## 2.32 `OPTIONS` command

### 2.32.1 Syntax

`OPTions`
`OPTions` option-name value ...

### 2.32.2 Purpose

Sets options, iteration parameters, global data.

### 2.32.3 Comments

Typical usage is the name of the item to set followed by the value.
The bare command ``OPTions`' displays the values.
These options control the simulation by specifying how to handle marginal circumstances, how long to wait for convergence, etc.
Most of the SPICE options are supported, more have been added.

### 2.32.4 Parameters

`ACCT`
  Turns on accounting. When enabled, print the CPU time used after each command, and a summary on exit in batch more. This does not affect accounting done by the `status` command.
`NOACCT`
  Turns off accounting. (Not in SPICE.)
`LIST`
  Turns on echo of files read by `get` and `merge` commands, and in batch mode. (SPICE option accepted but not implemented.)
`NOLIST`
  Turns off list option. (Not in SPICE.)
`MOD`
  Enable printout of model parameters. (Accepted, but not implemented, to complement `NOMOD`.)
`NOMOD`
  Suppress printout of model parameters. (SPICE option accepted but not implemented.)
`PAGE`
  Enable page ejects at the beginning of simulation runs. (Accepted, but not implemented, to complement `NOPAGE`.)
`NOPAGE`
  Turn off page ejects. (SPICE option accepted but not implemented.)
`NODE`
  Enable printing of the node table. (SPICE option accepted but not implemented.)
`NONODE`
  Disable printing of the node table. (Accepted, but not implemented, to complement `NODE`.)
`OPTS`
  Enable printing of option values on every options command.
`NOOPTS`
  Disable automatic printing of option values. Option values are only printed on a null options command.
`GMIN` = x
  Minimum conductance allowed by the program. (Default = 1e-12 or 1 picomho.) Every node must have a net minimum conductance of `GMIN` to ground. If effective open circuits are found during the solution process (leading to a singular matrix) a conductance of `GMIN` is forced to ground, after printing an "open circuit" error message.
`RELTOL` = x
  Relative error tolerance allowed. (Default =.001 or .1%.) If the ratio of successive values in iteration are within `RELTOL` of one, this value is considered to have converged.
`ABSTOL` = x
  Absolute error tolerance allowed. (Default = 1e-12) If successive values in iteration are within `ABSTOL` of each other, this value is considered to have converged.
`VNTOL` = x
  Absolute voltage error required to force model re-evaluation. (Default = 1e-12 or 1 microvolt.) If the voltage at the terminals of a model is within `VNTOL` of the previous iteration, the model is not re-evaluated. The old values are used directly.
`TRTOL` = x
  Transient error “tolerance”. (Default = 7.) This parameter is an estimate of the factor by which the program overestimates the actual truncation error.
`CHGTOL` = x
  Charge tolerance. (Default = 1e-14) It is used in step size control in transient analysis.
`PIVTOL` = x
  Pivot tolerance. (Default = 1e-13) SPICE option accepted but not implemented.
`PIVREL` = x
  Pivot ratio. (Default = 1e-3) SPICE option accepted but not implemented.
`NUMDGT` = x
  Number of significant digits to print for analysis results. (Default = 5.) It is silently limited to 3 to 20.
`TNOM` = x
  Nominal temperature. (Default = 27∘ C.) All components have their nominal value at this temperature.
`ITL1` = x
  DC iteration limit. (Default = 100.) Sets the maximum number of iterations in a DC, OP, or initial transient analysis allowed before stopping and reporting that it did not converge.
`ITL2` = x
  DC transfer curve iteration limit. (Default = 50.) SPICE option accepted but not implemented. Use ITL1 instead.
`ITL3` = x
  Lower transient iteration limit. (Default = 4.) If the number of iterations is more than `ITL3` the step size will not increase beyond its present size. Otherwise, it can grow by trstepgrow.
`ITL4` = x
  Upper transient iteration limit. (Default = 10.) Sets the maximum number of iterations on a step in transient analysis. If the circuit fails to converge in this many iterations the step size is reduced (by option trstepshrink), time is backed up, and the calculation is repeated.
`ITL5` = x
  Transient analysis total iteration limit. (Default = 5000.) SPICE option accepted but not implemented. Actual behavior is the same as `ITL5` = 0, in SPICE, which omits this test.
`ITL6` = x
  Source stepping iteration limit. (Default = 0.) SPICE option accepted but not implemented. Source stepping is not available.
`ITL7` = x
  Worst case analysis iteration limit. (Default = 1.) Sets the maximum number of iterations for the individual element trials in a DC or bias worst case analysis. If more iterations than this are necessary, the program silently goes on to the next step, as if nothing was wrong, which is usually the case.
`ITL8` = x
  Convergence diagnostic iteration threshold. (Default = 100.) If the iteration count on a step exceeds `ITL8` diagnostic messages are printed in an attempt to aid the user in solving the convergence problem.
`CPTIME` = x
  Total CPU job time limit. (Default = 30000.) SPICE option accepted but not implemented. There is no limit imposed.
`LIMTIM` = x
  CPU time reserved for plotting. (Default = 2.) SPICE option accepted but not implemented.
`LIMPTS` = x
  Max number of points printed. (Default = 201.) SPICE option accepted but not implemented.
`LVLCOD` = x
  Matrix solution and allocation method. (Default = 2, generate machine language.) SPICE option not implemented.
`LVLTIM` = x
  Time step control method. (Default = 2, truncation error.) SPICE option not implemented.
`METHOD` = x
  Integration method. (Default = `TRAPezoidal`.) Possible values are:
  `EULER`
    backward Euler, unless forced to other
  `EULERONLY`
    backward Euler only
  `TRAP`
    usually trap, but Euler where better
  `TRAPONLY`
    always trapezoid
`DEFL` = x
  MOSFET default channel length in meters. (Default = 100u.)
`DEFW` = x
  MOSFET default channel width in meters. (Default = 100u.)
`DEFAD` = x
  MOSFET default drain diffusion area in square meters. (Default = 0.)
`DEFAS` = x
  MOSFET default source diffusion area in square meters. (Default = 0.)
`SEED` = x
  Seed used by the random number generator. (Default = 1.) (ECA-2 equivalent = `Random`.) (Not available in SPICE.) The same random numbers will be used every time, determined by this seed number. Setting this to zero is a special case, causing each run to start from a random point.
`WCZERO` = x
  Worst case zero window. (Default = 1e-9) (Not available in SPICE.) Sets a window for the difference in a DC or bias worst case analysis. Differences less than this are assumed to be zero, for purposes of setting direction flags. This prevents cluttering up the screen with very small numbers that are essentially zero.
`DAMPMAX` = x
  Normal Newton damping factor. (Default = 1.) Sets the damping factor for iteration by damped Newton's method, used when all is well. It must be between 0 and 1, as close to 1 as possible and still achieve convergence. The useful range is from .9 to 1. Setting `DAMPMAX` too low will probably cause convergence to a nonsense result.
`DAMPMIN` = x
  Newton damping factor in problem cases. (Default = .5) Sets the damping factor for iteration by damped Newton's method, used when there are problems. It must be between 0 and 1, and is usually set somewhat less than `DAMPMAX`. The useful range is from .5 to .9. Setting it lower than .5 may cause convergence to a nonsense result. Aside from that, a lower value (but less than `DAMPMAX`) tends to improve robustness at the expense of convergence speed.
`DAMPSTrategy` = x
  Damping strategy. (Default = 0) The actual damping factor to use is determined by heuristics. Normally the damping factor is `DAMPMAX`. It is reduced to `DAMPMIN` when certain conditions occur, then it drifts back up on subsequent iterations. This parameter turns the various heuristics on or off. The number to use is the sum of the following flags.
    1 the second iteration on any voltage or time step. (usually helps robustness, but always increases iteration count.)
    2 if the voltage at any nonlinear node exceeds the range determined by `VMIN`, `VMAX`, and `LIMIT`. (usually not desirable.)
    4 if any device limiting algorithm is activated. (usually not desirable.)
    10 when any device crosses a region boundary. (usually desirable and has little cost.)
    20 when a FET or BJT is reversed. (usually helps robustness. sometimes increases iteration count.)
`FLOOR` = x
  Effective zero value. (Default = 1e-21) Results values less than `FLOOR` are shown as zero. Other small numbers are rounded to the nearest `FLOOR`.
`VFLOOR` = x
  Effective zero value for voltage probes. (Default = 1e-15) Results values less than `VFLOOR` are shown as zero. Other small numbers are rounded to the nearest `VFLOOR`.
`TEMPAMB` = x
  Simulation temperature. (Default = 27∘ C.) Sets the ambient temperature, in degrees Celsius. This is the temperature at which the simulation takes place, unless changed by some other command.
`Short` = x
  Resistance of voltage source or short. (Default = 1e-7 or 10 μΩ.) Sets the default resistance of voltage sources. In some cases, inductors are replaced by resistors, if so, this is the value. It is also the resistance used to replace short circuits anywhere they are not allowed and the program finds one.
`TRansits` = x
  Mixed mode transition count. (Default = 2) Sets the number of “good” transitions for a supposedly digital signal to be accepted as digital.
`IN` = x
  Input width. (Default = 80.) Sets the last column read from each line of input. Columns past this are ignored. This option is present only for SPICE compatibility, through the `width` command, which is an alias for `options`.
`OUT` = x
  Output width. (Default = 80.) Sets the output print width, for tables and character graphics.
`XDivisions` = x
  X axis divisions. (Default = 4) Sets the number of divisions on the X axis for plotting.
`YDivisions` = x
  Y axis divisions. (Default = 4) Sets the number of divisions on the Y axis for plotting.
`ORder` = x
  Equation ordering. (Default = auto.) Determines how external node numbers are mapped to internal numbers. The values are `FORward`, `REVerse`, and `AUTo`.
`MODe` = x
  Simulation mode selection. (Default = mixed.) Values are `ANAlog`, `DIGital`, and `MIXed`. In analog mode, logic elements (type U) are replaced by their subcircuits as if they were type X. In digital mode, logic elements are simulated as digital regardless of whether the signals are proper or not, as in traditional mixed-mode simulation. In mixed mode, logic elements may be simulated as analog or digital depending on the signals present.
`BYPass`
  Bypass model evaluation if appropriate. If the last two iterations indicate that an element is converged or dormant, do not evaluate it but use its old values directly. (Default)
`VBYpass`
  Check only voltage to bypass model evaluation. This produces a faster but possibly less accurate simulation.
`NOBYpass`
  Do not bypass model evaluation.
`LUBypass`
  Bypass parts of LU decomposition if appropriate. If only a few elements of the matrix were changed solve only those parts of the LU matrix that depend on them. (Default)
`NOLUbypass`
  Do not bypass parts of LU decomposition. Solve the entire LU matrix whenever a matrix solution is called for regardless of whether it is actually needed.
`INCmode`
  Incrementally update the matrix. Instead of rebuilding the matrix on every iteration, keep as much of the old matrix as possible and make incremental changes. (Default)
`NOIncmode`
  Do not incrementally update the matrix. This eliminates a possible cause of roundoff error at the expense of a slower simulation.
`TRACELoad`
  Use a queue to only load changed elements to the matrix. This results in faster loading and has no known drawbacks. (Default)
`NOTRACELoad`
  Do not use a queue to only load changed elements to the matrix. Instead, load all elements, even if they are unchanged or zero. This is always slower, and is forced if "noincmode".
`LIMIT` = x
  Internal differential branch voltage limit. (Default = 1e10, essentially disabled.) All circuit branch voltages may be limited to ± x to aid in convergence. This is intended as a convergence aid only. It may or may not help.
`VMIN` = x
  Negative node voltage limit. (Default = -30) All node voltages may be limited to −x to aid in convergence and prevent numeric overflow. This is intended as a convergence aid only. It may or may not help.
`VMAX` = x
  Positive node voltage limit. (Default = 30) All node voltages may be limited to +x to aid in convergence and prevent numeric overflow. This is intended as a convergence aid only. It may or may not help.
`DTMIn` = x
  Minimum time step. (Default = 1e-12.) The smallest internal time step in transient analysis. The `transient` command `dtmin` option and the `dtratio` option override it if it is bigger.
`DTRatio` = x
  The ratio between minimum and maximum time step. (Default = 1e9).
`RSTray`
  Include series resistance in device models. This creates internal nodes and results in a significant speed and memory penalty. It also makes convergence characteristics worse.
`NORSTray`
  Do not include series resistance in device models. This results in faster simulations and better numerical accuracy at the expense of model accuracy. Differences between `rstray` and `norstray` have been observed to be insignificant most of the time. Some popular commercial versions of SPICE do not implement series resistance at all, so `norstray` may be more consistent with other simulators.(Default)
`CSTray`
  Include capacitance in device models. This may create internal nodes and result in a significant speed and memory penalty. It also may make convergence characteristics worse. (Default)
`NOCSTray`
  Do not include capacitance in device models. This results in faster simulations and better numerical accuracy at the expense of model accuracy. Differences between `cstray` and `nocstray` are usually significant, since often the strays are the dominant reactive elements.
`Harmonics` = x
  Harmonics in Fourier analysis. (Default = 9) The number of harmonics to display in a Fourier analysis, unless specified otherwise.
`TRSTEPGrow` = x
  The maximum internal step size growth in transient analysis. (Default = 2.)
`TRSTEPShrink` = x
  The amount to decrease the transient step size by when convergence fails. (Default = 8.)
`TRReject` = x
  Transient error rejection threshold. (Default = .5) Controls how bad the truncation error must be to reject a time step. A value of .5 means that if the step reqested is smaller than .5 times the step size used, the current step will be rejected. If the new step is .8 times the old step size it will be adjusted but the step just calculated will not be rejected.

### 2.32.5 Examples

`options`
  Display the present settings.
`options itl1=50`
  Allows 50 iterations in a `dc` or `op` analysis.