PWD(1)                     POSIX Programmer's Manual                    PWD(1)



PPRROOLLOOGG
       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The OS
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
       OS manual page for details of OS behavior), or the interface may not be
       implemented on OS.


NNAAMMEE
       pwd -- return working directory name

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       pwd [[-L|-P]]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       The _p_w_d utility shall write to standard output an absolute pathname of
       the current working directory, which does not contain the filenames dot
       or dot-dot.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       The _p_w_d utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
       POSIX.1-2008, _S_e_c_t_i_o_n _1_2_._2, _U_t_i_l_i_t_y _S_y_n_t_a_x _G_u_i_d_e_l_i_n_e_s.

       The following options shall be supported by the implementation:

       --LL        If the _P_W_D environment variable contains an absolute pathname
                 of the current directory that does not contain the filenames
                 dot or dot-dot, _p_w_d shall write this pathname to standard
                 output. Otherwise, if the _P_W_D environment variable contains a
                 pathname of the current directory that is longer than
                 {PATH_MAX} bytes including the terminating null, and the
                 pathname does not contain any components that are dot or dot-
                 dot, it is unspecified whether _p_w_d writes this pathname to
                 standard output or behaves as if the --PP option had been
                 specified. Otherwise, the --LL option shall behave as the --PP
                 option.

       --PP        The pathname written to standard output shall not contain any
                 components that refer to files of type symbolic link. If
                 there are multiple pathnames that the _p_w_d utility could write
                 to standard output, one beginning with a single <slash>
                 character and one or more beginning with two <slash>
                 characters, then it shall write the pathname beginning with a
                 single <slash> character. The pathname shall not contain any
                 unnecessary <slash> characters after the leading one or two
                 <slash> characters.

       If both --LL and --PP are specified, the last one shall apply. If neither
       --LL nor --PP is specified, the _p_w_d utility shall behave as if --LL had been
       specified.

OOPPEERRAANNDDSS
       None.

SSTTDDIINN
       Not used.

IINNPPUUTT FFIILLEESS
       None.

EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of _p_w_d:

       _L_A_N_G      Provide a default value for the internationalization
                 variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions
                 volume of POSIX.1-2008, _S_e_c_t_i_o_n _8_._2, _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_i_z_a_t_i_o_n
                 _V_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s the precedence of internationalization variables
                 used to determine the values of locale categories.)

       _L_C___A_L_L    If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of
                 all the other internationalization variables.

       _L_C___M_E_S_S_A_G_E_S
                 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format
                 and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
                 error.

       _N_L_S_P_A_T_H   Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing
                 of _L_C___M_E_S_S_A_G_E_S.

       _P_W_D       An absolute pathname of the current working directory. If an
                 application sets or unsets the value of _P_W_D, the behavior of
                 _p_w_d is unspecified.

AASSYYNNCCHHRROONNOOUUSS EEVVEENNTTSS
       Default.

SSTTDDOOUUTT
       The _p_w_d utility output is an absolute pathname of the current working
       directory:

           ""%%ss\\nn"",, <<_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e>

SSTTDDEERRRR
       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OOUUTTPPUUTT FFIILLEESS
       None.

EEXXTTEENNDDEEDD DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       None.

EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

        0    Successful completion.

       >0    An error occurred.

CCOONNSSEEQQUUEENNCCEESS OOFF EERRRROORRSS
       If an error is detected, output shall not be written to standard
       output, a diagnostic message shall be written to standard error, and
       the exit status is not zero.

       _T_h_e _f_o_l_l_o_w_i_n_g _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s _a_r_e _i_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_.

AAPPPPLLIICCAATTIIOONN UUSSAAGGEE
       If the pathname obtained from _p_w_d is longer than {PATH_MAX} bytes, it
       could produce an error if passed to _c_d.  Therefore, in order to return
       to that directory it may be necessary to break the pathname into
       sections shorter than {PATH_MAX} and call _c_d on each section in turn
       (the first section being an absolute pathname and subsequent sections
       being relative pathnames).

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
       None.

RRAATTIIOONNAALLEE
       Some implementations have historically provided _p_w_d as a shell special
       built-in command.

       In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output may be written to
       standard output. This does not happen in historical implementations of
       _p_w_d.  Because _p_w_d is frequently used in historical shell scripts
       without checking the exit status, it is important that the historical
       behavior is required here; therefore, the CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       section specifically disallows any partial output being written to
       standard output.

       An earlier version of this standard stated that the _P_W_D environment
       variable was affected when the --PP option was in effect. This was
       incorrect; conforming implementations do not do this.

FFUUTTUURREE DDIIRREECCTTIIOONNSS
       None.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       _c_d

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2008, _C_h_a_p_t_e_r _8, _E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t
       _V_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s, _S_e_c_t_i_o_n _1_2_._2, _U_t_i_l_i_t_y _S_y_n_t_a_x _G_u_i_d_e_l_i_n_e_s

       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1-2008, _g_e_t_c_w_d()

CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  (This is
       POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
       is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
       at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .



IEEE/The Open Group                  2013                               PWD(1)
