snap-core-1.0.5.1: Snap: A Haskell Web Framework (core interfaces and types)

Safe Haskell | None
Language | Haskell2010

Snap.Util.FileUploads

Contents

- Functions
  - Backwards compatible API
- Uploaded parts
  - Policy
    - General upload policy
    - File upload policy
    - Per-file upload policy
- Exceptions

Description

This module contains primitives and helper functions for handling requests with `Content-type: multipart/form-data`, i.e. HTML forms and file uploads.

Typically most users will want to use `handleFileUploads`, which writes uploaded files to a temporary directory before sending them on to a handler specified by the user.

Users who wish to handle their file uploads differently can use the lower-level interface called `handleMultipart`. That function takes uploaded files and streams them to a consumer of the user's choosing.

Using these functions requires making "policy" decisions which Snap can't really make for users, such as "what's the largest PDF file a user is allowed to upload?" and "should we read form inputs into the parameters mapping?". Policy is specified on a "global" basis (using `UploadPolicy`), and on a per-file basis (using `PartUploadPolicy`, which allows you to reject or limit the size of certain uploaded `Content-type`s).

Example usage:

    {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

    module Main where

    import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B8
    import           Data.Functor          ((<$>))
    import           Snap.Core             (Snap, route, writeBS)
    import           Snap.Http.Server      (quickHttpServe)
    import           Snap.Util.FileUploads
    import           System.Posix          (FileOffset, fileSize, getFileStatus)

    uploadForm :: Snap ()
    uploadForm = writeBS "<form enctype=\"multipart/form-data\" action=\"/do-upload\" method=\"POST\">\
        \<input name=\"file\" type=\"file\" />\
        \<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Send File\" />\
        \</form>"

    getFileSize :: FilePath -> IO FileOffset
    getFileSize path = fileSize <$> getFileStatus path

    -- Upload handler that prints out the uploaded file's size.
    doUpload :: Snap ()
    doUpload = do
      l <- handleFileUploads "/tmp" defaultUploadPolicy
           (const $ allowWithMaximumSize (getMaximumFormInputSize defaultUploadPolicy))
           (\pinfo mbfname -> do fsize <- either (const $ return 0) getFileSize mbfname
                                 return (partFileName pinfo, fsize))
      writeBS . B8.pack . show $ l

    site :: Snap ()
    site = route
      [ ("/upload",    uploadForm)
      , ("/do-upload", doUpload)]

    main :: IO ()
    main = quickHttpServe site

Synopsis

- handleFormUploads :: MonadSnap m => UploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy -> (PartInfo -> InputStream ByteString -> IO a) -> m ([FormParam], [FormFile a])
- foldMultipart :: MonadSnap m => UploadPolicy -> PartFold a -> a -> m ([FormParam], a)
- type PartFold a = PartInfo -> InputStream ByteString -> a -> IO a
- type FormParam = (ByteString, ByteString)
- data FormFile a = FormFile {
  - formFileName :: !ByteString
  - formFileValue :: a
  }
- storeAsLazyByteString :: InputStream ByteString -> IO ByteString
- withTemporaryStore :: MonadSnap m => FilePath -> String -> ((InputStream ByteString -> IO FilePath) -> m a) -> m a
- handleFileUploads :: MonadSnap m => FilePath -> UploadPolicy -> (PartInfo -> PartUploadPolicy) -> (PartInfo -> Either PolicyViolationException FilePath -> IO a) -> m [a]
- handleMultipart :: MonadSnap m => UploadPolicy -> PartProcessor a -> m [a]
- type PartProcessor a = PartInfo -> InputStream ByteString -> IO a
- data PartInfo
- data PartDisposition
  - = DispositionAttachment
  - | DispositionFile
  - | DispositionFormData
  - | DispositionOther ByteString
- partFieldName :: PartInfo -> ByteString
- partFileName :: PartInfo -> Maybe ByteString
- partContentType :: PartInfo -> ByteString
- partHeaders :: PartInfo -> Headers
- partDisposition :: PartInfo -> PartDisposition
- data UploadPolicy
- defaultUploadPolicy :: UploadPolicy
- doProcessFormInputs :: UploadPolicy -> Bool
- setProcessFormInputs :: Bool -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy
- getMaximumFormInputSize :: UploadPolicy -> Int64
- setMaximumFormInputSize :: Int64 -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy
- getMaximumNumberOfFormInputs :: UploadPolicy -> Int
- setMaximumNumberOfFormInputs :: Int -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy
- getMinimumUploadRate :: UploadPolicy -> Double
- setMinimumUploadRate :: Double -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy
- getMinimumUploadSeconds :: UploadPolicy -> Int
- setMinimumUploadSeconds :: Int -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy
- getUploadTimeout :: UploadPolicy -> Int
- setUploadTimeout :: Int -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy
- data FileUploadPolicy
- defaultFileUploadPolicy :: FileUploadPolicy
- setMaximumFileSize :: Int64 -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy
- setMaximumNumberOfFiles :: Int -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy
- setSkipFilesWithoutNames :: Bool -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy
- setMaximumSkippedFileSize :: Int64 -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy
- data PartUploadPolicy
- disallow :: PartUploadPolicy
- allowWithMaximumSize :: Int64 -> PartUploadPolicy
- data FileUploadException
- fileUploadExceptionReason :: FileUploadException -> Text
- data BadPartException
- badPartExceptionReason :: BadPartException -> Text
- data PolicyViolationException
- policyViolationExceptionReason :: PolicyViolationException -> Text

# Functions

handleFormUploads #

Arguments

:: MonadSnap m |
=> UploadPolicy | general upload policy
-> FileUploadPolicy | Upload policy for files
-> (PartInfo -> InputStream ByteString -> IO a) | A file storage function
-> m ([FormParam], [FormFile a]) |

Processes form data and calls provided storage function on file parts.

You can use this together with `withTemporaryStore`, `storeAsLazyByteString` or provide your own callback to store uploaded files.

If you need to process uploaded file mime type or file name, do it in the store callback function.

See also `foldMultipart`.

Example using with small files which can safely be stored in memory.

    import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as Lazy

    handleSmallFiles :: MonadSnap m => [(ByteString, ByteString, Lazy.ByteString)]
    handleSmallFiles = handleFormUploads uploadPolicy filePolicy store

      where
        uploadPolicy = defaultUploadPolicy
        filePolicy = setMaximumFileSize (64*1024)
                     $ setMaximumNumberOfFiles 5
                       defaultUploadPolicy
        store partInfo stream = do
           content <- storeAsLazyByteString partInfo stream
           let
             fileName = partFileName partInfo
             fileMime = partContentType partInfo
           in (fileName, fileMime, content)

foldMultipart #

Arguments

:: MonadSnap m |
=> UploadPolicy | global upload policy
-> PartFold a | part processor
-> a | seed accumulator
-> m ([FormParam], a) |

Given an upload policy and a function to consume uploaded "parts", consume a request body uploaded with `Content-type: multipart/form-data`.

If `setProcessFormInputs` is `True`, then parts with disposition `form-data` (a form parameter) will be processed and returned as first element of resulting pair. Parts with other disposition will be fed to `PartFold` handler.

If `setProcessFormInputs` is `False`, then parts with any disposition will be fed to `PartFold` handler and first element of returned pair will be empty. In this case it is important that you limit number of form inputs and sizes of inputs in your `PartFold` handler to avoid common DOS attacks.

Note: THE REQUEST MUST BE CORRECTLY ENCODED. If the request's `Content-type` is not "`multipart/formdata`", this function skips processing using `pass`.

Most users will opt for the higher-level `handleFileUploads`, which writes to temporary files, rather than `handleMultipart`. This function should be chosen, however, if you need to stream uploaded files directly to your own processing function: e.g. to a database or a remote service via RPC.

If the client's upload rate passes below the configured minimum (see `setMinimumUploadRate` and `setMinimumUploadSeconds`), this function terminates the connection. This setting is there to protect the server against slowloris-style denial of service attacks.

Exceptions

If the given `UploadPolicy` stipulates that you wish form inputs to be processed (using `setProcessFormInputs`), and a form input exceeds the maximum allowable size or the form exceeds maximum number of inputs, this function will throw a `PolicyViolationException`.

If an uploaded part contains MIME headers longer than a fixed internal threshold (currently 32KB), this function will throw a `BadPartException`.

Since: 1.0.3.0

type PartFold a = PartInfo -> InputStream ByteString -> a -> IO a #

A type alias for a function that will process one of the parts of a `multipart/form-data` HTTP request body with accumulator.

type FormParam = (ByteString, ByteString) #

A form parameter name-value pair

data FormFile a #

Contents of form field of type `file`

Constructors

FormFile |
Fields formFileName :: !ByteString Name of a field formFileValue :: a Result of storing file

#### Instances

Instances details

Show a => Show (FormFile a) # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods showsPrec :: Int -> FormFile a -> ShowS # show :: FormFile a -> String # showList :: [FormFile a] -> ShowS #
Eq a => Eq (FormFile a) # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods (==) :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Bool # (/=) :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Bool #
Ord a => Ord (FormFile a) # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods compare :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Ordering # (<) :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Bool # (<=) :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Bool # (>) :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Bool # (>=) :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> Bool # max :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> FormFile a # min :: FormFile a -> FormFile a -> FormFile a #

storeAsLazyByteString :: InputStream ByteString -> IO ByteString #

Stores file body in memory as Lazy ByteString.

withTemporaryStore #

Arguments

:: MonadSnap m |
=> FilePath | temporary directory
-> String | file name pattern
-> ((InputStream ByteString -> IO FilePath) -> m a) | Action taking store function
-> m a |

Store files in a temporary directory, and clean up on function exit.

Files are safe to move until function exists.

If asynchronous exception is thrown during cleanup, temporary files may remain.

    uploadsHandler = withTemporaryStore "vartmp" "upload-" $ store -> do
        (inputs, files) <- handleFormUploads defaultUploadpolicy
                                             defaultFileUploadPolicy
                                             (const store)
        saveFiles files

## Backwards compatible API

handleFileUploads #

Arguments

:: MonadSnap m |
=> FilePath | temporary directory
-> UploadPolicy | general upload policy
-> (PartInfo -> PartUploadPolicy) | per-part upload policy
-> (PartInfo -> Either PolicyViolationException FilePath -> IO a) | user handler (see function description)
-> m [a] |

Reads uploaded files into a temporary directory and calls a user handler to process them.

Note: THE REQUEST MUST BE CORRECTLY ENCODED. If the request's `Content-type` is not "`multipart/formdata`", this function skips processing using `pass`.

Given a temporary directory, global and file-specific upload policies, and a user handler, this function consumes a request body uploaded with `Content-type: multipart/form-data`. Each file is read into the temporary directory, and is then passed to the user handler. After the user handler runs (but before the `Response` body is streamed to the client), the files are deleted from disk; so if you want to retain or use the uploaded files in the generated response, you need to move or otherwise process them.

The argument passed to the user handler is a tuple:

    (PartInfo, Either PolicyViolationException FilePath)

The first half of this tuple is a `PartInfo`, which contains the information the client browser sent about the given upload part (like filename, content-type, etc). The second half of this tuple is an `Either` stipulating that either:

1. the file was rejected on a policy basis because of the provided `PartUploadPolicy` handler
2. the file was accepted and exists at the given path.

Exceptions

If the client's upload rate passes below the configured minimum (see `setMinimumUploadRate` and `setMinimumUploadSeconds`), this function terminates the connection. This setting is there to protect the server against slowloris-style denial of service attacks.

If the given `UploadPolicy` stipulates that you wish form inputs to be placed in the `rqParams` parameter map (using `setProcessFormInputs`), and a form input exceeds the maximum allowable size, this function will throw a `PolicyViolationException`.

If an uploaded part contains MIME headers longer than a fixed internal threshold (currently 32KB), this function will throw a `BadPartException`.

handleMultipart #

Arguments

:: MonadSnap m |
=> UploadPolicy | global upload policy
-> PartProcessor a | part processor
-> m [a] |

A variant of `foldMultipart` accumulating results into a list. Also puts captured `FormParam`s into rqPostParams and rqParams maps.

type PartProcessor a = PartInfo -> InputStream ByteString -> IO a #

A type alias for a function that will process one of the parts of a `multipart/form-data` HTTP request body without usinc accumulator.

# Uploaded parts

data PartInfo #

`PartInfo` contains information about a "part" in a request uploaded with `Content-type: multipart/form-data`.

#### Instances

Instances details

Show PartInfo # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods showsPrec :: Int -> PartInfo -> ShowS # show :: PartInfo -> String # showList :: [PartInfo] -> ShowS #

data PartDisposition #

Represents the disposition type specified via the `Content-Disposition` header field. See RFC 1806.

Constructors

DispositionAttachment | `Content-Disposition: attachment`.
DispositionFile | `Content-Disposition: file`.
DispositionFormData | `Content-Disposition: form-data`.
DispositionOther ByteString | Any other value.

#### Instances

Instances details

Show PartDisposition # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods showsPrec :: Int -> PartDisposition -> ShowS # show :: PartDisposition -> String # showList :: [PartDisposition] -> ShowS #
Eq PartDisposition # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods (==) :: PartDisposition -> PartDisposition -> Bool # (/=) :: PartDisposition -> PartDisposition -> Bool #

partFieldName :: PartInfo -> ByteString #

Field name associated with this part (i.e., the name specified with `<input name="partFieldName" ...`).

partFileName :: PartInfo -> Maybe ByteString #

Name of the uploaded file.

partContentType :: PartInfo -> ByteString #

Content type of this part.

partHeaders :: PartInfo -> Headers #

Remaining headers associated with this part.

partDisposition :: PartInfo -> PartDisposition #

Disposition type of this part. See `PartDisposition`.

## Policy

### General upload policy

data UploadPolicy #

`UploadPolicy` controls overall policy decisions relating to `multipart/form-data` uploads, specifically:

- whether to treat parts without filenames as form input (reading them into the `rqParams` map)
- because form input is read into memory, the maximum size of a form input read in this manner, and the maximum number of form inputs
- the minimum upload rate a client must maintain before we kill the connection; if very low-bitrate uploads were allowed then a Snap server would be vulnerable to a trivial denial-of-service using a "slowloris"-type attack
- the minimum number of seconds which must elapse before we start killing uploads for having too low an upload rate.
- the amount of time we should wait before timing out the connection whenever we receive input from the client.

defaultUploadPolicy :: UploadPolicy #

A reasonable set of defaults for upload policy. The default policy is:

`maximum form input size`
  128kB
`maximum number of form inputs`
  10
`minimum upload rate`
  1kB/s
`seconds before rate limiting kicks in`
  10
`inactivity timeout`
  20 seconds

doProcessFormInputs :: UploadPolicy -> Bool #

Does this upload policy stipulate that we want to treat parts without filenames as form input?

setProcessFormInputs :: Bool -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy #

Set the upload policy for treating parts without filenames as form input.

getMaximumFormInputSize :: UploadPolicy -> Int64 #

Get the maximum size of a form input which will be read into our `rqParams` map.

setMaximumFormInputSize :: Int64 -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy #

Set the maximum size of a form input which will be read into our `rqParams` map.

getMaximumNumberOfFormInputs :: UploadPolicy -> Int #

Get the maximum size of a form input which will be read into our `rqParams` map.

setMaximumNumberOfFormInputs :: Int -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy #

Set the maximum size of a form input which will be read into our `rqParams` map.

getMinimumUploadRate :: UploadPolicy -> Double #

Get the minimum rate (in bytes/second) a client must maintain before we kill the connection.

setMinimumUploadRate :: Double -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy #

Set the minimum rate (in bytes/second) a client must maintain before we kill the connection.

getMinimumUploadSeconds :: UploadPolicy -> Int #

Get the amount of time which must elapse before we begin enforcing the upload rate minimum

setMinimumUploadSeconds :: Int -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy #

Set the amount of time which must elapse before we begin enforcing the upload rate minimum

getUploadTimeout :: UploadPolicy -> Int #

Get the "upload timeout". Whenever input is received from the client, the connection timeout is set this many seconds in the future.

setUploadTimeout :: Int -> UploadPolicy -> UploadPolicy #

Set the upload timeout.

### File upload policy

data FileUploadPolicy #

File upload policy, if any policy is violated then `PolicyViolationException` is thrown

defaultFileUploadPolicy :: FileUploadPolicy #

A default `FileUploadPolicy`

`maximum file size`
  1MB
`maximum number of files`
  10
`skip files without name`
  yes
`maximum size of skipped file`
  0

setMaximumFileSize :: Int64 -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy #

Maximum size of single uploaded file.

setMaximumNumberOfFiles :: Int -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy #

Maximum number of uploaded files.

setSkipFilesWithoutNames :: Bool -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy #

Skip files with empty file names.

If set, parts without filenames will not be fed to storage function.

HTML5 form data encoding standard states that form input fields of type file, without value set, are encoded same way as if file with empty body, empty file name, and type `application/octet-stream` was set as value.

You most likely want to use this with zero bytes allowed to avoid storing such fields (see `setMaximumSkippedFileSize`).

By default files without names are skipped.

Since: 1.0.3.0

setMaximumSkippedFileSize :: Int64 -> FileUploadPolicy -> FileUploadPolicy #

Maximum size of file without name which can be skipped.

Ignored if `setSkipFilesWithoutNames` is `False`.

If skipped file is larger than this setting then `FileUploadException` is thrown.

By default maximum file size is 0.

Since: 1.0.3.0

### Per-file upload policy

data PartUploadPolicy #

Upload policy can be set on an "general" basis (using `UploadPolicy`), but handlers can also make policy decisions on individual files/parts uploaded. For each part uploaded, handlers can decide:

- whether to allow the file upload at all
- the maximum size of uploaded files, if allowed

disallow :: PartUploadPolicy #

Disallows the file to be uploaded.

allowWithMaximumSize :: Int64 -> PartUploadPolicy #

Allows the file to be uploaded, with maximum size n in bytes.

# Exceptions

data FileUploadException #

All of the exceptions defined in this package inherit from `FileUploadException`, so if you write

    foo `catch` \(e :: FileUploadException) -> ...

you can catch a `BadPartException`, a `PolicyViolationException`, etc.

#### Instances

Instances details

Exception FileUploadException # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods toException :: FileUploadException -> SomeException # fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe FileUploadException # displayException :: FileUploadException -> String # backtraceDesired :: FileUploadException -> Bool #
Show FileUploadException # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods showsPrec :: Int -> FileUploadException -> ShowS # show :: FileUploadException -> String # showList :: [FileUploadException] -> ShowS #

fileUploadExceptionReason :: FileUploadException -> Text #

Human-readable error message corresponding to the `FileUploadException`.

data BadPartException #

Thrown when a part is invalid in some way (e.g. the headers are too large).

#### Instances

Instances details

Exception BadPartException # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods toException :: BadPartException -> SomeException # fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe BadPartException # displayException :: BadPartException -> String # backtraceDesired :: BadPartException -> Bool #
Show BadPartException # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods showsPrec :: Int -> BadPartException -> ShowS # show :: BadPartException -> String # showList :: [BadPartException] -> ShowS #

badPartExceptionReason :: BadPartException -> Text #

Human-readable error message corresponding to the `BadPartException`.

data PolicyViolationException #

Thrown when an `UploadPolicy` or `PartUploadPolicy` is violated.

#### Instances

Instances details

Exception PolicyViolationException # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods toException :: PolicyViolationException -> SomeException # fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe PolicyViolationException # displayException :: PolicyViolationException -> String # backtraceDesired :: PolicyViolationException -> Bool #
Show PolicyViolationException # |
Instance details Defined in Snap.Internal.Util.FileUploads Methods showsPrec :: Int -> PolicyViolationException -> ShowS # show :: PolicyViolationException -> String # showList :: [PolicyViolationException] -> ShowS #

policyViolationExceptionReason :: PolicyViolationException -> Text #

Human-readable error message corresponding to the `PolicyViolationException`.