;;; -*-  Mode: Lisp; Package: Maxima; Syntax: Common-Lisp; Base: 10 -*- ;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;     The data in this file contains enhancments.                    ;;;;;
;;;                                                                    ;;;;;
;;;  Copyright (c) 1984,1987 by William Schelter,University of Texas   ;;;;;
;;;     All rights reserved                                            ;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;     (c) Copyright 1982 Massachusetts Institute of Technology         ;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

(in-package :maxima)

(macsyma-module result)

(declare-top (special varlist genvar $ratfac $keepfloat modulus *alpha xv))

(load-macsyma-macros ratmac)

(defmfun $poly_discriminant (poly var)
  (let* ((varlist (list var))
	 ($ratfac nil)
	 (genvar ())
	 (rform (rform poly))
	 (rvar (car (last genvar)))
	 (n (pdegree (setq poly (car rform)) rvar)))

    (cond ((= n 1) 1)
	  ((or (= n 0) (not (atom  (cdr rform))))
	   (merror (intl:gettext "poly_discriminant: first argument must be a polynomial in ~:M; found: ~M") var poly))
	  (t (pdis (presign
		    (ash (* n (1- n)) -1)
		    (pquotient (resultant poly (pderivative poly rvar))
			       (p-lc poly))))))))

(defmfun $resultant (a b mainvar)
  (let ((varlist (list mainvar)) (genvar nil)
        ($ratfac t) ($keepfloat nil)
        formflag res (ans 1))
    (when ($ratp a) (setf a ($ratdisrep a) formflag t))
    (when ($ratp b) (setf b ($ratdisrep b) formflag t))
    (newvar a)
    (newvar b)
    (setq a (lmake2 (cadr (ratrep* a)) nil))
    (setq b (lmake2 (cadr (ratrep* b)) nil))
    (setq mainvar (caadr (ratrep* mainvar)))

    (dolist (a-term a)
      (dolist (b-term b)
        (setq res (result1 (car a-term) (car b-term) mainvar))
        (setq ans (ptimes ans
                          (pexpt
                           (if (zerop (third res))
                               (first res)
                               (ptimeschk (first res)
                                          (pexpt (makprod (second res) nil)
                                                 (third res))))
                           (* (cdr a-term) (cdr b-term)))))))

    (if formflag (pdis* ans) (pdis ans))))

(defun result1 (p1 p2 var)
  (cond ((or (pcoefp p1) (pointergp var (car p1)))
	 (list 1 p1 (pdegree p2 var)))
	((or (pcoefp p2) (pointergp var (car p2)))
	 (list 1 p2 (pdegree p1 var)))
	((null (cdddr p1))
	 (cond ((null (cdddr p2)) (list 0 0 1))
	       (t (list (pexpt (caddr p1) (cadr p2))
			(pcsubsty 0 var p2)
			(cadr p1)))))
	((null (cdddr p2))
	 (list (pexpt (caddr p2) (cadr p1))
	       (pcsubsty 0 var p1)
	       (cadr p2)))
	((> (setq var (gcd (pgcdexpon p1) (pgcdexpon p2))) 1)
	 (list 1 (resultant (pexpon*// p1 var nil)
			    (pexpon*// p2 var nil)) var))
	(t (list 1 (resultant p1 p2) 1))))

(defmvar $resultant '$subres "Designates which resultant algorithm")

(defvar *resultlist '($subres $mod $red))

(defun resultant (p1 p2)		;assumes same main var
  (if (> (p-le p2) (p-le p1))
      (presign (* (p-le p1) (p-le p2)) (resultant p2 p1))
      (case $resultant
	($subres (subresult p1 p2))
	#+broken ($mod (modresult p1 p2))
	($red (redresult p1 p2))
	(t (merror (intl:gettext "resultant: no such algorithm: ~M") $resultant)))))

(defun presign (n p)
  (if (oddp n) (pminus p) p))

;; Computes resultant using subresultant PRS. See Brown, "The Subresultant PRS
;; Algorithm" (TOMS Sept. 1978). This is Algorithm 1, as found on page 241.
;;
;; This routine will not work if the coefficients contain hidden copies of the
;; main polynomial variable. For example, if P is x*sqrt(x^2-1) + 2 then, when
;; encoded as a polynomial in x, it appears as x*c + 2 for some (opaque)
;; c. While doing the PRS calculation, the SUBRESULT code will square c, causing
;; extra x's to appear and making the degree of polynomials derived from P
;; behave erratically. The code might error or, worse, return a wrong result.
;;
;; Write G[1] = P, G[2] = Q and write g[i] for the leading coefficient of
;; G[i]. On the k'th iteration of the loop, we are computing G[k+2], which is
;; given by the formula
;;
;;    G[k+2] = (-1)^(delta[k]+1) prem(G[k], G[k+1]) / (g[k] h[k]^delta[k])
;;
;; except we set the denominator to 1 when k=1. Here, h[2] = g[2]^delta[1] and,
;; for i >= 3, satisfies the recurrence:
;;
;;    h[i] = g[i]^delta[i-1] h[i-1]^(1 - delta[i-1])
;;
;; Here, delta[i] = deg(G[i]) - deg(G[i+1]), which is non-negative.
;;
;; Dictionary between program variables and values computed by the algorithm:
;;
;;   - g is set to g[i-2]
;;   - h is set to g[i-2]^d / "h^1-d"
;;
;;   Since d and h^1-d haven't yet been set on this iteration, they get their
;;   previous values, which turn out to give:
;;
;;   - h is set to g[i-2]^delta[i-3] h[i-3]^[1-delta[i-3]] which, substituting
;;     above, is h[i-2].
;;
;;   Continuing:
;;
;;   - degq is set to deg(G[i-1])
;;   - d is set to delta[i-2]
;;   - h^1-d is (confusingly!) set to h[i-2]^(delta[i-2] - 1).

(defun subresult (p q)
  (loop for g = 1 then (p-lc p)
	 for h = 1 then (pquotient (pexpt g d) h^1-d)
	 for degq = (pdegree q (p-var p))
	 for d = (- (p-le p) degq)
	 for h^1-d = (if (equal h 1) 1 (pexpt h (1- d)))
	 if (zerop degq) return (if (pzerop q) q (pquotient (pexpt q d) h^1-d))
	 do (psetq p q
		   q (presign (1+ d) (pquotient (prem p q)
						 (ptimes g (ptimes h h^1-d)))))))

;;	PACKAGE FOR CALCULATING MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIAL RESULTANTS
;;	USING MODIFIED REDUCED P.R.S.

(defun redresult (u v)
  (prog (a r sigma c)
     (setq a 1)
     (setq sigma 0)
     (setq c 1)
     a    (if (pzerop (setq r (prem u v))) (return (pzero)))
     (setq c (ptimeschk c (pexpt (p-lc v)
				 (* (- (p-le u) (p-le v))
				     (- (p-le v) (pdegree r (p-var u))
					 1)))))
     (setq sigma (+ sigma (* (p-le u) (p-le v))))
     (if (zerop (pdegree r (p-var u)))
	 (return
	   (presign sigma
		    (pquotient (pexpt (pquotientchk r a) (p-le v)) c))))
     (psetq u v
	    v (pquotientchk r a)
	    a (pexpt (p-lc v) (+ (p-le u) 1 (- (p-le v)))))
     (go a)))


;;	PACKAGE FOR CALCULATING MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIAL RESULTANTS
;;	USING MODULAR AND EVALUATION HOMOMORPHISMS.
;; modresultant fails on the following example
;;RESULTANT(((-4)*Z)^4+(Y+8*Z)^4+(X-5*Z)^4-1,
;;	       ((-4)*Z)^4-(X-5*Z)^3*((-4)*Z)^3+(Y+8*Z)^3*((-4)*Z)^2
;;			 +(-2)*(Y+8*Z)^4+((-4)*Z)^4+1,Z)

#+broken
(progn
  (defun modresult (a b)
    (modresult1 a b (sort (union* (listovars a) (listovars b))
			  (function pointergp))))

  (defun modresult1 (x y varl)
    (cond ((null modulus) (pres x y (car varl) (cdr varl)))
	  (t (cpres x y (car varl) (cdr varl))) ))

  (defun pres (a b xr1 varl)
    (prog (m n f a* b* c* p q c modulus)
       (setq m (cadr a))
       (setq n (cadr b))
       (setq f (coefbound m n (maxnorm (cdr a)) (maxnorm (cdr b)) ))
       (setq q 1)
       (setq c 0)
       (setq p *alpha)
       (go step3)
       step2	(setq p (newprime p))
       step3	(set-modulus p)
       (setq a* (pmod a))
       (setq b* (pmod b))
       (cond ((or (reject a* m xr1) (reject b* n xr1)) (go step2)))
       (setq c* (cpres a* b* xr1 varl))
       (set-modulus nil)
       (setq c (lagrange3 c c* p q))
       (setq q (* p q))
       (cond ((> q f) (return c))
	     (t (go step2)) ) ))

  (defun reject (a m xv)
    (not (eqn (pdegree a xv) m)))

  (defun coefbound (m n d e)
    (* 2 (expt (1+ m) (ash n -1))
	   (expt (1+ n) (ash m -1))
	   (cond ((oddp n) (1+ ($isqrt (1+ m))))
		 (t 1))
	   (cond ((oddp m) (1+ ($isqrt (1+ n))))
		 (t 1))
	   ;; (FACTORIAL (PLUS M N)) USED TO REPLACE PREV. 4 LINES. KNU II P. 375
	   (expt d n)
	   (expt e m) ))

  (defun main2 (a var exp tot)
    (cond ((null a) (cons exp tot))
	  (t (main2 (cddr a) var
		    (max (setq var (pdegree (cadr a) var)) exp)
		    (max (+ (car a) var) tot))) ))

  (defun cpres (a b xr1 varl)		;XR1 IS MAIN VAR WHICH
    (cond ((null varl) (cpres1 (cdr a) (cdr b))) ;RESULTANT ELIMINATES
	  (t	(prog (  m2 		  ( m1 (cadr a))
		       ( n1 (cadr b))  n2 (k 0) c d a* b* c* bp xv) ;XV IS INTERPOLATED VAR
		   (declare (fixnum m1 n1 k))

		   step2
		   (setq xv (car varl))
		   (setq varl (cdr varl))
		   (setq m2 (main2 (cdr a) xv 0 0)) ;<XV DEG . TOTAL DEG>
		   (setq n2 (main2 (cdr b) xv 0 0))
		   (cond ((zerop (+ (car m2) (car n2)))
			  (cond ((null varl) (return (cpres1 (cdr a) (cdr b))))
				(t (go step2)) ) ))
		   (setq k (1+ (min (+ (* m1 (car n2)) (* n1 (car m2)))
				     (+ (* m1 (cdr n2)) (* n1 (cdr m2))
					 (- (* m1 n1))) )))
		   (setq c 0)
		   (setq d 1)
		   (setq m2 (car m2) n2 (car n2))
		   (setq bp (- 1))
		   step3
		   (cond ((equal (setq bp (1+ bp)) modulus)
			  (merror "CPRES: resultant primes too small."))
			 ((zerop m2) (setq a* a))
			 (t (setq a* (pcsubst a bp xv))
			    (cond ((reject a* m1 xr1)(go step3)) )) )
		   (cond ((zerop n2) (setq b* b))
			 (t (setq b* (pcsubst b bp xv))
			    (cond ((reject b* n1 xr1) (go step3))) ))
		   (setq c* (cpres a* b* xr1 varl))
		   (setq c (lagrange33 c c* d bp))
		   (setq d (ptimeschk d (list xv 1 1 0 (cminus bp))))
		   (cond ((> (cadr d) k) (return c))
			 (t (go step3))))))))


;; *** NOTE THAT MATRIX PRODUCED IS ALWAYS SYMETRIC
;; *** ABOUT THE MINOR DIAGONAL.

(defmfun $bezout (p q var)
  (let ((varlist (list var)) genvar)
    (newvar p)
    (newvar q)
    (setq p (cadr (ratrep* p))
	  q (cadr (ratrep* q)))
    (setq p (cond ((> (cadr q) (cadr p)) (bezout q p))
		  (t (bezout p q))))
    (cons '($matrix)
	  (mapcar #'(lambda (l) (cons '(mlist) (mapcar 'pdis l)))
		  p))))

(defun vmake (poly n *l)
  (do ((i (1- n) (1- i))) ((minusp i))
    (cond ((or (null poly) (< (car poly) i))
	   (setq *l (cons 0 *l)))
	  (t (setq *l (cons (cadr poly) *l))
	     (setq poly (cddr poly)))))
  (nreverse *l))

(defun bezout (p q)
  (let* ((n (1+ (p-le p)))
	 (n2 (- n (p-le q)))
	 (a (vmake (p-terms p) n nil))
	 (b (vmake (p-terms q) n nil))
	 (ar (reverse (nthcdr n2 a)))
	 (br (reverse (nthcdr n2 b)))
	 (l (make-list n :initial-element 0)))
    (rplacd (nthcdr (1- (p-le p)) a) nil)
    (rplacd (nthcdr (1- (p-le p)) b) nil)
    (nconc
     (mapcar
      #'(lambda (ar br)
	  (setq l (mapcar #'(lambda (a b l)
			      (ppluschk l (pdifference
					   (ptimes br a) (ptimes ar b))))
			  a b (cons 0 l))))
      ar br)
     (and (pzerop (car b))
	  (do ((b (vmake (cdr q) (cadr p) nil) (rot* b))
	       (m nil (cons b m)))
	      ((not (pzerop (car b))) (cons b m))))) ))

(defun rot* (b)
  (setq b (copy-list b))
  (prog2
      (nconc b b)
      (cdr b)
    (rplacd b nil)))


(defun ppluschk (p q)
  (cond ((pzerop p) q)
	(t (pplus p q))))
