(************************************************************************)
(*         *   The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team       *)
(*  v      *   INRIA, CNRS and contributors - Copyright 1999-2018       *)
(* <O___,, *       (see CREDITS file for the list of authors)           *)
(*   \VV/  **************************************************************)
(*    //   *    This file is distributed under the terms of the         *)
(*         *     GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1          *)
(*         *     (see LICENSE file for the text of the license)         *)
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(** * Decimal numbers *)

(** These numbers coded in base 10 will be used for parsing and printing
    other Coq numeral datatypes in an human-readable way.
    See the [Numeral Notation] command.
    We represent numbers in base 10 as lists of decimal digits,
    in big-endian order (most significant digit comes first). *)

(** Unsigned integers are just lists of digits.
    For instance, ten is (D1 (D0 Nil)) *)

Inductive uint :=
 | Nil
 | D0 (_:uint)
 | D1 (_:uint)
 | D2 (_:uint)
 | D3 (_:uint)
 | D4 (_:uint)
 | D5 (_:uint)
 | D6 (_:uint)
 | D7 (_:uint)
 | D8 (_:uint)
 | D9 (_:uint).

(** [Nil] is the number terminator. Taken alone, it behaves as zero,
    but rather use [D0 Nil] instead, since this form will be denoted
    as [0], while [Nil] will be printed as [Nil]. *)

Notation zero := (D0 Nil).

(** For signed integers, we use two constructors [Pos] and [Neg]. *)

Inductive int := Pos (d:uint) | Neg (d:uint).

Delimit Scope uint_scope with uint.
Bind Scope uint_scope with uint.
Delimit Scope int_scope with int.
Bind Scope int_scope with int.

(** This representation favors simplicity over canonicity.
    For normalizing numbers, we need to remove head zero digits,
    and choose our canonical representation of 0 (here [D0 Nil]
    for unsigned numbers and [Pos (D0 Nil)] for signed numbers). *)

(** [nzhead] removes all head zero digits *)

Fixpoint nzhead d :=
  match d with
  | D0 d => nzhead d
  | _ => d
  end.

(** [unorm] : normalization of unsigned integers *)

Definition unorm d :=
  match nzhead d with
  | Nil => zero
  | d => d
  end.

(** [norm] : normalization of signed integers *)

Definition norm d :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => Pos (unorm d)
  | Neg d =>
    match nzhead d with
    | Nil => Pos zero
    | d => Neg d
    end
  end.

(** A few easy operations. For more advanced computations, use the conversions
    with other Coq numeral datatypes (e.g. Z) and the operations on them. *)

Definition opp (d:int) :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => Neg d
  | Neg d => Pos d
  end.

(** For conversions with binary numbers, it is easier to operate
    on little-endian numbers. *)

Fixpoint revapp (d d' : uint) :=
  match d with
  | Nil => d'
  | D0 d => revapp d (D0 d')
  | D1 d => revapp d (D1 d')
  | D2 d => revapp d (D2 d')
  | D3 d => revapp d (D3 d')
  | D4 d => revapp d (D4 d')
  | D5 d => revapp d (D5 d')
  | D6 d => revapp d (D6 d')
  | D7 d => revapp d (D7 d')
  | D8 d => revapp d (D8 d')
  | D9 d => revapp d (D9 d')
  end.

Definition rev d := revapp d Nil.

Module Little.

(** Successor of little-endian numbers *)

Fixpoint succ d :=
  match d with
  | Nil => D1 Nil
  | D0 d => D1 d
  | D1 d => D2 d
  | D2 d => D3 d
  | D3 d => D4 d
  | D4 d => D5 d
  | D5 d => D6 d
  | D6 d => D7 d
  | D7 d => D8 d
  | D8 d => D9 d
  | D9 d => D0 (succ d)
  end.

(** Doubling little-endian numbers *)

Fixpoint double d :=
  match d with
  | Nil => Nil
  | D0 d => D0 (double d)
  | D1 d => D2 (double d)
  | D2 d => D4 (double d)
  | D3 d => D6 (double d)
  | D4 d => D8 (double d)
  | D5 d => D0 (succ_double d)
  | D6 d => D2 (succ_double d)
  | D7 d => D4 (succ_double d)
  | D8 d => D6 (succ_double d)
  | D9 d => D8 (succ_double d)
  end

with succ_double d :=
  match d with
  | Nil => D1 Nil
  | D0 d => D1 (double d)
  | D1 d => D3 (double d)
  | D2 d => D5 (double d)
  | D3 d => D7 (double d)
  | D4 d => D9 (double d)
  | D5 d => D1 (succ_double d)
  | D6 d => D3 (succ_double d)
  | D7 d => D5 (succ_double d)
  | D8 d => D7 (succ_double d)
  | D9 d => D9 (succ_double d)
  end.

End Little.
