" \break
>       s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||"
>     }

>     SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>     }

>     AltoMusic = \relative c' {
>       d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
>       d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
>     }

>     TenorMusic = \relative a {
>       b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
>       b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
>     }

>     BassMusic =  \relative g {
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>       g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
>     }

>     global = {
>      \key g \major
>     }

>     \score {  % Start score
>       <<
>         \new PianoStaff <<  % Start pianostaff
>           \new Staff <<  % Start Staff = RH
>             \global
>             \clef "treble"
>             \new Voice = "Soprano" <<  % Start Voice = "Soprano"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceOne
>               \SopranoMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Soprano"
>             \new Voice = "Alto" <<  % Start Voice = "Alto"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceTwo
>               \AltoMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Alto"
>           >>  % End Staff = RH
>           \new Staff <<  % Start Staff = LH
>             \global
>             \clef "bass"
>             \new Voice = "Tenor" <<  % Start Voice = "Tenor"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceOne
>               \TenorMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Tenor"
>             \new Voice = "Bass" <<  % Start Voice = "Bass"
>               \Timeline
>               \voiceTwo
>               \BassMusic
>             >>  % End Voice = "Bass"
>           >>  % End Staff = LH
>         >>  % End pianostaff
>       >>
>     }  % End score

>     \markup {
>       \fill-line {
>         ""
>         {
>           \column {
>             \left-align {
>               "This is line one of the first verse"
>               "This is line two of the same"
>               "And here's line three of the first verse"
>               "And the last line of the same"
>             }
>           }
>         }
>         ""
>       }
>     }

>     \paper {  % Start paper block
>       indent = 0     % don't indent first system
>       line-width = 130   % shorten line length to suit music
>     }  % End paper block

### A.4.7 賛美歌

This template shows one way of setting out an Anglican psalm chant. It also shows how the verses may be added as stand-alone text under the music. The two verses are coded in different styles to demonstrate more possibilities.

>     SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
>       g1 | c2 b | a1 | \bar "||"
>       a1 | d2 c | c b | c1 | \bar "||"
>     }

>     AltoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e1 | g2 g | f1 |
>       f1 | f2 e | d d | e1 |
>     }

>     TenorMusic = \relative a {
>       c1 | c2 c | c1 |
>       d1 | g,2 g | g g | g1 |
>     }

>     BassMusic =  \relative c {
>       c1 | e2 e | f1 |
>       d1 | b2 c | g' g | c,1 |
>     }

>     global = {
>       \time 2/2
>     }

>     dot = \markup {
>       \raise #0.7 \musicglyph #"dots.dot"
>     }

>     tick = \markup {
>       \raise #1 \fontsize #-5 \musicglyph #"scripts.rvarcomma"
>     }

>     % Use markup to center the chant on the page
>     \markup {
>       \fill-line {
>         \score {  % centered
>           <<
>             \new ChoirStaff <<
>               \new Staff <<
>                 \global
>                 \clef "treble"
>                 \new Voice = "Soprano" <<
>                   \voiceOne
>                   \SopranoMusic
>                 >>
>                 \new Voice = "Alto" <<
>                   \voiceTwo
>                   \AltoMusic
>                 >>
>               >>
>               \new Staff <<
>                 \clef "bass"
>                 \global
>                 \new Voice = "Tenor" <<
>                   \voiceOne
>                   \TenorMusic
>                 >>
>                 \new Voice = "Bass" <<
>                   \voiceTwo
>                   \BassMusic
>                 >>
>               >>
>             >>
>           >>
>           \layout {
>             \context {
>               \Score
>               \override SpacingSpanner
>               #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
>             }
>             \context {
>               \Staff
>               \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
>             }
>           }
>         }  % End score
>       }
>     }  % End markup

>     \markup {
>       \fill-line {
>         \column {
>           \left-align {
>             \null \null \null
>             \line {
>               \fontsize #5 O
>               \fontsize #3 come
>               let us \bold sing | unto \dot the | Lord : let
>             }
>             \line {
>               us heartily
>               \concat { re \bold joice }
>               in the | strength of | our
>             }
>             \line {
>               sal | vation.
>             }
>             \null
>             \line {
>               \hspace #2.5 8. Today if ye will hear his voice *
>             }
>             \line {
>               \concat { \bold hard en }
>               \tick not your \tick hearts : as in the pro-
>             }
>             \line {
>               vocation * and as in the \bold day of tempt- \tick
>             }
>             \line {
>               -ation \tick in the \tick wilderness.
>             }
>           }
>         }
>       }
>     }

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