# Graph Attributes

The table below describes the attributes used by various Graphviz tools. The table gives the name of the attribute, the graph components (node, edge, etc.) which use the attribute and the type of the attribute (strings representing legal values of that type). Where applicable, the table also gives a default value for the attribute, a minimum allowed setting for numeric attributes, and certain restrictions on the use of the attribute.

All Graphviz attributes are specified by name-value pairs. Thus, to set the fillcolor of a node `abc`, one would use

`abc [fillcolor = red]`

Similarly, to set the arrowhead style of an edge `abc -> def`, one would use

`abc -> def [arrowhead = diamond]`

Further details concerning the setting of attributes can be found in the description of the DOT language.

At present, most device-independent units are either inches or points, which we take as 72 points per inch.

Note: Some attributes, such as dir or arrowtail, are ambiguous when used in DOT with an undirected graph since the head and tail of an edge are meaningless. As a convention, the first time an undirected edge appears, the DOT parser will assign the left node as the tail node and the right node as the head. For example, the edge `A -- B` will have tail `A` and head `B`. It is the user's responsibility to handle such edges consistently. If the edge appears later, in the format

`B -- A [taillabel = "tail"]`

the drawing will attach the tail label to node `A`. To avoid possible confusion when such attributes are required, the user is encouraged to use a directed graph. If it is important to make the graph appear undirected, this can be done using the dir, arrowtail or arrowhead attributes.

The tools accept standard C representations for int and double types. For the bool type, TRUE values are represented by "true" (case-insensitive) and any non-zero integer, and FALSE values by "false" (case-insensitive) and zero. In addition, there are a variety of specialized types such as arrowType, color, pointf and rankdir. Legal values for these types are given at the end.

In the Used By field, the characters E, N, G, S and C represent edges, nodes, the root graph, subgraphs and cluster subgraphs, respectively. This field indicates which graph component uses the attribute.

Name | Used By | Type | Default | Minimum | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Damping | G | double | 0.99 | 0.0 | neato only
K | GC | double | 0.3 | 0 | fdp only
URL | ENGC | escString string | <none> |  | svg, postscript, map only
arrowhead | E | arrowType | normal |  |
arrowsize | E | double | 1.0 | 0.0 |
arrowtail | E | arrowType | normal |  |
bb | G | rect |  |  | write only
bgcolor | GC | color | <none> |  |
center | G | bool | false |  |
charset | G | string | "UTF-8" |  |
clusterrank | G | clusterMode | local |  | dot only
color | ENC | color colorList | black |  |
colorscheme | ENCG | string | "" |  |
comment | ENG | string | "" |  |
compound | G | bool | false |  | dot only
concentrate | G | bool | false |  | dot only
constraint | E | bool | true |  | dot only
decorate | E | bool | false |  |
defaultdist | G | double | 1+(avg. len)*sqrt(|V|) | epsilon | neato only
dim | G | int | 2 | 2 | fdp, neato only
dir | E | dirType | forward(directed) none(undirected) |  |
diredgeconstraints | G | string bool | false |  | neato only
distortion | N | double | 0.0 | -100.0 |
dpi | G | double | 96.0 0.0 |  | svg, bitmap output only
epsilon | G | double | .0001 * # nodes(mode == KK) .0001(mode == major) |  | neato only
esep | G | double | 0.8*sep |  | not dot
fillcolor | NC | color | lightgrey(nodes) black(clusters) |  |
fixedsize | N | bool | false |  |
fontcolor | ENGC | color | black |  |
fontname | ENGC | string | "Times-Roman" |  |
fontpath | G | string | system-dependent |  |
fontsize | ENGC | double | 14.0 | 1.0 |
group | N | string | "" |  | dot only
headURL | E | escString | "" |  | map only
headclip | E | bool | true |  |
headhref | E | escString | "" |  | map only
headlabel | E | lblString | "" |  |
headport | E | portPos | center |  |
headtarget | E | escString | <none> |  | map only
headtooltip | E | escString | "" |  | cmap only
height | N | double | 0.5 | 0.02 |
href | E | escString | "" |  | svg, postscript, map only
label | ENGC | lblString | "N" | (nodes) "" (otherwise) |
labelangle | E | double | -25.0 | -180.0 |
labeldistance | E | double | 1.0 | 0.0 |
labelfloat | E | bool | false |  |
labelfontcolor | E | color | black |  |
labelfontname | E | string | "Times-Roman" |  |
labelfontsize | E | double | 14.0 | 1.0 |
labeljust | GC | string | "c" |  |
labelloc | GC | string | "t" | clusters) "b"(root graphs) |
landscape | G | bool | false |  |
layer | EN | layerRange | "" |  |
layers | G | layerList | "" |  |
layersep | G | string | " :\t" |  |
len | E | double | 1.0(neato) 0.3(fdp) |  | fdp, neato only
levelsgap | G | double | 0.0 |  | neato only
lhead | E | string | "" |  | dot only
lp | EGC | point |  |  | write only
ltail | E | string | "" |  | dot only
margin | NG | double pointf | <device-dependent> |  |
maxiter | G | int | 100 * # nodes(mode == KK) 200(mode == major) 600(fdp) |  | fdp, neato only
mclimit | G | double | 1.0 |  | dot only
mindist | G | double | 1.0 | 0.0 | circo only
minlen | E | int | 1 | 0 | dot only
mode | G | string | "major" |  | neato only
model | G | string | "shortpath" |  | neato only
mosek | G | bool | false |  | neato only
nodesep | G | double | 0.25 | 0.02 | dot only
nojustify | GCNE | bool | false |  |
normalize | G | bool | false |  | not dot
nslimit nslimit1 | G | double |  |  | dot only
ordering | G | string | "" |  | dot only
orientation | N | double | 0.0 | 360.0 |
orientation | G | string | "" |  |
outputorder | G | outputMode | breadthfirst |  |
overlap | G | string bool | true |  | not dot
pack | G | bool int | false |  | not dot
packmode | G | packMode | node |  | not dot
page | G | pointf |  |  |
pagedir | G | pagedir | BL |  |
pencolor | C | color | black |  |
peripheries | NC | int | shape default(nodes) 1(clusters) | 0 |
pin | N | bool | false |  | fdp, neato only
pos | EN | point splineType |  |  |
quantum | G | double | 0.0 | 0.0 |
rank | S | rankType |  |  | dot only
rankdir | G | rankdir | TB |  | dot only
ranksep | G | double | 0.5(dot) 1.0(twopi) | 0.02 | twopi, dot only
ratio | G | double string |  |  |
rects | N | rect |  |  | write only
regular | N | bool | false |  |
remincross | G | bool | false |  | dot only
resolution | G | double | 96.0 0.0 |  | svg, bitmap output only
root | GN | string bool | "" | graphs) false(nodes) | circo, twopi only
rotate | G | int | 0 |  |
samehead | E | string | "" |  | dot only
sametail | E | string | "" |  | dot only
samplepoints | N | int | 8(output) 20(overlap and image maps) |  |
searchsize | G | int | 30 |  | dot only
sep | G | double pointf | 0.1 |  | not dot
shape | N | shape | ellipse |  |
shapefile | N | string | "" |  |
showboxes | ENG | int | 0 | 0 | dot only
sides | N | int | 4 | 0 |
size | G | pointf |  |  |
skew | N | double | 0.0 | -100.0 |
splines | G | bool string |  |  |
start | G | startType | "" |  | fdp, neato only
style | ENC | style |  |  |
stylesheet | G | string | "" |  | svg only
tailURL | E | escString | "" |  | map only
tailclip | E | bool | true |  |
tailhref | E | escString | "" |  | map only
taillabel | E | lblString | "" |  |
tailport | E | portPos | center |  |
tailtarget | E | escString | <none> |  | map only
tailtooltip | E | escString | "" |  | cmap only
target | ENGC | escString string | <none> |  | svg, map only
tooltip | NEC | escString | "" |  | cmap only
truecolor | G | bool |  |  | bitmap output only
vertices | N | pointfList |  |  | write only
viewport | G | viewPort | "" |  | bitmap output, cmap, map only
voro_margin | G | double | 0.05 | 0.0 | not dot
weight | E | double | 1.0 | 0(dot) 1(neato) |
width | N | double | 0.75 | 0.01 |
z | N | double | 0.0 | -MAXFLOAT -1000 |

# Attribute Descriptions

Damping
  Factor damping force motions. On each iteration, a nodes movement is limited to this factor of its potential motion. By being less than 1.0, the system tends to ``cool'', thereby preventing cycling.
K
  Spring constant used in virtual physical model. It roughly corresponds to an ideal edge length (in inches), in that increasing K tends to increase the distance between nodes. Note that the edge attribute len can be used to override this value for adjacent nodes.
URL
  Hyperlinks incorporated into device-dependent output. At present, used in ps2, cmap, i*map and svg formats. For all these formats, URLs can be attached to nodes, edges and clusters. URL attributes can also be attached to the root graph in ps2, cmap and i*map formats. This serves as the base URL for relative URLs in the former, and as the default image map file in the latter.

  For svg, cmapx and imap output, the active area for a node is its visible image. For example, an unfilled node with no drawn boundary will only be active on its label. For other output, the active area is its bounding box. The active area for a cluster is its bounding box. For edges, the active areas are small circles where the edge contacts its head and tail nodes. In addition, for svg, cmapx and imap, the active area includes a thin polygon approximating the edge. The circles may overlap the related node, and the edge URL dominates. If the edge has a label, this will also be active. Finally, if the edge has a head or tail label, this will also be active. Note, however, that if the edge has a headURL attribute, it is this value that is used near the head node and on the head label, if defined. The similar restriction holds when tailURL is defined. Also note that, if active areas of two edges overlap, it is unspecified which area dominates.

  The URL of the root graph is only treated as an escString if the output format is cmap.

arrowhead
  Style of arrowhead on the head node of an edge. See also the dir attribute, and a limitation.
arrowsize
  Multiplicative scale factor for arrowheads.
arrowtail
  Style of arrowhead on the tail node of an edge. See also the dir attribute, and a limitation.
bb
  Bounding box of drawing in integer points.
bgcolor
  When attached to the root graph, this color is used as the background for entire canvas. When a cluster attribute, it is used as the initial background for the cluster. If a cluster has a filled style, the cluster's fillcolor will overlay the background color.

  If no background color is specified for the root graph, no graphics operation are performed on the background. This works fine for PostScript but for bitmap output, all bits are initialized to something. This means that when the bitmap output is included in some other document, all of the bits within the bitmap's bounding box will be set, overwriting whatever color or graphics where already on the page. If this effect is not desired, and you only want to set bits explicitly assigned in drawing the graph, set background="transparent".

center
  If true, the drawing is centered in the output canvas.
charset
  Specifies the character encoding used when interpreting string input as a text label. The default value is `"UTF-8"`. The other legal value is `"iso-8859-1"` or, equivalently, `"Latin1"`. The charset attribute is case-insensitive. Note that if the character encoding used in the input does not match the charset value, the resulting output may be very strange.
clusterrank
  Mode used for handling clusters. If clusterrank is "local", a subgraph whose name begins with "cluster" is given special treatment. The subgraph is laid out separately, and then integrated as a unit into its parent graph, with a bounding rectangle drawn about it. If the cluster has a label parameter, this label is displayed within the rectangle. Note also that there can be clusters within clusters. At present, the modes "global" and "none" appear to be identical, both turning off the special cluster processing.
color
  Basic drawing color for graphics, not text. For the latter, use the fontcolor attribute.

  For edges, the value can either be a single color or a colorList. In the latter case, the edge is drawn using parallel splines or lines, one for each color in the list, in the order given. The head arrow, if any, is drawn using the first color in the list, and the tail arrow, if any, the second color. This supports the common case of drawing opposing edges, but using parallel splines instead of separately routed multiedges. For example, the graph

        digraph G {
          a -> b [dir=both color="red:blue"]
        }

  yields
colorscheme
  This attribute specifies a color scheme namespace. If defined, it specifies the context for interpreting color names. In particular, if a color value has form `"xxx"` or `"//xxx"`, then the color `xxx` will be evaluated according to the current color scheme. If no color scheme is set, the standard X11 naming is used. For example, if `colorscheme=bugn9`, then `color=7` is interpreted as `"/bugn9/7"`.
comment
  Comments are inserted into output. Device-dependent
compound
  If true, allow edges between clusters. (See lhead and ltail below.)
concentrate
  If true, use edge concentrators.
constraint
  If false, the edge is not used in ranking the nodes. For example, in the graph

        digraph G {
          a -> c;
          a -> b;
          b -> c [constraint=false];
        }

  the edge `b -> c` does not add a constraint during rank assignment, so the only constraints are that a be above b and c, yielding the graph:
decorate
  If true, attach edge label to edge by a 2-segment polyline, underlining the label, then going to the closest point of spline.
defaultdist
  This specifies the distance between nodes in separate connected components. If set too small, connected components may overlap. Only applicable if pack=false.
dim
  Set the number of dimensions used for the layout. The maximum value allowed is 10.
dir
  Set edge type for drawing arrowheads. This indicates which ends of the edge should be decorated with an arrowhead. The actual style of the arrowhead can be specified using the arrowhead and arrowtail attributes. See limitation.
diredgeconstraints
  Only valid when mode="ipsep". If true, constraints are generated for each edge in the largest (heuristic) directed acyclic subgraph such that the edge must point downwards. If "hier", generates level constraints similar to those used with mode="hier". The main difference is that, in the latter case, only these constraints are involved, so a faster solver can be used.
distortion
  Distortion factor for shape=polygon. Positive values cause top part to be larger than bottom; negative values do the opposite.
dpi
  This specifies the expected number of pixels per inch on a display device. For bitmap output, this guarantees that text rendering will be done more accurately, both in size and in placement. For SVG output, it is used to guarantee that the dimensions in the output correspond to the correct number of points or inches.
epsilon
  Terminating condition. If the length squared of all energy gradients are < epsilon, the algorithm stops.
esep
  Fraction to increase polygons (multiply coordinates by 1 + esep) for purposes of spline edge routing. This should normally be strictly less than sep.
fillcolor
  Color used to fill the background of a node or cluster assuming style=filled. If fillcolor is not defined, color is used. (For clusters, if color is not defined, bgcolor is used.) If this is not defined, the default is used, except for shape=point or when the output format is MIF, which use black by default.

  Note that a cluster inherits the root graph's attributes if defined. Thus, if the root graph has defined a fillcolor, this will override a color or bgcolor attribute set for the cluster.

fixedsize
  If true, the node size is specified by the values of the width and height attributes only and is not expanded to contain the text label.
fontcolor
  Color used for text.
fontname
  Font used for text. This very much depends on the output format and, for non-bitmap output such as PostScript or SVG, the availability of the font when the graph is displayed or printed. As such, it is best to rely on font faces that are generally available, such as Times-Roman, Helvetica or Courier.

  If Graphviz was built using the fontconfig library, the latter library will be used to search for the font. However, if the `fontname` string contains a slash character "/", it is treated as a pathname for the font file, though font lookup will append the usual font suffixes.

  If Graphviz does not use fontconfig, `fontname` will be considered the name of a Type 1 or True Type font file. If you specify `fontname=schlbk`, the tool will look for a file named `schlbk.ttf` or `schlbk.pfa` or `schlbk.pfb` in one of the directories specified by the fontpath attribute. The lookup does support various aliases for the common fonts.

fontpath
  Directory list used by libgd to search for bitmap fonts if Graphviz was not built with the fontconfig library. If fontpath is not set, the environment variable `DOTFONTPATH` is checked. If that is not set, `GDFONTPATH` is checked. If not set, libgd uses its compiled-in font path. Note that fontpath is an attribute of the root graph.
fontsize
  Font size, in points, used for text.
group
  If the end points of an edge belong to the same group, i.e., have the same group attribute, parameters are set to avoid crossings and keep the edges straight.
headURL
  For the output format imap or cmap, if headURL is defined, it is output as part of the head label of the edge. See limitation.
headclip
  If true, the head of an edge is clipped to the boundary of the head node; otherwise, the end of the edge goes to the center of the node, or the center of a port, if applicable.
headhref
  Synonym for headURL.
headlabel
  Text label to be placed near head of edge. See limitation.
headport
  Indicates where on the head node to attach the head of the edge. In the default case, the edge is aimed towards the center of the node, and then clipped at the node boundary. See limitation.
headtarget
  If the edge has a headURL, this attribute determines which window of the browser is used for the URL. Setting it to "_graphviz" will open a new window if it doesn't already exist, or reuse it if it does. If undefined, the value of the target is used.
headtooltip
  Tooltip annotation attached to the head of an edge. This is used only if the edge has a headURL attribute.
height
  Height of node, in inches. This is taken as the initial, minimum height of the node. If fixedsize is true, this will be the final height of the node. Otherwise, if the node label requires more height to fit, the node's height will be increased to contain the label. Note also that, if the output format is dot, the value given to height will be the final value.
href
  Synonym for URL.
label
  Text label attached to objects. If a node's shape is record, then the label can have a special format which describes the record layout.
labelangle
  This, along with labeldistance, determine where the headlabel (taillabel) are placed with respect to the head (tail) in polar coordinates. The origin in the coordinate system is the point where the edge touches the node. The ray of 0 degrees goes from the origin back along the edge, parallel to the edge at the origin.

  The angle, in degrees, specifies the rotation from the 0 degree ray, with positive angles moving counterclockwise and negative angles moving clockwise.

labeldistance
  Multiplicative scaling factor adjusting the distance that the headlabel(taillabel) is from the head(tail) node. The default distance is 10 points. See labelangle for more details.
labelfloat
  If true, allows edge labels to be less constrained in position. In particular, it may appear on top of other edges.
labelfontcolor
  Color used for headlabel and taillabel. If not set, defaults to edge's fontcolor.
labelfontname
  Font used for headlabel and taillabel. If not set, defaults to edge's fontname.
labelfontsize
  Font size, in points, used for headlabel and taillabel. If not set, defaults to edge's fontsize.
labeljust
  Justification for cluster labels. If "r", the label is right-justified within bounding rectangle; if "l", left-justified; else the label is centered. Note that a subgraph inherits attributes from its parent. Thus, if the root graph sets labeljust to "l", the subgraph inherits this value.
labelloc
  Top/bottom placement of graph and cluster labels. If the attribute is "t", place label at the top; if the attribute is "b", place label at the bottom. By default, root graph labels go on the bottom and cluster labels go on the top. Note that a subgraph inherits attributes from its parent. Thus, if the root graph sets labelloc to "b", the subgraph inherits this value.
landscape
  If true, the graph is rendered in landscape mode. Synonymous with `rotate=90` or `orientation=landscape`.
layer
  Specifies layers in which the node or edge is present.
layers
  Specifies a linearly ordered list of layer names attached to the graph The graph is then output in separate layers. Only those components belonging to the current output layer appear. For more information, see the page How to use drawing layers (overlays).
layersep
  Specifies the separator characters used to split the layers attribute into a list of layer names.
len
  Preferred edge length, in inches.
levelsgap
  Specifies strictness of level constraints in neato when `mode="ipsep" or "hier"`. Larger positive values mean stricter constraints, which demand more separation between levels. On the other hand, negative values will relax the constraints by allowing some overlap between the levels.
lhead
  Logical head of an edge. When compound is true, if lhead is defined and is the name of a cluster containing the real head, the edge is clipped to the boundary of the cluster. See limitation.
lp
  Label position, in points. The position indicates the center of the label.
ltail
  Logical tail of an edge. When compound is true, if ltail is defined and is the name of a cluster containing the real tail, the edge is clipped to the boundary of the cluster. See limitation.
margin
  For graphs, this sets x and y margins of canvas, in inches. If the margin is a single double, both margins are set equal to the given value.

  For nodes, this attribute specifies space left around the node's label. By default, the value is `0.11,0.055`.

maxiter
  Sets the number of iterations used.
mclimit
  Multiplicative scale factor used to alter the MinQuit (default = 8) and MaxIter (default = 24) parameters used during crossing minimization. These correspond to the number of tries without improvement before quitting and the maximum number of iterations in each pass.
mindist
  Specifies the minimum separation between all nodes.
minlen
  Minimum edge length (rank difference between head and tail).
mode
  Technique for optimizing the layout. If mode is `"major"`, neato uses stress majorization. If mode is `"KK"`, neato uses a version of the gradient descent method. The only advantage to the latter technique is that it is sometimes appreciably faster for small (number of nodes < 100) graphs. A significant disadvantage is that it may cycle.

  There are two new, experimental modes in neato, "hier", which adds a top-down directionality similar to the layout used in dot, and "ipsep", which .

model
  This value specifies how the distance matrix is computed for the input graph. The distance matrix specifies the ideal distance between every pair of nodes. neato attemps to find a layout which best achieves these distances. By default, it uses the length of the shortest path, where the length of each edge is given by its len attribute. If model is `"circuit"`, neato uses the circuit resistance model to compute the distances. This tends to emphasize clusters. If model is `"subset"`, neato uses the subset model. This sets the edge length to be the number of nodes that are neighbors of exactly one of the end points, and then calculates the shortest paths. This helps to separate nodes with high degree.
mosek
  If Graphviz is built with MOSEK defined, mode=ipsep and mosek=true, the Mosek software (www.mosek.com) is use to solve the ipsep constraints.
nodesep
  Minimum space between two adjacent nodes in the same rank, in inches.
nojustify
  By default, the justification of multi-line labels is done within the largest context that makes sense. Thus, in the label of a polygonal node, a left-justified line will align with the left side of the node (shifted by the prescribed margin). In record nodes, left-justified line will line up with the left side of the enclosing column of fields. If nojustify is `"true"`, multi-line labels will be justified in the context of itself. For example, if the attribute is set, the first label line is long, and the second is shorter and left-justified, the second will align with the left-most character in the first line, regardless of how large the node might be.
normalize
  If set, normalize coordinates of final layout so that the first point is at the origin, and then rotate the layout so that the first edge is horizontal.
nslimit ,
nslimit1
  Used to set number of iterations in network simplex applications. nslimit is used in computing node x coordinates, nslimit1 for ranking nodes. If defined, # iterations = nslimit(1) * # nodes; otherwise, # iterations = MAXINT.
ordering
  If "out" for a graph G, and n is a node in G, then edges n->* appear left-to-right in the same order in which they are defined. If "in", the edges *->n appear left-to-right in the same order in which they are defined for all nodes n.
orientation
  Angle, in degrees, used to rotate node shapes.
orientation
  If "[lL]*", set graph orientation to landscape Used only if rotate is not defined.
outputorder
  Specify order in which nodes and edges are drawn.
overlap
  Determines if and how node overlaps should be removed. Nodes are first enlarged using the sep attribute. If "true" , overlaps are retained. If the value is "scale", overlaps are removed by uniformly scaling in x and y. If the value converts to "false", node overlaps are removed by a Voronoi-based technique. If the value is "scalexy", x and y are separately scaled to remove overlaps. If the value is "orthoxy" or "orthoyx", overlaps are moved by optimizing two constraint problems, one for the x axis and one for the y. The suffix indicates which axis is processed first. If the value is "ortho", the technique is similar to "orthoxy" except a heuristic is used to reduce the bias between the two passes. If the value is "ortho_yx", the technique is the same as "ortho", except the roles of x and y are reversed. The values "portho", "porthoxy", "porthoxy", and "portho_yx" are similar to the previous four, except only pseudo-orthogonal ordering is enforced.

  If the value is "compress", the layout will be scaled down as much as possible without introducing any overlaps, obviously assuming there are none to begin with.

  If the value is "ipsep", and the layout is done by neato with mode="ipsep", the overlap removal constraints are incorporated into the layout algorithm itself. N.B. At present, this only supports one level of clustering.

  If the value is "vpsc", overlap removal is similarly to "ortho", except quadratic optimization is used to minimize node displacement. N.B. At present, this mode on works when mode="ipsep".

  Except for fdp, the layouts assume `overlap="true"` as the default. Fdp first uses a number of passes using built-in, force-directed technique to remove overlaps. Thus, fdp accepts overlap with an integer prefix followed by a colon, specifying the number of tries. If there is no prefix, no initial tries will be performed. If there is nothing following a colon, none of the above methods will be attempted. By default, fdp uses `overlap="9:portho"`. Note that `overlap="true"`, `overlap="0:true"` and `overlap="0:"` all turn off all overlap removal.

  Except for the Voronoi method, all of these transforms preserve the orthogonal ordering of the original layout. That is, if the x coordinates of two nodes are originally the same, they will remain the same, and if the x coordinate of one node is originally less than the x coordinate of another, this relation will still hold in the transformed layout. The similar properties hold for the y coordinates. This is not quite true for the "porth*" cases. For these, orthogonal ordering is only preserved among nodes related by an edge.

  NOTEThe methods "orthoxy" and "orthoyx" are still evolving. The semantics of these may change, or these methods may disappear altogether.

pack
  This is true if the value of pack is "true" (case-insensitive) or a non-negative integer. If true, each connected component of the graph is laid out separately, and then the graphs are packed tightly. If pack has an integral value, this is used as the size, in points, of a margin around each part; otherwise, a default margin of 8 is used. If pack is interpreted as false, the entire graph is laid out together. The granularity and method of packing is influenced by the packmode attribute.

  For layouts which always do packing, such a twopi, the pack attribute is just used to set the margin.

packmode
  This indicates the granularity and method used for packing (cf. packMode). Note that defining packmode will automatically turn on packing as though one had set pack=true.
page
  Width and height of output pages, in inches. If this is set and is smaller than the size of the layout, a rectangular array of pages of the specified page size is overlaid on the layout, with origins aligned in the lower-left corner, thereby partitioning the layout into pages. The pages are then produced one at a time, in pagedir order.
pagedir
  If the page attribute is set and applicable, this attribute specifies the order in which the pages are emitted. This is limited to one of the 8 row or column major orders.
pencolor
  Color used to draw the bounding box around a cluster. If pencolor is not defined, color is used. If this is not defined, bgcolor is used. If this is not defined, the default is used.

  Note that a cluster inherits the root graph's attributes if defined. Thus, if the root graph has defined a pencolor, this will override a color or bgcolor attribute set for the cluster.

peripheries
  Set number of peripheries used in polygonal shapes and cluster boundaries. Note that user-defined shapes are treated as a form of box shape, so the default peripheries value is 1 and the user-defined shape will be drawn in a bounding rectangle. Setting `peripheries=0` will turn this off. Also, 1 is the maximum peripheries value for clusters.
pin
  If true and the node has a pos attribute on input, neato prevents the node from moving from the input position. This property can also be specified in the pos attribute itself (cf. the point type).
pos
  Position of node, or spline control points, in points. For nodes, the position indicates the center of the node. In neato and fdp, pos can be used to set initial position of a node. Concerning this, see the -s command line flag.
quantum
  If quantum > 0.0, node label dimensions will be rounded to integral multiples of the quantum.
rank
  Rank constraints on the nodes in a subgraph. If rank="same", all nodes are placed on the same rank. If rank="min", all nodes are placed on the minimum rank. If rank="source", all nodes are placed on the minimum rank, and the only nodes on the minimum rank belong to some subgraph whose rank attribute is "source" or "min". Analogous criteria hold for rank="max" and rank="sink". (Note: the minimum rank is topmost or leftmost, and the maximum rank is bottommost or rightmost.)
rankdir
  Sets direction of graph layout. For example, if rankdir="LR", and barring cycles, an edge `T -> H;` will go from left to right. By default, graphs are laid out from top to bottom.
ranksep
  In dot, this the gives desired rank separation, in inches. This is the minimum vertical distance between the bottom of the nodes in one rank and the tops of nodes in the next. If the value contains "equally", the centers of all ranks are spaced equally apart. Note that both settings are possible, e.g., ranksep = "1.2 equally". In twopi, specifies radial separation of concentric circles.
ratio
  Sets the aspect ratio (drawing height/drawing width) for the drawing. Note that this is adjusted before the size attribute constraints are enforced.

  If ratio is numeric, it is taken as the desired aspect ratio. Then, if the actual aspect ratio is less than the desired ratio, the drawing height is scaled up to achieve the desired ratio; if the actual ratio is greater than that desired ratio, the drawing width is scaled up.

  If ratio = "fill" and the size attribute is set, node positions are scaled, separately in both x and y, so that the final drawing exactly fills the specified size.

  If ratio = "compress" and the size attribute is set, dot attempts to compress the initial layout to fit in the given size. This achieves a tighter packing of nodes but reduces the balance and symmetry. This feature only works in dot.

  If ratio = "expand", the size attribute is set, and both the width and the height of the graph are less than the value in size, node positions are scaled uniformly until at least one dimension fits size exactly. Note that this is distinct from using size as the desired size, as here the drawing is expanded before edges are generated and all node and text sizes remain unchanged.

  If ratio = "auto", the page attribute is set and the graph cannot be drawn on a single page, then size is set to an ``ideal'' value. In particular, the size in a given dimension will be the smallest integral multiple of the page size in that dimension which is at least half the current size. The two dimensions are then scaled independently to the new size. This feature only works in dot.

rects
  Rectangles for fields of records, in points.
regular
  If true, force polygon to be regular.
remincross
  If true and there are multiple clusters, run cross minimization a second time.
resolution
  This is a synonym for the dpi attribute.
root
  This specifies nodes to be used as the center of the layout and the root of the generated spanning tree. As a graph attribute, this gives the name of the node. As a node attribute (circo only), it specifies that the node should be used as a central node. In twopi, this will actually be the central node. In circo, the block containing the node will be central in the drawing of its connected component. If not defined, twopi will pick a most central node, and circo will pick a random node.
rotate
  If 90, set drawing orientation to landscape.
samehead
  Edges with the same head and the same samehead value are aimed at the same point on the head. See limitation.
sametail
  Edges with the same tail and the same sametail value are aimed at the same point on the tail. See limitation.
samplepoints
  If the input graph defines the vertices attribute, and output is dot or xdot, this gives the number of points used for a node whose shape is a circle or ellipse. It plays the same role in neato, when adjusting the layout to avoid overlapping nodes, and in image maps.
searchsize
  During network simplex, maximum number of edges with negative cut values to search when looking for one with minimum cut value.
sep
  Fraction to increase polygons (multiply coordinates by 1 + sep) for purposes of determining overlap. Guarantees a minimal non-zero distance between nodes. If unset but esep is defined, `sep` will be set to `esep/0.8`. If `esep` is unset, the default value is used.

  When overlap="ipsep" or "vpsc", `sep` gives a minimum distance, in inches, to be left between nodes. In this case, if `sep` is a pointf, the x and y separations can be specified separately.

shape
  Set the shape of a node.
shapefile
  If defined, shapefile specifies a file containing user-supplied node content. The shape of the node is set to box. The image in the shapefile must be rectangular. The image formats supported as well as the precise semantics of how the file is used depends on the output format. For further details, see External PostScript files.

  There is one exception to this usage. If shape is set to "epsf", shapefile gives a filename containing a definition of the node in PostScript. The graphics defined must be contain all of the node content, including any desired boundaries. For further details, see External PostScript files.

showboxes
  Print guide boxes in PostScript at the beginning of routesplines if 1, or at the end if 2. (Debugging)
sides
  Number of sides if shape=polygon.
size
  Maximum width and height of drawing, in inches. If defined and the drawing is too large, the drawing is uniformly scaled down so that it fits within the given size.

  If `size` ends in an exclamation point (`!`), then it is taken to be the desired size. In this case, if both dimensions of the drawing are less than `size`, the drawing is scaled up uniformly until at least one dimension equals its dimension in `size`.

  Note that there is some interaction between the size and ratio attributes.

skew
  Skew factor for shape=polygon. Positive values skew top of polygon to right; negative to left.
splines
  Controls how, and if, edges are represented. If true, edges are drawn as splines routed around nodes; if false, edges are drawn as line segments. (Note: at present (1 Jan 2006), setting `splines=false` has no effect in dot.) If set to "", no edges are drawn at all.

  By default, the attribute is unset. How this is interpreted depends on the layout. For dot, the default is to draw edges as splines. For all other layouts, the default is to draw edges as line segments. Note that for these latter layouts, if `splines="true"`, this requires non-overlapping nodes (cf. overlap). If fdp is used for layout and `splines="compound"`, then the edges are drawn to avoid clusters as well as nodes.

start
  Parameter used to determine the initial layout of nodes. If unset, the nodes are randomly placed in a unit square with the same seed is always used for the random number generator, so the initial placement is repeatable.
style
  Set style for node or edge. For cluster subgraph, if "filled", the cluster box's background is filled.
stylesheet
  A URL or pathname specifying an XML style sheet, used in SVG output.
tailURL
  When the output format is imap or cmap, if tailURL is defined, it is output as part of the tail label of the edge. See limitation.
tailclip
  If true, the tail of an edge is clipped to the boundary of the tail node; otherwise, the end of the edge goes to the center of the node, or the center of a port, if applicable.
tailhref
  Synonym for tailURL.
taillabel
  Text label to be placed near tail of edge. See limitation.
tailport
  Indicates where on the tail node to attach the tail of the edge. See limitation.
tailtarget
  If the edge has a tailURL, this attribute determines which window of the browser is used for the URL. Setting it to "_graphviz" will open a new window if it doesn't already exist, or reuse it if it does. If undefined, the value of the target is used.
tailtooltip
  Tooltip annotation attached to the tail of an edge. This is used only if the edge has a tailURL attribute.
target
  If the object has a URL, this attribute determines which window of the browser is used for the URL. See W3C documentation.
tooltip
  Tooltip annotation attached to the node or edge. If unset, Graphviz will use the object's label if defined. Note that if the label is a record specification or an HTML-like label, the resulting tooltip may be unhelpful. In this case, if tooltips will be generated, the user should set a `tooltip` attribute explicitly.
truecolor
  If set explicitly to true or false, the value determines whether or not internal bitmap rendering relies on a truecolor color model or uses a color palette. If the attribute is unset, truecolor is not used unless there is a shapefile property for some node in the graph. The output model will use the input model when possible.

  Use of color palettes results in less memory usage during creation of the bitmaps and smaller output files.

  Usually, the only time it is necessary to specify the truetype model is if the graph uses more than 256 colors. However, if one uses bgcolor=transparent with a color palette, font antialiasing can show up as a fuzzy white area around characters. Using truecolor=true avoids this problem.

vertices
  If the input graph defines this attribute, the node is polygonal, and output is dot or xdot, this attribute provides the coordinates of the vertices of the node's polygon, in inches. If the node is an ellipse or circle, the samplepoints attribute affects the output.
viewport
  Clipping window on final drawing.
voro_margin
  Factor to scale up drawing to allow margin for expansion in Voronoi technique. dim' = (1+2*margin)*dim.
weight
  Weight of edge. In dot, the heavier the weight, the shorter, straighter and more vertical the edge is. In neato, the heavier the weight, the more neato will try to place the end points so that the length of the edge is len.
width
  Width of node, in inches. This is taken as the initial, minimum width of the node. If fixedsize is true, this will be the final width of the node. Otherwise, if the node label requires more width to fit, the node's width will be increased to contain the label. Note also that, if the output format is dot, the value given to width will be the final value.
z
  Provides z coordinate value for 3D layouts and displays. If the graph has dim set to 3 (or more), neato will use a node's z value for the z coordinate of its initial position if its pos attribute is also defined.

  Even if no z values are specified in the input, it is necessary to declare a z attribute for nodes, e.g, using `node[z=""]` in order to get z values on output. Thus, setting `dim=3` but not declaring z will cause `neato -Tvrml` to layout the graph in 3D but project the layout onto the xy-plane for the rendering. If the z attribute is declared, the final rendering will be in 3D.

# Attribute Type Descriptions

The following list gives the legal strings corresponding to values of the given types.

arrowType

  "normal" |  | "inv" |
  "dot" |  | "invdot" |
  "odot" |  | "invodot" |
  "none" |  | "tee" |
  "empty" |  | "invempty" |
  "diamond" |  | "odiamond" |
  "ediamond" |  | "crow" |
  "box" |  | "obox" |
  "open" |  | "halfopen" |
  "vee" |

  These are the basic set of backward-compatible arrow shapes. In addition, there is a grammar of arrow shapes which can be used to describe a collection of 1260 arrow shapes as modifications of a primitive set of 9 arrows. The basic arrows shown above contain all of the primitive shapes (`box`, `crow`, `diamond`, `dot`, `inv`, `none`, `normal`, `tee`, `vee`) plus ones that can be derived from the grammar (`odot`, `invdot`, `invodot`, `obox`, `odiamond`) plus some supported as special cases for backward-compatibility (`ediamond`, `open`, `halfopen`, `empty`, `invempty`).

clusterMode
  "local","global","none"
color
  Colors can be specified using one of four formats.

  "#%2x%2x%2x" | Red-Green-Blue (RGB)
  "#%2x%2x%2x%2x" | Red-Green-Blue-Alpha (RGBA)
  H[, ]+S[, ]+V | Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) 0.0 <= H,S,V <= 1.0
  string | color name

  The specification for the RGB and RGBA formats are the format strings used by `sscanf` to scan the color value. Thus, these values have the form "#RGB" or "#RGBA", where R, G, B, and A each consist of 2 hexidecimal digits, and can be separated by whitespace. HSV colors have the form of 3 numbers between 0 and 1, separated by whitespace or commas.

  String-valued color specifications are case-insensitive and interpreted in the context of the current color scheme, as specified by the colorscheme attribute. If this is undefined, the X11 naming scheme will be used. An initial `"/"` character can be used to override the use of the `colorscheme` attribute. In particular, a single initial `"/"` will cause the string to be evaluated using the default X11 naming. If the color value has the form `"/ssss/yyyy"`, the name `yyyy` is interpreted using the schema `ssss`. If the color scheme name is empty, i.e., the color has the form `"//yyyy"`, the `colorscheme` attribute is used. Thus, the forms `"yyyy"` and `"//yyyy"` are equivalent.

  At present, Graphviz recognizes the default color scheme `X11`, and the Brewer color schemes. Please note that Brewer color schemes are covered by this license.

  Examples:

  Color | RGB | HSV | String
  --- | --- | --- | ---
  White | "#ffffff" | "0.000 0.000 1.000" | "white"
  Black | "#000000" | "0.000 0.000 0.000" | "black"
  Red | "#ff0000" | "0.000 1.000 1.000" | "red"
  Turquoise | "#40e0d0" | "0.482 0.714 0.878" | "turquoise"
  Sienna | "#a0522d" | "0.051 0.718 0.627" | "sienna"

  Note that some output formats, e.g., mif, only support a limited number of specific colors.

  The string value `transparent` can be used to indicate no color. This is only available in the output formats ps, svg, fig, vmrl, and the bitmap formats. It can be used whenever a color is needed but is most useful with the bgcolor attribute. Usually, the same effect can be achieved by setting style to `invis`.

colorList
  A colon-separated list of color values: C(:C)* where each C is a color value.
dirType
  For an edge `T -> H;`

  "forward" |  | "back" |
  "both" |  | "none" |

  For undirected edges `T -- H;`, one of the nodes, usually the righthand one, is treated as the head for the purpose of interpreting "forward" and "back".
escString
  string allowing escape sequences which are replaced according to the context. For node attributes, the substring "\N" is replaced by the name of the node, and the substring "\G" by the name of the graph. For graph or cluster attributes, the substring "\G" is replaced by the name of the graph or cluster. For edge attributes, the substring "\E" is replaced by the name of the edge, the substring "\G" is replaced by the name of the graph or cluster, and the substrings "\T" and "\H" by the names of the tail and head nodes, respectively. The name of an edge is the string formed from the name of the tail node, the appropriate edge operator ("--" or "->") and the name of the head node.

  In addition, if the associated attribute is label, headlabel or taillabel, the escape sequences "\n", "\l" and "\r" divide the label into lines, centered, left-justified, and right-justified, respectively.

layerList
  list of strings separated by characters from the layersep attribute (by default, colons, tabs or spaces), defining layer names and implicitly numbered 1,2,...
layerRange
  layerId or layerIdslayerId,
  where layerId = "all", a decimal integer or a layer name. (An integer i corresponds to layer i.) The string s consists of 1 or more separator characters specified by the layersep attribute.
lblString
  an escString or an HTML label.
outputMode
  "breadthfirst","nodesfirst","edgesfirst" These specify the order in which nodes and edges are drawn in concrete output. The default "breadthfirst" is the simplest, but when the graph layout does not avoid edge-node overlap, this mode will sometimes have edges drawn over nodes and sometimes on top of nodes. If the mode "nodesfirst" is chosen, all nodes are drawn first, followed by the edges. This guarantees an edge-node overlap will not be mistaken for an edge ending at a node. On the other hand, usually for aesthetic reasons, it may be desirable that all edges appear beneath nodes, even if the resulting drawing is ambiguous. This can be achieved by choosing "edgesfirst".
packMode
  "node","clust","graph" These specify the granularity of packing connected components when the pack attribute is true. A value of "node" causes packing at the node and edge label, with no overlapping of these objects. This produces a layout with the least area, but it also allows interleaving, where a node of one component may lie between two nodes in another component. A value of "graph" does a packing using the bounding box of the component. Thus, there will be a rectangular region around a component free of elements of any other component. A value of "clust" guarantees that top-level clusters are kept intact. What effect a value has also depends on the layout algorithm. For example, neato does not support clusters, so a value of "clust" will have the same effect as the default "node" value.
pagedir
  "BL", "BR", "TL", "TR", "RB", "RT", "LB", "LT". These specify the 8 row or column major orders for traversing a rectangular array, the first character corresponding to the major order and the second to the minor order. Thus, for "BL", the major order is from bottom to top, and the minor order is from left to right. This means the bottom row is traversed first, from left to right, then the next row up, from left to right, and so on, until the topmost row is traversed.
point
  "%f,%f"('!') representing the point (x,y). The optional '!' indicates the node position should not change (input-only).

  If dim is 3 or more, point may also have the format "%f,%f,%f"('!') to represent the point (x,y,z).

pointf
  "%lf,%lf" representing the point (x,y).
pointfList
  list of pointf, separated by spaces.
portPos
  modifier indicating where on a node an edge should be aimed. It has the form `portname[:compass_point]` or `compass_point`. If the first form is used, the corresponding node must either have record shape with one of its fields having the given portname, or have an HTML-like label, one of whose components has a `PORT` attribute set to portname. In this case, the edge is aimed for the center of the corresponding field.

  If a compass point is used, it must have the form `"n","ne","e","se","s","sw","w","nw"`. This modifies the edge placement to aim for the corresponding compass point on the port or, in the second form where no portname is supplied, on the node itself.

  This attribute can be attached to an edge using the headport and tailport attributes, or as part of the edge description as in

  `node1:port1 -> node2:port5:nw;`

  Note that it is legal to have a portname the same as one of the compass points. In this case, this reference will be resolved to the port. Thus, if node `A` has a port `w`, then `headport=w` will refer to the port and not the compass point. At present, in this case, there is no way to specify that the compass point should be used.

rankType
  "same", "min", "source", "max", "sink"
rankdir
  "TB", "LR", "BT", "RL", corresponding to directed graphs drawn from top to bottom, from left to right, from bottom to top, and from right to left, respectively.
rect
  "%d,%d,%d,%d" The rect llx,lly,urx,ury gives the coordinates, in points, of the lower-left corner (llx,lly) and the upper-right corner (urx,ury).
shape
  A string specifying the shape of a node. There are three main types of shapes : polygon-based, record-based and user-defined.
splineType
  spline ( ';' spline )*

  where spline | = | (endp)? (startp)? point (triple)+
  and triple | = | point point point
  and endp | = | "e,%d,%d"
  and startp | = | "s,%d,%d"

  If a spline has points p1 p2 p3 ... pn, (n = 1 (mod 3)), the points correspond to the control points of a B-spline from p1 to pn. If startp is given, it touches one node of the edge, and the arrowhead goes from p1 to startp. If startp is not given, p1 touches a node. Similarly for pn and endp.
startType
  has the syntax `[style][seed]`.

  If style is present, it must be one of the strings `"regular"`, `"self"`, or `"random"`. In the first case, the nodes are placed regularly about a circle. In the second case, an abbreviated version of neato is run to obtain the initial layout. In the last case, the nodes are placed randomly in a unit square.

  If seed is present, it specifies a seed for the random number generator. If seed is a positive number, this is used as the seed. If it is anything else, the current time, and possibly the process id, is used to pick a seed, thereby making the choice more random. In this case, the seed value is stored in the graph.

  If the value is just `"random"`, a time-based seed is chosen.

  Note that input positions, specified by a node's pos attribute, are only used when the style is `"random"`.

style
  styleItem ( ',' styleItem )*

  where styleItem | = | name or name'('args')'
  and args | = | name ( ',' name )*
  and name | = | [^)(, ][^)(,]*

  Note that whitespace characters are ignored, except for names which can contain them. A name cannot contain any comma, or left or right parenthesis, and it cannot begin with a whitespace character.

  At present, the recognized style names are "dashed", "dotted", "solid", "invis" and "bold" for nodes and edges, and "filled", "diagonals" and "rounded" for nodes only. The styles "filled" and "rounded" are recognized for clusters. Additional styles are available in device-dependent form. Style lists are passed to device drivers, which can use this to generate appropriate output.

  The `setlinewidth` style value can be used for more control over the width of edges and node borders than is allowed by `bold`. This style value takes an argument, specifying the width of the line in points. For example, `style="bold"` is equivalent to `style="setlinewidth(2)"`.

viewPort
  "%lf,%lf,%lf,%lf,%lf" The viewPort "W,H,Z,x,y" specifies a viewport for the final image. The pair (W,H) gives the dimensions (width and height) of the viewport image, in pixels. Z is the zoom factor, i.e., 1 point corresponds to Z pixels. For example, use Z=1.34 (= 96/72) with a screen resolution of 96dpi to convert 1 inch (72 points) in the graph to 1 inch on the screen. The pair (x,y) give the position in the graph, in points, of the center of the viewport. To focus on a particular node, (x,y) can be set to the pos attribute "x,y" of the node. To center on the whole graph, use (bbx/2,bby/2), where "bbx,bby" is the value of the bounding box attribute bb.