Release: 1.2.8 | Release Date: May 28, 2018

# SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation

# Source code for examples.inheritance.single

    """Single-table (table-per-hierarchy) inheritance example."""

    from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, \
        ForeignKey, create_engine, inspect, or_
    from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, Session, with_polymorphic
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base, declared_attr

    Base = declarative_base()

    class Company(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'company'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(50))

        employees = relationship(
            "Person",
            back_populates='company',
            cascade='all, delete-orphan')

        def __repr__(self):
            return "Company %s" % self.name

    class Person(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'person'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        company_id = Column(ForeignKey('company.id'))
        name = Column(String(50))
        type = Column(String(50))

        company = relationship("Company", back_populates="employees")

        __mapper_args__ = {
            'polymorphic_identity': 'person',
            'polymorphic_on': type
        }

        def __repr__(self):
            return "Ordinary person %s" % self.name

    class Engineer(Person):

        engineer_name = Column(String(30))
        primary_language = Column(String(30))

        # illustrate a single-inh "conflicting" column declaration;
        # see http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/extensions/
        #       declarative/inheritance.html#resolving-column-conflicts
        @declared_attr
        def status(cls):
            return Person.__table__.c.get('status', Column(String(30)))

        __mapper_args__ = {
            'polymorphic_identity': 'engineer',
        }

        def __repr__(self):
            return (
                "Engineer %s, status %s, engineer_name %s, "
                "primary_language %s" %
                (
                    self.name, self.status,
                    self.engineer_name, self.primary_language)
            )

    class Manager(Person):
        manager_name = Column(String(30))

        @declared_attr
        def status(cls):
            return Person.__table__.c.get('status', Column(String(30)))

        __mapper_args__ = {
            'polymorphic_identity': 'manager',
        }

        def __repr__(self):
            return "Manager %s, status %s, manager_name %s" % (
                self.name, self.status, self.manager_name)

    engine = create_engine('sqlite://', echo=True)
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

    session = Session(engine)

    c = Company(name='company1', employees=[
        Manager(
            name='pointy haired boss',
            status='AAB',
            manager_name='manager1'),
        Engineer(
            name='dilbert',
            status='BBA',
            engineer_name='engineer1',
            primary_language='java'),
        Person(name='joesmith'),
        Engineer(
            name='wally',
            status='CGG',
            engineer_name='engineer2',
            primary_language='python'),
        Manager(
            name='jsmith',
            status='ABA',
            manager_name='manager2')
    ])
    session.add(c)

    session.commit()

    c = session.query(Company).get(1)
    for e in c.employees:
        print(e, inspect(e).key, e.company)
    assert set([e.name for e in c.employees]) == set(
        ['pointy haired boss', 'dilbert', 'joesmith', 'wally', 'jsmith'])
    print("\n")

    dilbert = session.query(Person).filter_by(name='dilbert').one()
    dilbert2 = session.query(Engineer).filter_by(name='dilbert').one()
    assert dilbert is dilbert2

    dilbert.engineer_name = 'hes dilbert!'

    session.commit()

    c = session.query(Company).get(1)
    for e in c.employees:
        print(e)

    # query using with_polymorphic.
    eng_manager = with_polymorphic(Person, [Engineer, Manager])
    print(
        session.query(eng_manager).
        filter(
            or_(
                eng_manager.Engineer.engineer_name == 'engineer1',
                eng_manager.Manager.manager_name == 'manager2'
            )
        ).all()
    )

    # illustrate join from Company,
    eng_manager = with_polymorphic(Person, [Engineer, Manager])
    print(
        session.query(Company).
        join(
            Company.employees.of_type(eng_manager)
        ).filter(
            or_(eng_manager.Engineer.engineer_name == 'engineer1',
                eng_manager.Manager.manager_name == 'manager2')
        ).all())

    session.commit()