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1. Support information	=>	support-information-nl5gdn

1.1. Supported operating systems and languages	=>	supported-operating-systems-a5n2x4

1.2. Where to get support	=>	where-to-get-support-2s9na5

2. Installation	=>	installing-phusion-passenger-hn03ac

2.1. Synopsis	=>	synopsis-1uu3sqp

2.2. Installing or upgrading on Mac OS X with Homebrew	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-mac-os-x-with-homebrew-13ovvy9

2.3. Installing or upgrading on Debian or Ubuntu	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-ubuntu-fw5fvp

2.3.1. Adding our APT repository	=>	adding-our-apt-repository-p60cki

2.3.2. Installing packages	=>	installing-packages-j9glez

2.4. Installing or upgrading on Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS or ScientificLinux	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-red-hat-fedora-centos-or-scientificlinux-1uus5a1

2.5. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via RubyGems	=>	generic-installation-upgrade-and-downgrade-method-via-rubygems-76uol7

2.6. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via tarball	=>	generic-installation-upgrade-and-downgrade-method-via-tarball-2gkx43

2.7. Upgrading from open source to Enterprise	=>	upgrading-from-open-source-to-enterprise-1a58c2b

2.8. Cryptographic verification of installation files	=>	cryptographic-verification-of-installation-files-2goray

2.8.1. Synopsis	=>	synopsis-4fv6zw

2.8.2. Importing the Phusion Software Signing key	=>	importing-the-phusion-software-signing-key-1qfpaj4

2.8.3. Verifying the Phusion Software Signing key	=>	verifying-the-phusion-software-signing-key-i7f1vj

2.8.4. Verifying the gem and tarball	=>	verifying-the-gem-and-tarball-dr9466

2.8.5. Verifying Git signatures	=>	verifying-git-signatures-dyo4fk

2.8.6. Verifying DEB and RPM packages	=>	verifying-deb-and-rpm-packages-1ed36d5

2.8.7. Revocation	=>	revocation-xwvhea

2.9. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades	=>	non-interactive-automatic-headless-installs-or-upgrades-834ymv

2.10. Customizing the compilation process	=>	customizing-the-compilation-process-u4cdcf

2.10.1. Setting the compiler	=>	setting-the-compiler-1l6dpe1

2.10.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags	=>	adding-additional-compiler-or-linker-flags-1jehjon

2.10.3. Forcing location of command line tools and dependencies	=>	forcing-location-of-certain-command-line-tools-1j93cki

2.11. Installing as a normal Nginx module without using the installer	=>	installing-as-a-normal-nginx-module-without-using-the-installer-1kkpes5

2.12. Creating an Nginx init script	=>	creating-an-nginx-init-script-1kd8zg5

2.13. Disabling without uninstalling	=>	disabling-without-uninstalling-1t5tqan

2.14. Uninstalling	=>	uninstalling-phusion-passenger-wuycvb

2.15. Moving to a different directory	=>	moving-to-a-different-directory-gif3wo

3. Deploying a Ruby on Rails 1.x or 2.x (but NOT Rails >= 3) application	=>	deploying-a-ruby-on-rails-1-x-or-2-x-but-not-rails-3-application-b69gqa

3.1. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-1mh24z5

3.2. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-1il2qj7

3.3. Redeploying (restarting the Ruby on Rails application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-ruby-on-rails-application--1eso761

3.4. Migrations	=>	migrations-9yyb8w

3.5. Capistrano integration	=>	capistrano-integration-1ktunm6

4. Deploying a Rack-based Ruby application (including Rails >= 3)	=>	deploying-a-rack-based-ruby-application-including-rails-3--12benx3

4.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World Rack application	=>	tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-rack-application-1wstx99

4.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-f02erj

4.3. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-37q0ou

4.4. Redeploying (restarting the Rack application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-rack-application--xnbfam

4.5. Rackup specifications for various web frameworks	=>	rackup-specifications-for-various-web-frameworks-1a2cs41

4.5.1. Camping	=>	camping-16vz2yb

4.5.2. Halcyon	=>	halcyon-1benlfl

4.5.3. Mack	=>	mack-1ezijq6

4.5.4. Merb	=>	merb-ddsh55

4.5.5. Ramaze	=>	ramaze-1p2zod

4.5.6. Sinatra	=>	sinatra-a7u9ag

5. Deploying a WSGI (Python) application	=>	deploying-a-wsgi-python-application-1or2efo

5.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World WSGI application	=>	tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-wsgi-application-k5ron2

5.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-1chcpbj

5.3. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-5v6zmg

5.4. Redeploying (restarting the WSGI application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-wsgi-application--10zdh2k

6. Deploying a Node.js application	=>	deploying-a-node-js-application-15wbczd

7. Deploying a Meteor application	=>	deploying-a-meteor-application-1b51wl9

8. Configuring Phusion Passenger	=>	configuring-phusion-passenger-1g1svey

8.1. passenger_root <directory>	=>	passenger-root-directory--bqvhhz

8.2. Deployment options	=>	deployment-options-1a1vxsp

8.2.1. passenger_enabled <on|off>	=>	passenger-enabled-on-off--1rpb2t7

8.2.2. passenger_ruby <filename>	=>	passenger-ruby-filename--1gnok5k

8.2.3. passenger_python <filename>	=>	passenger-python-filename--14p554

8.2.4. passenger_nodejs <filename>	=>	passenger-nodejs-filename--16hzjsv

8.2.5. passenger_app_env <string>	=>	passenger-app-env-string--qjeimp

8.2.6. rails_env <string>	=>	rails-env-string--jlh7v9

8.2.7. rack_env <string>	=>	rack-env-string--tqmrt0

8.2.8. passenger_app_root <path/to/root>	=>	passenger-app-root-path-to-root--1dbudc6

8.2.9. passenger_base_uri <uri>	=>	passenger-base-uri-uri--1xtuo50

8.2.10. passenger_document_root <path>	=>	passenger-document-root-path--1pge8kd

8.2.11. passenger_spawn_method <string>	=>	passenger-spawn-method-string--1sc6njl

8.2.12. passenger_load_shell_envvars <on|off>	=>	passenger-load-shell-envvars-on-off--fw5u4l

8.2.13. passenger_rolling_restarts <on|off>	=>	passenger-rolling-restarts

8.2.14. passenger_resist_deployment_errors <on|off>	=>	passenger-resist-deployment-errors-on-off--k9yf1

8.3. Connection handling options	=>	connection-handling-options-8jgq90

8.3.1. passenger_ignore_client_abort <on|off>	=>	passenger-ignore-client-abort

8.3.2. passenger_set_cgi_param <CGI environment name> <value>	=>	passenger-set-cgi-param-cgi-environment-name-value--rx9gc0

8.3.3. passenger_pass_header <header name>	=>	passenger-pass-header-header-name--1cg31je

8.3.4. passenger_buffer_response <on|off>	=>	passenger-buffer-response

8.3.5. passenger_buffer_size	=>	passenger-buffer-size-1jfkq87

8.3.6. passenger_buffers	=>	passenger-busy-buffers

8.3.7. passenger_busy_buffer_size	=>	passenger-busy-buffer-size-124sj61

8.3.8. passenger_intercept_errors <on|off>	=>	passenger-intercept-errors-1uvcb9x

8.3.9. passenger_max_request_queue_size <number>	=>	passenger-max-request-queue-size-number--i0te1b

8.3.10. passenger_request_queue_overflow_status_code <code>	=>	passenger-request-queue-overflow-status-code-code--1wcwuxl

8.4. Security options	=>	security-options-1bv93g4

8.4.1. passenger_user_switching <on|off>	=>	passenger-user-switching-on-off--1p37u3l

8.4.2. passenger_user <username>	=>	passenger-user-username--b06ur7

8.4.3. passenger_group <group name>	=>	passenger-user-group-name--1fco4j7

8.4.4. passenger_default_user <username>	=>	passenger-default-user-username--1h6cdmf

8.4.5. Passenger_default_group <group name>	=>	passenger-default-group-group-name--1qxn2qa

8.4.6. passenger_show_version_in_header <on|off>	=>	passenger-show-version-in-header-on-off--2h49av

8.4.7. passenger_friendly_error_pages <on|off>	=>	passenger-friendly-error-pages-on-off--1ti1a0e

8.5. Resource control and optimization options	=>	resource-control-and-optimization-options-xd7evs

8.5.1. passenger_max_pool_size <integer>	=>	passenger-max-pool-size-integer--3jzefs

8.5.2. passenger_min_instances <integer>	=>	passenger-min-instances-integer--uclykt

8.5.3. passenger_max_instances <integer>	=>	passenger-max-instances

8.5.4. passenger_max_instances_per_app <integer>	=>	passenger-max-instances-per-app-integer--1xhbbne

8.5.5. passenger_pool_idle_time <integer>	=>	passenger-pool-idle-time-integer--xcw65o

8.5.6. passenger_max_preloader_idle_time <integer>	=>	rails-app-spawner-idle-time-integer--1xjqe4b

8.5.7. passenger_start_timeout <seconds>	=>	passenger-start-timeout-seconds--8xn504

8.5.8. passenger_concurrency_model <process|thread>	=>	passenger-concurrency-model-process-thread--brcvkk

8.5.9. passenger_thread_count <number>	=>	passenger-thread-count-number--1kd6ffy

8.5.10. passenger_max_requests <integer>	=>	passenger-max-requests-integer--sgzint

8.5.11. passenger_max_request_time <seconds>	=>	passenger-max-request-time-seconds--1htog2g

8.5.12. passenger_memory_limit <integer>	=>	passenger-memory-limit-integer--1ry7dwx

8.5.13. passenger_pre_start <url>	=>	passenger-pre-start-url--npldeb

8.6. Logging and debugging options	=>	logging-and-debugging-options-14e91ni

8.6.1. passenger_log_level <integer>	=>	passenger-log-level-integer--17snhon

8.6.2. passenger_debug_log_file <filename>	=>	passenger-debug-log-file-filename--21ubaj

8.6.3. passenger_debugger <on|off>	=>	passenger-debugger-on-off--1wkuq85

8.7. Advanced options	=>	advanced-options-hnuhqz

8.7.1. passenger_temp_dir <directory>	=>	passenger-temp-dir-directory--1t3opri

8.7.2. passenger_fly_with <socket filename>	=>	passenger-fly-with-socket-filename--1amd1xn

8.8. Deprecated options	=>	deprecated-options-1dtzo0g

8.8.1. rails_spawn_method	=>	rails-spawn-method-17vdnpt

9. Troubleshooting	=>	troubleshooting-1pt0c76

9.1. Generic troubleshooting tips	=>	generic-troubleshooting-tips-xhe4nu

9.2. Why does the first request take a long time?	=>	why-does-the-first-request-take-a-long-time--1knj9fp

9.3. Upon accessing the web app, Nginx reports a "Permission denied" error	=>	upon-accessing-the-web-app-nginx-reports-a-permission-denied-error-1wgatlk

9.4. I get "command not found" when running a Phusion Passenger command through sudo	=>	i-get-command-not-found-when-running-a-phusion-passenger-command-through-sudo-10fzwno

9.5. The application thinks its not on SSL even though it is	=>	the-application-thinks-its-not-on-ssl-even-though-it-is-1e2m21h

9.6. Ruby on Rails-specific troubleshooting	=>	ruby-on-rails-specific-troubleshooting-n8u5u1

9.6.1. The "About your application’s environment" link does not work	=>	the-about-your-application-s-environment-link-does-not-work-9p7b2g

9.6.2. The Rails application reports that it’s unable to start because of a permission error	=>	the-rails-application-reports-that-it-s-unable-to-start-because-of-a-permission-error-58ww8s

9.6.3. The Rails application’s log file is not being written to	=>	the-rails-application-s-log-file-is-not-being-written-to-9m2i5h

10. Analysis and system maintenance	=>	analysis-and-system-maintenance-1nnlnj8

10.1. Inspecting memory usage	=>	inspecting-memory-usage-1k6y8v0

10.2. Inspecting Phusion Passenger’s internal status	=>	inspecting-phusion-passenger-s-internal-status-v36wbc

10.3. Debugging frozen applications	=>	debugging-frozen-applications-qoctl8

10.4. Accessing individual application processes	=>	accessing-individual-application-processes-1qe4fqk

10.5. Attaching an IRB console to an application process	=>	attaching-an-irb-console-to-an-application-process-d36enw

11. Tips	=>	tips-n4c22d

11.1. User Switching (security feature)	=>	user-switching-security--zmsy9o

11.1.1. Requirements	=>	requirements-15ozqdj

11.1.2. Effects	=>	effects-nd2m44

11.1.3. Caveats & troubleshooting	=>	caveats-troubleshooting-mbw582

11.1.4. Finding out what user an application is running as	=>	finding-out-what-user-an-application-is-running-as-1ni7zk6

11.2. Copy-on-write memory support (reducing memory consumption of Ruby applications)	=>	reducing-memory-consumption-of-ruby-on-rails-applications-by-33--1o3z66q

11.3. Capistrano recipe	=>	capistrano-recipe-pfn4qu

11.4. Bundler support	=>	bundler-support-19v1h43

11.4.1. Does Phusion Passenger itself need to be added to the Gemfile?	=>	does-phusion-passenger-itself-need-to-be-added-to-the-gemfile--xn1a11

11.5. Installing multiple Ruby on Rails versions	=>	installing-multiple-ruby-on-rails-versions-1bp1fff

11.6. Making the application restart after each request	=>	making-the-application-restart-after-each-request-vimy48

11.7. How to fix broken images/CSS/JavaScript URIs in sub-URI deployments	=>	how-to-fix-broken-images-css-javascript-uris-in-sub-uri-deployments-11mzwt6

11.8. Out-of-Band Work and Out-of-Band Garbage Collection	=>	out-of-band-work-and-out-of-band-garbage-collection-v89lu2

11.9. Hooks	=>	hooks-qrxle1

11.9.1. Example	=>	example-1orara9

11.9.2. Environment	=>	environment-10uhg8m

11.9.3. Blocking and concurrency	=>	blocking-and-concurrency-g5njp1

11.9.4. Error handling	=>	error-handling-m78oxs

11.9.5. Compatibility	=>	compatibility-132b3ns

11.9.6. Available hooks	=>	available-hooks-11w1prq

11.10. Flying Passenger	=>	flying-passenger-137qg5e

11.10.1. Requirements	=>	requirements-194ysj6

11.10.2. Basic usage	=>	basic-usage-1qtgvwx

11.10.3. Configuring Flying Passenger	=>	configuring-flying-passenger-n558np

11.10.4. Managing the Flying Passenger daemon	=>	managing-the-flying-passenger-daemon-vjmzdh

11.10.5. Using Flying Passenger with MRI 1.8 or JRuby	=>	using-flying-passenger-with-mri-1-8-or-jruby-pxho35

11.10.6. Caveats and limitations	=>	caveats-and-limitations-15wakf

12. Under the hood	=>	under-the-hood-8uney

12.1. Page caching support	=>	page-caching-support-nafhf6

12.2. Phusion Passenger and its relationship with Ruby	=>	phusion-passenger-and-its-relationship-with-ruby-1hub1pa

12.2.1. How Ruby is used	=>	how-ruby-is-used-j7g2a4

12.2.2. When the system has multiple Ruby interpreters	=>	when-the-system-has-multiple-ruby-interpreters-fwn3t

12.3. How Phusion Passenger detects whether a virtual host is a web application	=>	how-phusion-passenger-detects-whether-a-virtual-host-is-a-web-application-13qbmhn

13. Appendix A: About this document	=>	appendix-a-about-this-document-zfvixm

14. Appendix B: Terminology	=>	appendix-b-terminology-wzv5ro

14.1. Application root	=>	application-root-1fd6bqv

14.2. Idle process	=>	idle-process-13byfw9

14.3. Inactive process	=>	inactive-process-1d2h0po

15. Appendix C: Spawning methods explained	=>	appendix-c-spawning-methods-explained-tcp8e6

15.1. The most straightforward and traditional way: direct spawning	=>	the-most-straightforward-and-traditional-way-conservative-spawning-civ29z

15.2. The smart spawning method	=>	the-smart-spawning-method-7nhgtj

15.2.1. How it works	=>	how-it-works-f9umga

15.2.2. Summary of benefits	=>	summary-of-benefits-qovyvk

15.3. Smart spawning gotcha #1: unintentional file descriptor sharing	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-1-unintentional-file-descriptor-sharing-cebw6q

15.3.1. Example 1: Memcached connection sharing (harmful)	=>	example-1-memcached-connection-sharing-harmful--1wfs3ad

15.3.2. Example 2: Log file sharing (not harmful)	=>	example-2-log-file-sharing-not-harmful--ox4yfy

15.4. Smart spawning gotcha #2: the need to revive threads	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-2-the-need-to-revive-threads-1ey176o

15.5. Smart spawning gotcha #3: code load order	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-3-code-load-order-12ydsn8

16. Appendix D: About environment variables	=>	appendix-d-about-environment-variables-1t2cuff

16.1. Working with environment variables	=>	working-with-environment-variables-1kmvq8w

16.2. The PATH environment variable	=>	the-path-environment-variable-vlp05e

16.2.1. Adding Phusion Passenger’s administration tools to PATH	=>	adding-phusion-passenger-s-administration-tools-to-path-1flz2tu

16.3. Making environment variables permanent	=>	making-environment-variables-permanent-1wjyhzt

16.3.1. bash	=>	bash-19xsxec

16.3.2. Apache	=>	apache-9hqtyj

16.3.3. Nginx	=>	nginx-157dpwy

16.3.4. cron	=>	cron-1nuc9cz

16.3.5. Phusion Passenger-served apps	=>	phusion-passenger-served-apps-uiewl5

16.4. Environment variables and sudo	=>	environment-variables-and-sudo-10lphxn

