Release: 1.2.8 | Release Date: May 28, 2018

# SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation

# Source code for examples.association.proxied_association

    """proxied_association.py

    same example as basic_association, adding in
    usage of :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy` to make explicit references
    to ``OrderItem`` optional.

    """

    from datetime import datetime

    from sqlalchemy import (create_engine, Column, Integer, String, DateTime,
                            Float, ForeignKey)
    from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, Session
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
    from sqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy import association_proxy

    Base = declarative_base()

    class Order(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'order'

        order_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        customer_name = Column(String(30), nullable=False)
        order_date = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now())
        order_items = relationship("OrderItem", cascade="all, delete-orphan",
                                   backref='order')
        items = association_proxy("order_items", "item")

        def __init__(self, customer_name):
            self.customer_name = customer_name

    class Item(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'item'
        item_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        description = Column(String(30), nullable=False)
        price = Column(Float, nullable=False)

        def __init__(self, description, price):
            self.description = description
            self.price = price

        def __repr__(self):
            return 'Item(%r, %r)' % (self.description, self.price)

    class OrderItem(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'orderitem'
        order_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('order.order_id'), primary_key=True)
        item_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('item.item_id'), primary_key=True)
        price = Column(Float, nullable=False)

        def __init__(self, item, price=None):
            self.item = item
            self.price = price or item.price
        item = relationship(Item, lazy='joined')

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        engine = create_engine('sqlite://')
        Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

        session = Session(engine)

        # create catalog
        tshirt, mug, hat, crowbar = (
            Item('SA T-Shirt', 10.99),
            Item('SA Mug', 6.50),
            Item('SA Hat', 8.99),
            Item('MySQL Crowbar', 16.99)
        )
        session.add_all([tshirt, mug, hat, crowbar])
        session.commit()

        # create an order
        order = Order('john smith')

        # add items via the association proxy.
        # the OrderItem is created automatically.
        order.items.append(mug)
        order.items.append(hat)

        # add an OrderItem explicitly.
        order.order_items.append(OrderItem(crowbar, 10.99))

        session.add(order)
        session.commit()

        # query the order, print items
        order = session.query(Order).filter_by(customer_name='john smith').one()

        # print items based on the OrderItem collection directly
        print([(assoc.item.description, assoc.price, assoc.item.price)
               for assoc in order.order_items])

        # print items based on the "proxied" items collection
        print([(item.description, item.price)
               for item in order.items])

        # print customers who bought 'MySQL Crowbar' on sale
        orders = session.query(Order).\
            join('order_items', 'item').\
            filter(Item.description == 'MySQL Crowbar').\
            filter(Item.price > OrderItem.price)
        print([o.customer_name for o in orders])