# Building TeX Live (2014)

## Short Table of Contents

- 1 Introduction
- 2 Overview of build system
- 3 Prerequisites
- 4 Building
- 5 Installing
- 6 Layout and infrastructure
- 7 Configure options
- 8 Cross compilation
- 9 Coding conventions
- Appendix A install-tl
- Appendix B tlmgr
- Index

## Table of Contents

- 1 Introduction
- 2 Overview of build system
- 3 Prerequisites
- 4 Building
  - 4.1 Build iteration
  - 4.2 Build problems
  - 4.3 Build in parallel
  - 4.4 Build distribution
  - 4.5 Build one package
- 5 Installing
  - 5.1 Installation directories
  - 5.2 Linked scripts
  - 5.3 Distro builds
- 6 Layout and infrastructure
  - 6.1 Build system tools
  - 6.2 Top-level directories
  - 6.3 Autoconf macros
    - 6.3.1 General setup macros
    - 6.3.2 Macros for programs
    - 6.3.3 Macros for compilers
    - 6.3.4 Macros for libraries
    - 6.3.5 Macros for library and header flags
    - 6.3.6 Macros for Windows
  - 6.4 Library modules
    - 6.4.1 The `png` library in `libs/libpng`
    - 6.4.2 The `zlib` library in `libs/zlib`
    - 6.4.3 The `freetype` library in `libs/freetype2`
    - 6.4.4 The `kpathsea` library in `texk/kpathsea`
  - 6.5 Program modules
    - 6.5.1 The `t1utils` package in `utils/t1utils`
    - 6.5.2 The `xindy` package in `utils/xindy`
    - 6.5.3 The `xdvik` package in `texk/xdvik`
    - 6.5.4 The subdirectory `utils/asymptote`
  - 6.6 Extending TeX Live
    - 6.6.1 Adding a new program module
    - 6.6.2 Adding a new generic library module
    - 6.6.3 Adding a new TeX-specific library module
- 7 Configure options
  - 7.1 Global configure options
    - 7.1.1 `--disable-native-texlive-build`
    - 7.1.2 `--prefix`, `--bindir`, …
    - 7.1.3 `--disable-largefile`
    - 7.1.4 `--disable-missing`
    - 7.1.5 `--enable-compiler-warnings=`level
    - 7.1.6 `--enable-cxx-runtime-hack`
    - 7.1.7 `--enable-maintainer-mode`
    - 7.1.8 `--enable-multiplatform`
    - 7.1.9 `--enable-shared`
    - 7.1.10 `--enable-silent-rules`
    - 7.1.11 `--without-ln-s`
    - 7.1.12 `--without-x`
  - 7.2 Program-specific configure options
    - 7.2.1 `--enable-prog`, `--disable-prog`
    - 7.2.2 `--disable-all-pkgs`
    - 7.2.3 Configure options for `texk/web2c`
    - 7.2.4 Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`
    - 7.2.5 Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`
    - 7.2.6 Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`
    - 7.2.7 Configure options for `texk/texlive`
    - 7.2.8 Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
    - 7.2.9 Configure options for `utils/xindy`
  - 7.3 Library-specific configure options
    - 7.3.1 Configure options for `kpathsea`
    - 7.3.2 Configure options for system `poppler`
  - 7.4 Variables for configure
- 8 Cross compilation
  - 8.1 Cross configuring
  - 8.2 Cross problems
- 9 Coding conventions
  - 9.1 Declarations and definitions
  - 9.2 Const
- Appendix A install-tl
  - A.1 NAME
  - A.2 SYNOPSIS
  - A.3 DESCRIPTION
  - A.4 REFERENCES
  - A.5 OPTIONS
  - A.6 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - A.7 AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT
- Appendix B tlmgr
  - B.1 NAME
  - B.2 SYNOPSIS
  - B.3 DESCRIPTION
  - B.4 EXAMPLES
  - B.5 OPTIONS
  - B.6 ACTIONS
    - B.6.1 help
    - B.6.2 version
    - B.6.3 backup [–clean[=N]] [–backupdir dir] [–all | pkg]...
    - B.6.4 candidates pkg
    - B.6.5 check [option]... [files|depends|executes|runfiles|all]
    - B.6.6 conf [texmf|tlmgr|updmap [–conffile file] [–delete] [key [value]]]
    - B.6.7 dump-tlpdb [–local|–remote]
    - B.6.8 generate [option]... what
    - B.6.9 gui
    - B.6.10 info [option...] [collections|schemes|pkg...]
    - B.6.11 init-usertree
    - B.6.12 install [option]... pkg...
    - B.6.13 option
    - B.6.14 paper
    - B.6.15 path [–w32mode=user|admin] [add|remove]
    - B.6.16 pinning
    - B.6.17 platform list|add|remove platform...
    - B.6.18 platform set platform
    - B.6.19 platform set auto
    - B.6.20 postaction [–w32mode=user|admin] [–fileassocmode=1|2] [–all] [install|remove] [shortcut|fileassoc|script] [pkg]...
    - B.6.21 print-platform
    - B.6.22 restore [–backupdir dir] [–all | pkg [rev]]
    - B.6.23 remove [option]... pkg...
    - B.6.24 repository
    - B.6.25 search [option...] what
      - B.6.25.1 search [option...] –file what
      - B.6.25.2 search [option...] –taxonomy what
      - B.6.25.3 search [option...] –keyword what
      - B.6.25.4 search [option...] –functionality what
      - B.6.25.5 search [option...] –characterization what
      - B.6.25.6 search [option...] –all what
    - B.6.26 uninstall
    - B.6.27 update [option]... [pkg]...
  - B.7 USER MODE
    - B.7.1 user mode install
    - B.7.2 user mode backup; restore; remove; update
    - B.7.3 user mode generate; option; paper
  - B.8 CONFIGURATION FILE FOR TLMGR
  - B.9 TAXONOMIES
  - B.10 MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES
    - B.10.1 Pinning
  - B.11 GUI FOR TLMGR
    - B.11.1 Main display
      - B.11.1.1 Display configuration area
      - B.11.1.2 Package list area
      - B.11.1.3 Main display action buttons
    - B.11.2 Menu bar
  - B.12 MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT
    - B.12.1 Machine-readable `update` and `install` output
    - B.12.2 Machine-readable `option` output
  - B.13 AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT
- Index

# Building TeX Live (2014)

For an overview of this manual, see Introduction.

## 1 Introduction

This manual (dated May 2014) corresponds to the TeX Live 2014 release.

This manual is aimed at system installers and programmers, and focuses on how to configure, build, and develop the TeX Live (TL) sources. The sources can be acquired in a number of ways; see http://tug.org/texlive/svn.

This manual does not duplicate the (primarily user-level) information found in other TL documentation resources, such as:

- The TeX Live web pages: http://tug.org/texlive.
- The web page with an overview of how to build the binaries which are distributed with TeX Live: http://tug.org/texlive/build.html.
- The TeX Live user manual: http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html, or run `texdoc texlive`.
- Other TeX-related Texinfo manuals (see Web2c, Kpathsea, etc.): http://tug.org/texinfohtml/, or check the ‘`TeX`’ category in the GNU Info system.
- Package documentation: http://tug.org/texlive/Contents/live/doc.html, or the `doc.html` file at the top level of the installed TL.

As an exception, the full documentation for `install-tl` and `tlmgr` is included here, just because it is convenient to do so. The same text is available online (linked from http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html, or by invoking the program with ‘`--help`’ (or look at the end of the source file).

## 2 Overview of build system

The TeX Live build system was redesigned in 2009, consistently using Autoconf, Automake, and Libtool. Thus
`configure && make && make check && make install`
or the basically-equivalent top-level `Build` script suffice to build and install the TL programs. The `make check` clause performs various tests of the generated programs—not strictly required but strongly recommended. Running `configure --help` will display a comprehensive list of all `configure` options.

The main components of the TL build system are:

`libs/lib`

  Generic libraries.

`texk/lib`

  TeX-specific libraries in subdirectories, notably lib=`kpathsea`. (The other one is `texk/ptexenc`.)

`texk/prog`

  TeX-specific programs (that use Kpathsea).

`utils/prog`

  Other programs (that don’t use Kpathsea).

The primary design goal of the build system is modularity. Each program and library module (or package) specifies its own requirements and properties, such as required libraries, whether an installed (system) version of a library can be used, `configure` options to be seen at the top-level, and more. An explicit list of all available modules is kept in only one, central, place (`m4/kpse-pkgs.m4`).

A second, related goal is to configure and build each library before configuring any other (program or library) module which uses that library. This allows checking for properties and features of a library built as part of the TL tree in much the same way as for a system version of that library.

All generic libraries and several programs are maintained independently. The corresponding modules use (most of) the distributed source tree and document any modifications of that source.

All this is for the sake of simplifying both upgrading of modules maintained independently and integrating new modules into the TL build system. (Not to say that either task is trivial.)

## 3 Prerequisites

Overall, building the TeX Live programs, when using all libraries from the TL source tree, requires only C and C++ compilers and GNU `make`. (If `make` from your `PATH` is not GNU make, you can set `MAKE` in the environment to whatever is necessary.)

Indeed, GNU `make` is required only because of some third-party libraries, notably FreeType; all the TL-maintained directories (and Automake/Autoconf output in general) should work with any reasonable `make`.

However, a few programs in the tree have additional requirements:

`web2c`

  requires `perl` for some tests run by `make check`.

`xdvik`
`xpdfopen`

  require X11 headers and libraries, often in “development” packages that are not installed by default.

`xetex`

  requires `fontconfig` (again both headers and library).

`xindy`

  requires GNU `clisp` and in addition `perl`, `latex`, and `pdflatex` to build the rules and/or documentation.

Lacking the required tools, building these programs must avoided, e.g.,
`configure --without-x --disable-xetex --disable-xindy`

Modifying source files induces more requirements, as one might expect:

- Modification of any `.y` or `.l` source files requires `bison` or `flex` to updatete the corresponding C sources.
- Modification of the sources for `.info` files requires `makeinfo`.
- Modification of any part of the build system (M4 macros, `configure.ac`, `Makefile.am`, or their fragments) requires GNU M4, GNU Autoconf, GNU Automake, and GNU Libtool to update the generated files. See Build system tools.

If you haven’t modified any source files, and infrastructure tools such as `autoconf` or `makeinfo` are still being run, check your timestamps—notably, `use-commit-times` must be set to `yes` in your Subversion configuration (see Build system tools). Barring buggy commits, no infrastructure tools are needed to do a normal build.

## 4 Building

The top-level `Build` script is intended to simplify building the binaries distributed with TeX Live itself—we call this the “native” TL build. It configures and makes everything in a subdirectory of the main build tree (default `Work/`), installs everything in an other subdirectory (default `inst/`), and finally runs `make check`. The exact directory and command names can be specified via environment variables and a few leading options. All remaining arguments (assignments or options) are passed to the `configure` script. Please take a look at the script itself for more information; it is not complicated.

An alternative, and the one we will mainly discuss here, is to run `configure` and `make` oneself in a suitable empty subdirectory. Building in the source directory itself is not supported (sorry).

### 4.1 Build iteration

Running the top-level `configure` script configures the top level and the subdirectories `libs`, `utils`, and `texk`. Running `make` at the top-level first iterates over all TeX-specific libraries, and then runs `make` in `libs`, `utils`, and `texk` to iterate over all generic libraries, utility programs, and TeX-specific programs. These iterations consist of two steps:

1. For each library or program module not yet configured, run `configure`, adding the configure option `--disable-build` if the module need not be built, otherwise running `make all`.
2. For each library or program module that must be built, run `make` for the selected target(s): `default` or `all` to (re-)build, `check` to run tests, `install`, etc.

Running the top-level `make` a second time iterates again over all the library and program modules, but finds (should find) nothing to be done unless some source files have been modified.

### 4.2 Build problems

If configuring or building a module fails, you could either (a) find and fix the problem, or (b) remove the subdirectory for that module from the build tree, and rerun the top-level `make` (or `Build` with `--no-clean` as its first argument).

### 4.3 Build in parallel

The TL build system carefully formulates dependencies as well as `make` rules when a tool (such as `tangle`, `ctangle`, or `convert`) creates several output files. This allows for parallel builds (`make -j n` with n>1 or even `make -j`) that can considerably speed up the TL build.

Incidentally, a noticeable speed-up can also be (independently) gained by using a configure cache file, i.e., with the option `-C` (recommended).

### 4.4 Build distribution

Running `make dist` at the top-level creates a tarball `tex-live-yyyy-mm-dd.tar.xz` from the TL source tree. Running `make distcheck` also verifies that this tarball suffices to build and install all of TL.

This is useful for checking consistency of the source tree and Makefiles, but the result is not a complete or even usable TeX system, since all the support files are lacking; see Installing.

### 4.5 Build one package

To build one package, the basic idea is to use the `configure` option `--disable-all-pkgs` (see `--disable-all-pkgs`). Then all program and library modules are configured but none are made. However, the `Makefile`s still contain all build rules and dependencies and can be invoked to build an individual program or library and causes to first build any required libraries.

This “build-on-demand” procedure is used, e.g., in the `luatex` repository to build LuaTeX, essentially from a subset of the complete TeX Live tree. Similarly, when, e.g., building the original e-TeX has been disabled (as it is by default), one can run `make etex` (or `make etex.exe`) in `texk/web2c/` to build e-TeX (although there is no comparably simple way to install e-TeX).

If you want to work on a single program within the TL sources, this is the recommended way to do it. Here is an example from start to finish for working on `dvipdfmx`.

    mkdir mydir && cd mydir  # new working directory

    # Get sources (http://tug.org/texlive/svn)
    rsync -a --delete --exclude=.svn --exclude=Work \
          tug.org::tldevsrc/Build/source/ .

    # Create build directory:
    mkdir Work && cd Work

    # Do the configure:
    ../configure --disable-all-pkgs --enable-dvipdfm-x \
      -C CFLAGS=-g CXXFLAGS=-g >&outc

    # Do the make:
    make >&outm

    # Test:
    cd texk/dvipdfmx
    make check

Then you modify source files in `mydir/texk/dvipdfm-x` and rerun `make` in `mydir/Work/texk/dvipdfm-x` to rebuild.

The second line the `configure` are invocation shows examples of extra things you likely want to specify if you intend to hack the sources (and not just build binaries): the `-C` speeds up `configure`, and the `CFLAGS` and `CXXFLAGS` are to eliminate compiler optimization for debugging purposes.

Of course, one should actually look at the output and check that things are working. There are many `configure` options you can tweak as desired; check the output from `configure --help`.

Finally, the above retrieves the entire TL source tree (some 300mb). It is natural to ask if this is really necessary. Strictly speaking, the answer is no, but it is vastly more convenient to do so. If you cut down the source tree, you must also give additional `configure` flags to individually disable using system versions of libraries, or the intricacies of the dependencies (such as `teckit` requiring `zlib`) will have undesired side effects. For an example, see the `build-pdftex.sh` script in the `pdftex` development sources (http://pdftex.org), which are indeed a cut-down TL source tree.

## 5 Installing

This section discusses the results of `make install` in the source tree.

The main consideration is that `make install` is not enough to make a usable TeX installation. Beyond the compiled binaries, (thousands of) support files are needed; just as a first example `plain.tex` is not in the source tree.

These support files are maintained completely independently and are not present in the source tree. The best basis for dealing with them is the TeX Live (plain text) database in `Master/tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb`, and/or the TeX Live installer, `install-tl`. More information is under `Master/tlpkg` and at http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html.

### 5.1 Installation directories

Running `make install` (or `make install-strip`) installs executables in `bindir`, libraries in `libdir`, headers in `includedir`, general data (including “linked scripts”, see Linked scripts) in `datarootdir/texmf-dist`, man pages in `mandir`, and Info files in `infodir`.

The values of these directories are determined by `configure` and can be specified explictly as options such as `--prefix=prefix` or `--bindir=bindir`; otherwise, they are given by their usual Autoconf defaults:

    prefix                  /usr/local
    exec_prefix             prefix
    bindir                  exec_prefix/bin
    libdir                  exec_prefix/lib
    includedir              prefix/include
    datarootdir             prefix/share
    mandir                  datarootdir/man
    infodir                 datarootdir/info

… except possibly modified as follows:

- If the option `--enable-multiplatform` is given, `/platform` (i.e., the canonical platform name) is appended to `bindir` and `libdir`. This is implied for a native TL build.

The top-level `configure` script displays all these installation paths.

For the native TL build, the `Build` script leaves the binaries in `./inst/bin/std-platform-name`. The new binaries are not directly usable from that location; they need to be copied to `Master/bin/tl-platform`. The other files and directories that end up in `./inst/` are ignored.

### 5.2 Linked scripts

Quite a few executables are architecture-independent shell, Perl, or other interpreted scripts, rather than compiled binaries. A few are maintained as part of the TL source tree, but most are maintained elsewhere with copies under `texk/texlive/linked_scripts`.

These so-called linked scripts are installed under `datarootdir/texmf-dist/scripts`; for Unix-like systems a symbolic link is made in `bindir`. For example, a symlink points from `bindir/ps2eps` to `datarootdir/texmf-dist/scripts/ps2eps/ps2eps.pl`. For Windows, a standard wrapper binary (e.g., `bindir/ps2eps.exe`) serves the same purpose. (The source for the wrapper is in `texk/texlive/w32_wrapper`.)

One reason for this is to avoid having many copies of the same script; a more important reason is that it guarantees the scripts will stay in sync across the different supported operating systems.

Most important of all, we want the `bindir` resulting from the build to be as close as possible to what is in the TL distribution. At present, there are a few exceptions—Asymptote, Biber, Xindy—and each one creates considerable extra work. We don’t want to add more. (See http://tug.org/texlive/build.html for information about building those exceptions, as well as the `xz` and `wget` programs that are used in the TL infrastructure.)

### 5.3 Distro builds

Although they use the same code base, building for the native TL distribution as shipped by the TeX user groups is typically quite different from a “distro” build needed by, e.g., a full GNU/Linux or BSD operating system distribution.

The native TL distribution uses shared libraries only when absolutely necessary (`libc`, `libm`, X11 libraries, and `libfontconfig`). However, a distro typically wants to use as many shared libraries as possible from elsewhere on the system, including TeX-specific libraries such as `libkpathsea` (even though Kpathsea has never officially been released as a shared library, but we digress). In addition, the installation paths will, in general, be completely different.

Here are the `configure` options that distro builds are likely to find most relevant:

`--disable-native-texlive-build`

  This must be specified to avoid interference from the many tweaks we do for the native TL build.

`--with-banner-add=/SomeDistro`

  This isn’t technically required, but is strongly recommended, so your build and your distro can be distinguished from others.

`--enable-shared`

  Build shared versions of the TeX-specific libraries (uses `libtool`).

`--disable-static`

  Do not build the static versions of the TeX-specific libraries.

`--with-system-lib`

  Use system versions for as many libraries lib as possible. `configure --help` will give you the list of possibilities.

`--with-lib-includes=dir`
`--with-lib-libdir=dir`

  If needed, allows you to specify where the headers/code are for the given library lib.

`--prefix=/usr`
`--prefix=/opt/TeXLive`

  Or whatever your convention is. The default is `/usr/local` and you shouldn’t install there for a distro.

`--libdir=\${exec_prefix}/lib64`

  May be needed for 64-bit bi-architecture (GNU/Linux) systems.

You will need to take care of the support files mentioned above (see Installing), and many other issues, such as font maps, languages, and formats, independently of the build. Norbert Preining has written a detailed article on adapting TL for distros: http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb34-3/tb108preining-distro.pdf. (If the article needs updating in the future, perhaps we will merge it into this document.)

## 6 Layout and infrastructure

The TeX Live source tree is the subtree rooted at `Build/source` of the complete TL distribution and contains the sources for all executables distributed by TL, as well as `configure` scripts and `make` rules to build and install them together with some of their support files.

### 6.1 Build system tools

As mentioned above (see Prerequisites), a normal build requires very little. On the other hand, if you want to modify the TeX Live infrastructure sources, such as `configure.ac` or `Makefile.am` files, you will need to have several additional tools installed.

In general, the TL build system uses the latest released versions of the GNU build tools, installed directly from the original GNU releases (e.g., by building them with `configure --prefix=/usr/local/gnu` and having `PATH` start with `/usr/local/gnu/bin`). We have found that trying to use the versions of these tools packaged for distros causes many extra hassles, so don’t do that, tempting as it may be.

Currently the versions we use are:

    autoconf (GNU Autoconf) 2.69
    automake (GNU automake) 1.14.1
    bison (GNU Bison) 3.0.2
    flex 2.5.39
    ltmain.sh (GNU libtool) 2.4.2
    m4 (GNU M4) 1.4.17
    makeinfo (GNU texinfo) 5.2

These versions should be used to update the generated files (e.g., `configure` or `Makefile.in`) in all or parts of the TL tree after their dependencies have been changed. This can be done explicitly with the top-level `reautoconf` script or implicitly by using the configure option `--enable-maintainer-mode`.

The files in the Subversion repository (see http://tug.org/texlive/svn) are all up to date, but unfortunately this may not be reflected by their timestamps. (For starters, be sure to set `use-commit-times=yes` in `~/.subversion/config` or the equivalent.)

To avoid unnecessary runs of `bison`, `flex`, or `makeinfo` it may be necessary to `touch` the generated (`.c`, `.h`, or `.info`) files. With `--enable-maintainer-mode` it may also be necessary to `touch` first `aclocal.m4`, then `configure` and `config.h.in` (or `c-auto.in`), and finally all `Makefile.in` files. Perhaps `make -t` will help.

### 6.2 Top-level directories

Here is a brief description of the top-level directories in the TeX Live source tree.

As mentioned at the beginning of the chapter (see Overview of build system), the main source directories are `texk/` (TeX-specific programs and libraries), `utils/` (additional programs), and `libs` (generic libraries).

The top-level directories `am/` and `m4/` contain `Makefile.am` fragments and Autoconf macros, respectively, used in many places. Specifically, the file `m4/kpse-pkgs.m4` contains lists of all program and library modules; missing modules are silently ignored. (This helps in creating cut-down source trees.)

Each module contributes fragments (in separate files) defining its capabilities and requirements to the `configure.ac` scripts at the top-level and in the subdirectories `libs`, `utils`, and `texk`. The fragments from program modules supply `configure` options to disable or enable building them; those from library modules specify if an installed (system) version of that library can be used. This ultimately determines which modules need to be built—although all modules must be configured for the benefit of `make` targets such as `dist` or `distcheck`.

The top-level `build-aux/` directory contains the common files `compile`, `config.guess`, `config.sub`, `depcomp`, etc. for most packages, pulled from the GNU Gnulib sources (http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib), which in turn synchronizes with the appropriate ultimate upstream repository. There are, however, independent copies in, e.g., `libs/freetype2/freetype-*/builds/unix/`, and similar places. The `reautoconf` script does not touch those, but a TL cron job keeps them in sync (nightly).

The directory `extra/` contains things which are not part of the TL build, but are present just for (someone’s) convenience, e.g., `epstopdf` which is developed here.

### 6.3 Autoconf macros

Here we describe some of the Autoconf macros used in several modules–not a complete list, by any means. These general macros are supplemented by module-specific macros in directories such as `texk/dvipng/m4/`; some of those are described in Library modules and see Program modules.

#### 6.3.1 General setup macros

The TL sources use two general setup macros:

Macro: KPSE_BASIC (name, [more-options])

  Initialize the basic TL infrastructure for module name:
  `AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign more-options])`
  `AM_MAINTAINER_MODE`
  `KPSE_COMPILER_WARNINGS`
  and make sure the C compiler understands function prototypes. This is used for all generic library and program modules.

Macro: KPSE_COMMON (name, [more-options])

  Like `KPSE_BASIC` but add:
  `LT_PREREQ([2.2.6])`
  `LT_INIT([win32-dll])`
  `AC_SYS_LARGEFILE`
  `AC_FUNC_FSEEKO`
  and check for frequently used functions, headers, types, and structures. This is used for TeX-specific modules.

#### 6.3.2 Macros for programs

Macros for program checks:

Macro: KPSE_CHECK_LATEX

  Set `LATEX` to the name of the first of `latex`, `elatex`, or `lambda` which exists in `PATH`, or to `no` if none of them exists. Call `AC_SUBST` for `LATEX`. The result of this test can be overridden by setting the `LATEX` environment variable or the cache variable `ac_cv_prog_LATEX`.

Macro: KPSE_CHECK_PDFLATEX

  Check for `pdflatex` in `PATH` and set `PDFLATEX`.

Macro: KPSE_CHECK_PERL

  Check for `perl` or `perl5` in `PATH` and set `PERL`.

Macro: KPSE_PROG_LEX

  Call `AC_PROG_LEX` and add the flag `-l` for `flex`.

#### 6.3.3 Macros for compilers

Macros for compiler-related checks:

Macro: KPSE_COMPILER_WARNINGS

  When using the (Objective) C/C++ compiler, set `WARNING_[OBJ]C[XX`]FLAGS to suitable warning flags (depending on the value given to or implied for `--enable-compiler-warnings`). Call `AC_SUBST` for them. At the moment this only works for GNU compilers, but could be extended to others if necessary.

  This macro caches its results in the `kpse_cv_warning_cflags`, … variables.

Macro: KPSE_COMPILER_VISIBILITY

  When using the C or C++ compiler, try to set `VISIBILITY_C[XX]FLAGS` to flags to hide external symbols. Call `AC_SUBST` for this variable. At the moment this only tests for the compiler option `-fvisibility=hidden`, but that could be extended with more checks if necessary.

  This macro caches its results in the `kpse_cv_visibility_cflags` or `kpse_cv_visibility_cxxflags` variable.

Macro: KPSE_CXX_HACK

  Provide the configure option `--enable-cxx-runtime-hack`. If enabled and when using `g++`, try to statically link with `libstdc++`, somewhat improving portability of the resulting binary.

  This macro caches its result in the `kpse_cv_cxx_hack` variable.

#### 6.3.4 Macros for libraries

One macro for a library check:

Macro: KPSE_LARGEFILE (variable, [extra-define])

  Call `AC_SYS_LARGEFILE` and `AC_FUNC_FSEEKO` and append suitable `-D` flags (optionally including `-Dextra-define`) to variable.

#### 6.3.5 Macros for library and header flags

Each library module `libs/lib` or `texk/lib` is supplemented by a macro `KPSE_LIB_FLAGS` (all uppercase) that provides make variables for that library. E.g., for `libs/libpng`:

Macro: KPSE_LIBPNG_FLAGS

  Provide the configure option `--with-system-libpng`. Set and `AC_SUBST` `make` variables for modules using this library (either an installed version or from the TeX Live tree): `LIBPNG_INCLUDES` for use in CPPFLAGS, LIBPNG_LIBS for use in LDADD, LIBPNG_DEPEND for use as dependency, and LIBPNG_RULE defining `make` rules to rebuild the library.

Macro: KPSE_ADD_FLAGS (libname)

  Temporarily extend CPPFLAGS and LIBS with the values required for the library module `name`.

Macro: KPSE_RESTORE_FLAGS

  Restore `CPPFLAGS` and `LIBS` to their original values.

As an example, the `configure.ac` file for a hypothetical program `utils/foo` using `libpng`, and hence `zlib`, would contain

    KPSE_ZLIB_FLAGS
    KPSE_LIBPNG_FLAGS

and its `Makefile.am` would be along these lines:

    bin_PROGRAMS = foo
    AM_CPPFLAGS = ${ZLIB_INCLUDES} ${LIBPNG_INCLUDES}
    foo_LDADD = ${ZLIB_LIBS} ${LIBPNG_LIBS}
    foo_DEPENDENCIES = ${ZLIB_DEPEND} ${LIBPNG_DEPEND}
    ## Rebuild libz
    @ZLIB_RULE@
    ## Rebuild libpng
    @LIBPNG_RULE@

If it was necessary to examine whether certain `zlib` or `libpng` features were available, `configure.ac` should be continued this way:

    KPSE_ADD_FLAGS([zlib])
    … # tests for zlib features, if any
    KPSE_ADD_FLAGS([libpng])
    … # tests for libpng features
    KPSE_RESTORE_FLAGS # restore CPPFLAGS and LIBS

#### 6.3.6 Macros for Windows

Windows differs in several aspects from Unix-like systems, many of them due to the lack of symbolic links.

Macro: KPSE_CHECK_WIN32

  Check if compiling for a Windows system. The result is `no` for Unix-like systems (including Cygwin), `mingw32` for Windows with GCC, or `native` for Windows with MSVC. The result is cached in the `kpse_cv_have_win32` variable.

Macro: KPSE_COND_WIN32

  Call `KPSE_CHECK_WIN32` and define the Automake conditional `WIN32` (`true` if the value of `kpse_cv_have_win32` is not `no`).

Macro: KPSE_COND_MINGW32

  Call `KPSE_COND_WIN32` and define the Automake conditional `MINGW32` (`true` if the value of `kpse_cv_have_win32` is `mingw32`).

Macro: KPSE_COND_WIN32_WRAP

  Call `KPSE_COND_WIN32` and define the Automake conditional `WIN32_WRAP` (`true` if the standard Windows wrapper (`texk/texlive/w32_wrapper/runscript.exe`) exists. This wrapper is used on Windows instead of symlinks for the “linked scripts” (see Linked scripts).

Macro: KPSE_WIN32_CALL

  Call `KPSE_COND_WIN32`, check if the file `texk/texlive/w32_wrapper/callexe.c` exists; if it does, create a symlink in the build tree. Compiling `callexe.c` with `-DEXEPROG='"foo.exe"'` and installing `callexe.exe` as `bar.exe` is used on Windows instead of a symlink `bar->foo` for Unix-like systems.

### 6.4 Library modules

Here we discuss some specifics for a few of the libraries in TL, both for the details themselves, and as a way of illuminating the general structure and variation.

#### 6.4.1 The `png` library in `libs/libpng`

This generic library uses the source tree in, e.g., the subdirectory `libpng-1.5.17` with all modifications for TL recorded in `libpng-1.5.17-PATCHES/*`. The `configure.ac` fragment `ac/withenable.ac` contains

    KPSE_WITH_LIB([libpng], [zlib])

specifying the module name, and indicating the dependency on `zlib`. A third literal argument `tree` would specify that the library from the TeX Live tree cannot be replaced by a system version. That not being the case here, a second fragment `ac/libpng.ac` contains

    KPSE_TRY_LIB([libpng],
                 [#include <png.h>],
                 [png_structp png; png_voidp io; png_rw_ptr fn;
    png_set_read_fn(png, io, fn);])

thus providing the simple C code

    #include <png.h>
    int main ()
    { png_structp png; png_voidp io; png_rw_ptr fn;
      png_set_read_fn(png, io, fn);
      return 0; }

which Autoconf uses to verify the usability of a system version with C code. The analogous macro `KPSE_TRY_LIBXX` would check using C++ code. These fragments are included by `configure.ac` at the top level.

For this library, among many other modules, a proxy build system for TL is used (`configure.ac`, `Makefile.am`, and `include/Makefile.am`), ignoring the distributed one. Consequently, a few generated files and auxiliary scripts are removed from the distributed source tree. The public headers `png.h`, `pngconf.h`, and `pnglibconf.h` are “installed” (as symlinks) under `include/` in the build tree exactly as they are for a system version under, e.g., `/usr/include/`.

The module is supplemented by the file `m4/kpse-libpng-flags.m4` that defines the M4 macro `KPSE_LIBPNG_FLAGS` used by all modules depending on this library in their `configure.ac` to generate the `make` variables `LIBPNG_INCLUDES` for use in `CPPFLAGS`, `LIBPNG_LIBS` for use in `LDADD`, `LIBPNG_DEPEND` for use as dependencies, and `LIBPNG_RULE` defining `make` rules to rebuild the library.

`m4/kpse-libpng-flags.m4` also supplies the configure option `--with-system-libpng` and uses `pkg-config` to determine the flags required for the system library.

#### 6.4.2 The `zlib` library in `libs/zlib`

This generic library is very much analogous to `libpng`, but without the dependency on any other library. The file `m4/kpse-zlib-flags.m4` supplies the configure option `--with-system-zlib`, as well as `--with-zlib-includes` and `--with-zlib-libdir` to specify non-standard locations of the `zlib` headers and/or library.

#### 6.4.3 The `freetype` library in `libs/freetype2`

This module uses a wrapper build system with an almost trivial `configure.ac` and with a `Makefile.am` that invokes `configure` and `make` for the distributed source, followed by `make install` with the build tree as destination. The flags required for the system library are obtained through `freetype-config`.

#### 6.4.4 The `kpathsea` library in `texk/kpathsea`

This is one of the TeX-specific libraries that are maintained as part of TeX Live (see Kpathsea). Despite being a core part of the TeX system, it is not a terribly special case in the infrastructure. The TeX libraries are Libtool libraries (static and/or shared) and are installed by `make install` together with the programs. They are, however, not part of the TL DVD as distributed by TeX user groups, and have never been officially released for standalone use.

It is possible, and possibly even useful for distro builds (see Distro builds, to specify the configure option `--with-system-kpathsea` in order to use a system version of the library and it may then be necessary to specify `--with-kpathsea-includes` and/or `--with-kpathsea-libdir`.

In addition to `ac/withenable.ac` and `ac/kpathsea.ac` there is a third fragment `ac/mktex.ac` included by both `ac/withenable.ac` and `configure.ac` that supplies configure options such as `--enable-mktextfm-default`, which determine the compile time default of whether or not to run `mktextfm` to generate a missing `.tfm` file. In any case, however, the command line options `-mktex=tfm` or `-no-mktex=tfm` for the TeX-like engines override this default.

### 6.5 Program modules

As with libraries (see Library modules), here we discuss the details for a few of the programs in TL.

#### 6.5.1 The `t1utils` package in `utils/t1utils`

Once again we use the distributed source tree `t1utils-1.38` with modifications documented in `t1utils-1.38-PATCHES/*` and a proxy build system consisting of `configure.ac` and `Makefile.am`. The fragment `ac/withenable.ac` contains

    KPSE_ENABLE_PROG([t1utils])

specifying the module name without any dependencies, and supplies the configure option `--disable-t1utils`.

#### 6.5.2 The `xindy` package in `utils/xindy`

This module uses the distributed source tree `xindy-2.4` with modifications documented in `xindy-2.4-PATCHES/*`, a proxy `configure.ac`, and a wrapper `Makefile.am` that descends into `xindy-2.4`. The `xindy` build requires that the distributed `Makefile`s allow a `VPATH` build, can handle all targets, and do not refer to `${top_srcdir}` or `${top_builddir}`. The fragment `ac/withenable.ac` contains

    KPSE_ENABLE_PROG([xindy], , [disable native])
    m4_include(kpse_TL[utils/xindy/ac/xindy.ac])
    m4_include(kpse_TL[utils/xindy/ac/clisp.ac])

where `disable` in the third argument indicates that `xindy` is only built if explicitly enabled by the user with `configure --enable-xindy` (the need for `clisp` is too painful to require by default), and `native` disallows cross compilation. The additional fragments `ac/xindy.ac` and `ac/clisp.ac` specify more `configure` options to be seen at the top level with `ac/xindy.ac` also included by `configure.ac`.

#### 6.5.3 The `xdvik` package in `texk/xdvik`

This package is maintained as part of the TeX Live tree with sources in its top level directory and the subdirectory `gui`. The fragment `ac/withenable.ac` contains

    dnl extra_dirs = texk/xdvik/squeeze
    KPSE_ENABLE_PROG([xdvik], [kpathsea freetype2], [x])
    m4_include(kpse_TL[texk/xdvik/ac/xdvik.ac])

thus specifying the dependency on the `kpathsea`, `freetype`, and X11 libraries. The M4 comment (following `dnl`) signals the subsidiary `squeeze/configure.ac`. This is needed because the main executable `xdvi-bin` (to be installed as, e.g., `xdvi-xaw`) is for the `host` system whereas the auxiliary program `squeeze/squeeze` has to run on the `build` system and in a cross compilation they differ.

The additional fragment `ac/xdvik.ac` is also included by `configure.ac` and supplies the configure option `--with-xdvi-x-toolkit` also seen at the top-level.

#### 6.5.4 The subdirectory `utils/asymptote`

This subdirectory contains the sources for `asy` and `xasy` but due to its complexity and prerequisites (e.g., OpenGL) it is not part of the TL build system. These programs must be built and installed independently, but are included on the TL DVD together with their support files.

### 6.6 Extending TeX Live

This section outlines the basic process for adding new packages to the TL build system.

#### 6.6.1 Adding a new program module

A TeX-specific program module in a subdirectory `texk/prog` may use the TeX-specific libraries and is included by adding its name `prog` to the M4 list `kpse_texk_pkgs` defined in `m4/kpse-pkgs.m4`.

A generic program module in a subdirectory `utils/prog` must not use the TeX-specific libraries and is included by adding its name `prog` to the M4 list `kpse_utils_pkgs` in `m4/kpse-pkgs.m4`.

In either case, apart from the program sources and build system (`configure.ac` and `Makefile.am`), the subdirectory `texk/prog` or `utils/prog` must provide a fragment `ac/withenable.ac` that contains the M4 macro `KPSE_ENABLE_PROG` defined in `m4/kpse-setup.m4` with `prog` as the mandatory first argument and three optional arguments:

1. a list of required libraries from the TL tree;
2. a list of options (`disable` if this module is not to be built without the configure option `--enable-prog`, `native` if cross compilation is not possible, `x` if the program requires X11 libraries);
3. and a comment added to the help text for the `configure` option `--enable-prog` or `--disable-prog`.

If the module requires specific configure options to be seen at the top-level, they should be defined in an additional fragment `ac/prog.ac` included from `ac/withenable.ac` and `configure.ac`.

#### 6.6.2 Adding a new generic library module

A generic library module in a subdirectory `libs/lib` must not depend on TeX-specific libraries, by definition. It is included by adding its name `lib` to the M4 list `kpse_libs_pkgs` in `m4/kpse-pkgs.m4`—before any other libraries from the TeX Live tree on which it depends.

As with program modules, the subdirectory `libs/lib` must contain the sources and build system for the library (and any installable support programs) and a fragment `ac/withenable.ac` that contains the M4 macro `KPSE_WITH_LIB` defined in `m4/kpse-setup.m4` with `lib` as the mandatory first argument and two optional arguments: a list of required libraries from the TL tree, and a list of options (currently there is only one: specify `tree` if this library cannot be replaced by a system version).

If a system version can be used, a second fragment `ac/lib.ac` is needed, containing the M4 macro `KPSE_TRY_LIB` (or `KPSE_TRY_LIBXX`) with `lib` as the mandatory first argument and two additional arguments for the Autoconf macro `AC_LANG_PROGRAM` used to compile and link a small C (or C++) program as sanity check for using the system library.

In addition a file `m4/kpse-lib-flags` (at the top level) must define the M4 macro `KPSE_LIB_FLAGS` (all uppercase) setting up the `make` variables `LIB_INCLUDES`, `LIB_LIBS`, `LIB_DEPEND`, and `LIB_RULE` with the values required for `CPPFLAGS`, `LDADD`, dependencies, and a (multi-line) `make` rule to rebuild the library when necessary. All of that is needed for the library from the TL tree and, if supported, for a system version.

If a system library is allowed, `KPSE_LIB_FLAGS` also provides the configure option `--with-system-lib` and uses the additional M4 macro `KPSE_LIB_SYSTEM_FLAGS` to generate the `make` variables for a system library. Furthermore the definition of the M4 macro `KPSE_ALL_SYSTEM_FLAGS` in `m4/kpse-pkgs.m4` must be extended by the line:
`AC_REQUIRE([KPSE_LIB_SYSTEM_FLAGS])`

#### 6.6.3 Adding a new TeX-specific library module

A TeX-specific library module in a subdirectory `texk/lib` may depend on other TeX-specific libraries but must not depend on any generic library from the TL tree. It is included in the same general ways as a generic library (see the previous section), with these modifications:

- The library name `lib` is added to the M4 list `kpse_texlibs_pkgs` also in `m4/kpse-pkgs.m4`.
- The fragment `ac/withenable.ac` must use `KPSE_WITH_TEXLIB`.

## 7 Configure options

Corresponding to the large number of program and library modules there are a large number `configure` options, most of which are described here. The command
`configure --help`
at the top level gives an exhaustive list of all global options and a few important module-specific ones, whereas, e.g.,
`texk/lcdf-typetools/configure --help`
also displays the `lcdf-typetools` specific options, which are not shown by the top-level `--help`.

The help text also mentions several influential environment variables, but for TeX Live it is better to specify them as assigments on the command line.

The `./Build` script used to make the binaries shipped with TeX Live invokes the top-level `configure` with a few additional options (see Building). The defaults discussed below are those for the actual `configure` script; invoking `configure` via `./Build` may yield different results.

Defaults for most options are set at the top level and propagated explicitly to all subdirectories. Options specified on the command line are checked for consistency but never modified.

### 7.1 Global configure options

Here are the global configure options.

#### 7.1.1 `--disable-native-texlive-build`

If enabled (the default), build for a TL binary distribution as shipped by the TeX user groups. This requires GNU `make` and implies `--enable-multiplatform` and `--enable-cxx-runtime-hack` (unless they are explicitly disabled), and enforces `--disable-shared`.

If building TL for a GNU/Linux or other distribution, this should be disabled and system versions of most libraries would be used (see Distro builds). This may fail without GNU `make`, but will be tried regardless.

A related option, `--enable-texlive-build`, is automatically passed to all subdirectories (and cannot be disabled). Subdirectories that can also be built independently from the TL tree (such as `utils/xindy` and `texk/dvipng`) can use this option, e.g., to choose TL-specific installation paths.

#### 7.1.2 `--prefix`, `--bindir`, …

These standard Autoconf options specify various installation directories as usual. For the complete list, see Installation directories.

Also as usual, all values are prefixed by the value of `DESTDIR`, if set, on the `make` command line (see Installation in a temporary location in GNU Automake).

#### 7.1.3 `--disable-largefile`

Omit large file support (LFS), needed on most 32-bit Unix systems for files with 2GB or more. Regardless of this, the size of `DVI` and `GF` files must always be <2GB, due to the file format specifications.

With LFS, there is no fixed limit on the size of PDF files created by `pdftex` or PostScript files created by `dvips`. The size of PDF images included by `pdftex` must, however, be <4GB when using `xpdf` and <2GB when using older versions of `poppler` (even on 64-bit systems with LFS), whereas `poppler` versions 0.23 and later impose no such limit.

#### 7.1.4 `--disable-missing`

Immediately terminate the build process if a requested program or feature must be disabled, e.g., due to missing libraries. This can help when figuring out a specific (sub)set of modules to enable.

#### 7.1.5 `--enable-compiler-warnings=`level

Enable various levels of compiler warnings for (Objective) C and C++: the level value can be one of: `no min yes max all`. The default is `yes` in `maintainer-mode` (see below) and `min` otherwise. This option defines `WARNING_[OBJ]C[XX]FLAGS` but these flags are not used in all library and program modules. Using them should help to resolve portability problems.

At present, these warning flags are only defined for the GNU compilers but flags for other compilers could be added when needed.

#### 7.1.6 `--enable-cxx-runtime-hack`

If enabled (as it is for the native TL build) and when using `g++`, try to statically link with `libstdc++`, somewhat improving portability of the resulting binary. See Macros for compilers.

#### 7.1.7 `--enable-maintainer-mode`

Enable `make` rules and dependencies not useful (and sometimes confusing) to the casual user. This requires current versions of the GNU build tools (see Build system tools), as it automatically rebuilds infrastructure files as needed. See `missing` and `AM_MAINTAINER_MODE` in GNU Automake.

#### 7.1.8 `--enable-multiplatform`

If enabled, install executables and libraries in per-platform subdirectories of `eprefix/bin` and `eprefix/lib` where eprefix is the value given or implied for `exec_prefix`. This can be overridden by explicitly `--bindir=dir` or `--libdir=dir`. In any case, the values for `bindir` and `libdir` are automatically propagated to all subdirectories.

#### 7.1.9 `--enable-shared`

Build shared versions of the TeX-specific libraries such as `libkpathsea`. This is not allowed for a native TL build (i.e., `--disable-native-texlive-build` must also be specified).

#### 7.1.10 `--enable-silent-rules`

Enable the use of less verbose build rules. When using GNU `make` (or another `make` implementation supporting nested variable expansions), you can specify `V=1` on the `make` command line to get more verbosity, or `V=0` to get less, regardless of this option.

#### 7.1.11 `--without-ln-s`

Required when using a system without a working `ln -s` to build binaries for a Unix-like system. However, `make install` will not create anything useful and might even fail.

#### 7.1.12 `--without-x`

Disable all programs using the X Window System.

### 7.2 Program-specific configure options

Here are (some of) the program-specific `configure` options.

#### 7.2.1 `--enable-prog`, `--disable-prog`

Do or do not build and install the program(s) of the module `prog`.

#### 7.2.2 `--disable-all-pkgs`

Do not build any program modules by default—only those explicitly enabled. This is useful when one wants to work on only a single program, which is specified with an additional `--enable` option, e.g., `--enable-dvipdfm-x`. It’s still simplest to check out and configure the whole source tree, but at least only the program you are interested in, and its dependencies, are built. The `configure` will generally take less than a minute with everything disabled. (It is a good idea to run `make check` after doing this, and after making any changes, to ensure that whatever tests have been written still pass.)

Without this option, all modules are built except those that are explicitly disabled or specify `disable` in their `ac/withenable.ac` fragment.

#### 7.2.3 Configure options for `texk/web2c`

`--with-banner-add=str`
Add `str` to the default version string (`TeX Live year` or `Web2C year`) appended to banner lines. This is ignored for a native TL build, but distro builds should specify, e.g., `/SomeDistro`.

`--with-editor=cmd`
Specify the command `cmd` to invoke from the `e` option of TeX-like engines, replacing the default `vi +%d '%s'` for Unix or `texworks --position=%d "%s"` for Windows.

`--with-fontconfig-includes=dir`, `--with-fontconfig-libdir=dir`
Building XeTeX on non-Mac systems requires the `fontconfig` library headers and code. If one or both of these options are given, the required flags are derived from them; otherwise, they are determined via `pkg-config` (if present).

`--with-mf-x-toolkit`
Use the X toolkit (`libXt`) for Metafont (the default is to use the lowest-level `Xlib` support; it seems this has the best chance of working across X installations nowadays).

`--disable-dump-share`
Make the `fmt`/`base` dump files architecture dependent (somewhat faster on LittleEndian architectures).

`--disable-ipc`
Disable TeX’s `--ipc` option.

`--disable-mf-nowin`
Do not build a separate non-graphically-capable Metafont (`mf-nowin`).

`--disable-omfonts`
Build the WEB versions of the Omega font utilities `ofm2opl`, `opl2ofm`, `ovf2ovp`, and `ovp2ovf` instead of the C version `omfonts`. The WEB and C versions should be roughly equivalent.

`--disable-tex`, `--enable-etex`, …
Do not or do build the various TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost engines (defaults are defined in the fragment `texk/web2c/ac/web2c.ac`).

`--disable-web-progs`
Do not build the core WEB programs `bibtex`, …, `weave`. Useful if, e.g., you only want to (re)build some engines.

`--enable-auto-core`
This option causes TeX and Metafont to produce a core dump when a particular hacky filename is encountered, for use in creating preloaded binaries. This is rarely done nowadays.

`--enable-libtool-hack`
If enabled (which is the default for all platforms), prevents `libtool` from linking explicitly with dependencies of `libfontconfig` such as `libexpat`.

`--enable-*win`
Include various types of other window support for Metafont (EPSF output, `mftalk`, old terminals, …).

`--enable-tex-synctex`, `--disable-etex-synctex`, …
Build the TeX engines with or without `SyncTeX` support; ignored for a native TeX Live build, defaults are again defined in `texk/web2c/ac/web2c.ac`.

#### 7.2.4 Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`

The former programs `bibtex8` and `bibtexu` have been merged into the module `bibtex-x` (extended BibTeX).

`--disable-bibtex8`
Do not build the `bibtex8` program.

–disable-bibtexu `--disable-bibtexu`
Do not build the `bibtexu` program (building `bibtexu` requires `ICU` libraries).

#### 7.2.5 Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`

The former modules `dvipdfmx` (extended DVI to PDF converter) and `xdvipdfmx` (the same, as used by XeTeX) have been merged into `dvipdfm-x` at the source level. Two separate binaries are still created by default. In addition, `dvipdfm` is created as a symlink to `dvipdfmx`, with backward-compatible (very slightly different) behavior.

`--disable-dvipdfmx`
Do not build the `dvipdfmx` program or create the `dvipdfm` symlink.

`--disable-xdvipdfmx`
Do not build the `xdvipdfmx` program (building `xdvipdfmx` requires the `freetype` library).

#### 7.2.6 Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`

`--with-system-libgs`
Build `dvisvgm` using installed Ghostscript (`gs`) headers and library (not allowed for a native TL build). The default is to load the `gs` library at runtime if possible, or otherwise disable support for PostScript specials.

`--without-libgs`
Build `dvisvgm` without PostScript support at all. Because the dynamic loading just mention defeats all attempts at static linking, the result can crash due to library incompatibilities, e.g., on CentOS 5.

`--with-libgs-includes=dir`, `--with-libgs-libdir=dir`
Specify non-standard locations of the Ghostscript headers and library.

#### 7.2.7 Configure options for `texk/texlive`

`--disable-linked-scripts`
Do not install the “linked scripts” (see Linked scripts), except for the TL scripts required to run `texlinks`.

#### 7.2.8 Configure options for `texk/xdvik`

`--with-gs=filename`
Hardwire the location of Ghostscript (`gs`).

`--with-xdvi-x-toolkit=kit`
Use toolkit `kit` for `xdvik`, one of: `motif xaw xaw3d neXtaw`. The default is `motif` if available, else `xaw`.

`--enable-xi2-scrolling`
Use XInput 2.1 “smooth scrolling” if available. (default: yes, except for a native TL build).

#### 7.2.9 Configure options for `utils/xindy`

`--enable-xindy-rules`
Build and install `xindy` rules (default: yes, except for a native TL build).

`--enable-xindy-docs`
Build and install `xindy` documentation (default: yes, except for a native TL build).

`--with-clisp-runtime=filename`
Specifies the Full path for the CLISP runtime file (`lisp.run` or `lisp.exe`) to be installed. When specified as `default` (the default for a native TL build) the path is determined by the CLISP executable; the value `system` (not allowed for a native TL build, but the default for a non-native one) indicates that `xindy` will use the installed version of `clisp` (which must be identical to the one used to build `xindy`).

`--with-recode`
Use `recode` instead of `iconv` to build the `xindy` rules and documentation, required for some systems where `iconv` is missing or broken.

### 7.3 Library-specific configure options

Here are (some of) the library-specific `configure` options, starting with this generic one:

`--with-system-lib`

Use an installed (system) version of the library `lib`; this option exists for most libraries, but is not allowed for a native TL build. Using a system version implies also using the system versions of all libraries (if any) that lib depends on.

For many libraries `--with-lib-includes=dir` and `--with-lib-libdir=dir` to specify non-standard search locations; others use `pkg-config` or similar to determine the required flags.

The top-level `configure` script performs a consistency check for all required system libraries and bails out if tests fail.

#### 7.3.1 Configure options for `kpathsea`

`--enable-cmd-default`, `--disable-cmd-default`
Determine the compile time default whether or not to run cmd, one of:

`mkocp`

  (Omega compiled translation process file)

`mkofm`

  (Omega font metrics file)

`mktexfmt`

  (format/base dump file)

`mktexmf`

  (Metafont source)

`mktexpk`

  (PK bitmap font)

`mktextex`

  (TeX source)

`mktextfm`

  (TFM file)

to generate the specified type of file dynamically. The default can be overridden by the user in any case.

#### 7.3.2 Configure options for system `poppler`

Building LuaTeX and XeTeX requires `poppler`, either from the TL tree or system headers and library. Building pdfTeX requires either `xpdf` from the TeX Live tree or system `poppler` headers and library.

`--with-system-poppler`
Use a system version (0.18 or newer) of `poppler` for LuaTeX and XeTeX, and use `pkg-config` to obtain the required flags.

`--with-system-xpdf`
Use a system version (0.12 or better) of `poppler` (and `pkg-config`) for pdfTeX instead of `xpdf` from the TL tree. See `--disable-largefile`.

### 7.4 Variables for configure

The values for these variables can be specified as `configure` arguments of the form `VAR=value`. They can also be defined in the environment, but that might not work for cross compilations.

`CC`
`CXX`
`CPPFLAGS`

  And plenty more. As usual with Autoconf, these variables specify the name (or full path) of compilers, preprocessor flags, and similar. See (GNU Autoconf)autoconf.

`CLISP`

  Name (or full path) of the `clisp` executable, used to build `xindy`.

`FT2_CONFIG`
`ICU_CONFIG`
`PKG_CONFIG`

  These specify the name (or path) for the `freetype-config`, `icu-config`, and `pkg-config` commands used to determine the flags required for system versions of `libfreetype`, the ICU libraries, or many other libraries.

`KPSEWHICH`

  Name (or path) of an installed `kpsewhich` binary, used by `make check` to determine the location of, e.g., `cmbx10.tfm`.

`MAKE`
`SED`

  And more. Name (or path) of the `make`, `sed`, and similar programs; used at the top level and propagated to all subdirectories.

`PERL`
`LATEX`
`PDFLATEX`

  Name (or full path) for the `perl`, `latex`, and `pdflatex` commands used, e.g., to build the `xindy` documentation.

## 8 Cross compilation

In a cross compilation a build system is used to create binaries to be executed on a host system with different hardware and/or operating system.

In simple cases, the build system can execute binaries for the host system. This typically occurs for bi-arch systems where, e.g., `i386-linux` binaries can run on `x86_64-linux` systems and `win32` binaries can run on `win64` systems. Although sometimes called “native cross”, technically this is not cross compilation at all. In most such cases it suffices to specify suitable compiler flags. It might be useful to add the configure option `--build=host` to get the correct canonical host name, but note that this should not be `--host=host` (see Hosts and Cross-Compilation in GNU Autoconf).

In order to build, e.g., 32-bit binaries with `clang` on a 64-bit OSX system one could use
`./Build --build=i386-apple-darwin CC='clang -arch i386'` \
`CXX='clang++ -arch i386' OBJCXX='clang++ -arch i386'`

### 8.1 Cross configuring

In a standard cross compilation, binaries for the host system cannot execute on the build system and it is necessary to specify the configure options `--host=host` and `--build=build` with two different values.

Building binaries requires suitable “cross” tools, e.g., compiler, linker, and archiver, and perhaps a “cross” version of `pkg-config` and similar to locate host system libraries. Autoconf expects that these cross tools are given by their usual variables or found under their usual name prefixed with `host-`. Here a list of such tools and corresponding variables:

    ar                AR
    freetype-config   FT2_CONFIG
    g++               CXX
    gcc               CC
    icu-config        ICU_CONFIG
    objdump           OBJDUMP
    pkg-config        PKG_CONFIG
    ranlib            RANLIB
    strip             STRIP

In order to, e.g., build `mingw32` binaries on `x86_64-linux` with a cross compiler found as `i386-pc-mingw32-gcc` one would specify

    --host=i386-pc-mingw32 --build=x86_64-linux-gnu

or perhaps

    --host=mingw32 --build=x86_64-linux CC=i386-pc-mingw32-gcc

but this latter, especially, might require adding `CXX` and others.

Configure arguments such as `CFLAGS=…` refer to the cross compiler. If necessary, you can specify compilers and flags for the few auxiliary C and C++ programs required for the build process as configure arguments

    BUILDCC=…
    BUILDCPPFLAGS=…
    BUILDCFLAGS=…
    BUILDCXX=…
    BUILDCXXFLAGS=…
    BUILDLDFLAGS=…

### 8.2 Cross problems

The fact that binaries for the host system cannot be executed on the build system causes some problems.

One problem is that configure tests using `AC_RUN_IFELSE` can compile and link the test program but cannot execute it. Such tests should be avoided if possible and otherwise must supply a pessimistic test result.

Another problem arises if the build process must execute some (auxiliary or installable) programs. Auxiliary programs can be placed into a subdirectory that is configured natively as is done for `texk/web2c/web2c`, `texk/dvipsk/squeeze`, and `texk/xdvik/squeeze`. The module `libs/freetype2` uses the value of `CC_BUILD`, `build-gcc`, `gcc`, or `cc` as compiler for the auxiliary program.

Building LuaTeX (or LuaJITTeX) uses the auxiliary program `txt2zlib` to create `pdflua.c` and, if necessary, update the distributed version of that file. In a cross compilation we simply use that distributed file.

The situation for installable programs needed by the build process is somewhat different. A quite expensive possibility, chosen for the ICU libraries in module `libs/icu`, is to first compile natively for the build system and in a second step to use these (uninstalled) programs during the cross compilation.

This approach would also be possible for the tools such as `tangle` used in the module `texk/web2c` to build the WEB programs, but that would require first building a native `kpathsea` library. To avoid this complication, cross compilation of the WEB or CWEB programs requires sufficiently recent installed versions of `tangle`, `ctangle`, `otangle`, and `tie`.

Building `xindy` requires running the host system `clisp` binary, thus cross compilation is not possible.

## 9 Coding conventions

Ideally, building all of TeX Live with `--enable-compiler-warnings=max` should produce no (GCC) compiler warnings at all. In spite of considerable efforts into that direction we are still far from that goal and there are reasons that we may never fully reach it. Below are some rules about declarations of functions or variables and the use of `const`. These rules should be applied to all parts of the TeX Live tree, except some of those maintained independently.

### 9.1 Declarations and definitions

#### C standards

The TeX Live build system no longer supports pre-ANSI C compilers. Thus all function prototypes and definitions must conform to the ANSI C standard (including `void` in the declaration of C functions with no parameters). On the other hand, TL is built for a wide variety of systems, not all of which support the C99 standard. Therefore using C99 features should be avoided if that can easily be done. In particular C code must not contain declarations after statements or C++-style comments.

If some C99 (or later) constructs must be used, the module should verify that they are available and otherwise provide an alternative. For example, the module `texk/chktex` uses the C99 function `stpcpy()` that may or may not be available on a particular system. It uses `AC_CHECK_DECLS([stpcpy])` in `configure.ac` to test this, and provides the perhaps slightly less efficient alternative

    #if !(defined HAVE_DECL_STPCPY && HAVE_DECL_STPCPY)
    #static inline char *stpcpy(char *dest, const char *src)
    {
      return strcpy(dest, src) + strlen(src);
    }
    #endif

in the file `Utility.h`.

#### Static functions

Functions used in only one file should be declared `static`; they require no prototype except as forward declaration.

#### Extern functions

Functions not declared `static`, usually because they are used in several files, require an (`extern`) prototype in exactly one header file, which is included in the file defining the function and in all files using that function—this is the only way to guarantee consistency between definition and use. There should be no `extern` declarations sprinkled throughout the C code (with or without comments as to where that function is defined).

#### Variable declarations

The declaration of global variables follows analogous rules: they are either declared `static` if used in only one file or declared `extern` in exactly one header and instantiated in exactly one file.

### 9.2 Const

The `const` feature of C is valuable, but easy to mis-use.

#### Function parameters

Ideally, a function parameter not modified by the function should be declared as `const`. This is important in particular for strings (`char*`) because the actual arguments are often string literals. It is perfectly legitimate and safe to use a type `char*` value for a type `const char*` variable (in an assignment, as initializer, as function argument, or as return value). It is equally safe to use a type `char**` value for a type `const char*const*` variable, but not for a type `const char**` variable since that might cause modification of a quantity supposed to be constant.

Getting all `const` qualifiers right can get quite involved but can almost always be done. There are only a couple notable exceptions: the X11 headers are full of declarations that ought to use `const` but do not, and the same is true to some extent for `libfreetype` (but, thankfully, not for `zlib` nowadays).

#### What must be avoided with `const`

The GCC compiler warnings “assignment discards qualifiers…” and analogous warnings for “initialization”, “passing arg”, or “return” must be strenously avoided in our own code. The only exception is when they are caused by X11 headers or macros or other third party code.

#### What should be avoided with `const`

A type cast, e.g., from `const char*` to `char*` does not solve any problems; depending on warning options, it may only hide them. Therefore such casts should be avoided whenever possible and otherwise must be carefully analyzed to make sure that they cannot cause the modification of quantities supposed to be constant.

## Appendix A install-tl

### A.1 NAME

install-tl - TeX Live cross-platform installer

### A.2 SYNOPSIS

install-tl [option]...

install-tl.bat [option]...

### A.3 DESCRIPTION

This installer creates a runnable TeX Live installation from various media, including over the network. The installer works across all platforms supported by TeX Live. For information on initially downloading the TeX Live, see http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html.

The basic idea of TeX Live installation is to choose one of the top-level schemes, each of which is defined as a different set of collections and packages, where a collection is a set of packages, and a package is what contains actual files.

Within the installer, you can choose a scheme, and further customize the set of collections to install, but not the set of the packages. To do that, use `tlmgr` (reference below) after the initial installation is completely.

The default is `scheme-full`, to install everything, and this is highly recommended.

### A.4 REFERENCES

Post-installation configuration, package updates, and much more, are handled through tlmgr(1), the TeX Live Manager (http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html).

The most up-to-date version of this documentation is on the Internet at http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html.

For the full documentation of TeX Live, see http://tug.org/texlive/doc.

### A.5 OPTIONS

As usual, all options can be specified in any order, and with either a leading `-` or `--`. An argument value can be separated from its option by either a space or `=`.

-gui [[=]module]

  If no module is given starts the `perltk` (see below) GUI installer.

  If module is given loads the given installer module. Currently the following modules are supported:

  `text`

    The text mode user interface (default on Unix systems). Same as the `-no-gui` option.

  `wizard`

    The wizard mode user interface (default on Windows), asking only minimal questions before installing all of TeX Live.

  `perltk`

    The expert GUI installer, providing access to more options. Can also be invoked on Windows by running `install-tl-advanced.bat`.

  The `perltk` and `wizard` modules, and thus also when calling with a bare `-gui` (without module), requires the Perl/Tk module (http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk); if Perl/Tk is not available, installation continues in text mode.

-no-gui

  Use the text mode installer (default except on Windows).

-lang llcode

  By default, the GUI tries to deduce your language from the environment (on Windows via the registry, on Unix via `LC_MESSAGES`). If that fails you can select a different language by giving this option with a language code (based on ISO 639-1). Currently supported (but not necessarily completely translated) are: English (en, default), Czech (cs), German (de), French (fr), Italian (it), Japanese (ja), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Brazilian Portuguese (pt_BR), Russian (ru), Slovak (sk), Slovenian (sl), Serbian (sr), Ukrainian (uk), Vietnamese (vi), simplified Chinese (zh_CN), and traditional Chinese (zh_TW).

-repository url|path

  Specify the package repository to be used as the source of the installation, either a local directory via `/path/to/directory` or a `file:/` url, or a network location via a `http://` or `ftp://` url. (No other protocols are supported.)

  The default is to pick a mirror automatically, using http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet; the chosen mirror is used for the entire download. You can use the special argument `ctan` as an abbreviation for this. See http://ctan.org for more about CTAN and its mirrors.

  If the repository is on the network, trailing `/` characters and/or trailing `/tlpkg` and `/archive` components are ignored. For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like this:

        -repository http://ctan.example.org/its/ctan/dir/systems/texlive/tlnet

  Of course a real hostname and its particular top-level CTAN path have to be specified. The list of CTAN mirrors is available at http://ctan.org/mirrors.

  If the repository is local, the installation type (compressed or live) is automatically determined, by checking for the presence of a `archive` directory relative to the root. Compressed is preferred if both are available, since it is faster. Here’s an example of using a local directory:

        -repository /local/TL/repository

  After installation is complete, you can use that installation as the repository for another installation. If you chose to install less than the full scheme containing all packages, the list of available schemes will be adjusted accordingly.

  For backward compatibility and convenience, `--location` and `--repo` are accepted as aliases for this option.

-select-repository

  This option allows manual selection of a mirror from the current list of active CTAN mirrors. This option is supported in all installer modes (text, wizard, perltk), and will also offer to install from local media if available, or from a repository specified on the command line (see above). It’s useful when the (default) automatic redirection does not choose a good host for you.

-all-options

  Normally options not relevant to the current platform are not shown (i.e., when running on Unix, Windows-specific options are omitted). Giving this command line option allows configuring settings in the final `texlive.tlpdb` that do not have any immediate effect.

-custom-bin path

  If you have built your own set of TeX Live binaries (perhaps because your platform was not supported by TeX Live out of the box), this option allows you to specify the path to a directory where the binaries for the current system are present. The installation will continue as usual, but at the end all files from path are copied over to `bin/custom/` under your installation directory and this `bin/custom/` directory is what will be added to the path for the post-install actions. (By the way, for information on building TeX Live, see http://tug.org/texlive/build.html).

-debug-translation

  In GUI mode, this switch makes `tlmgr` report any missing, or more likely untranslated, messages to standard error. Helpful for translators to see what remains to be done.

-force-platform platform

  Instead of auto-detecting the current platform, use platform. Binaries for this platform must be present and they must actually be runnable, or installation will fail. `-force-arch` is a synonym.

-help, –help, -?

  Display this help and exit (on the web via http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html). Sometimes the `perldoc` and/or `PAGER` programs on the system have problems, possibly resulting in control characters being literally output. This can’t always be detected, but you can set the `NOPERLDOC` environment variable and `perldoc` will not be used.

-in-place

  This is a quick-and-dirty installation option in case you already have an rsync or svn checkout of TeX Live. It will use the checkout as-is and will just do the necessary post-install. Be warned that the file `tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb` may be rewritten, that removal has to be done manually, and that the only realistic way to maintain this installation is to redo it from time to time. This option is not available via the installer interfaces. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.

-logfile file

  Write both all messages (informational, debugging, warnings) to file, in addition to standard output or standard error.

  If this option is not given, the installer will create a log file in the root of the writable installation tree, for example, `/usr/local/texlive/YYYY/install-tl.log` for the YYYY release.

-no-cls

  (only for text mode installer) do not clear the screen when entering a new menu (for debugging purposes).

-non-admin

  For Windows only: configure for the current user, not for all users.

–persistent-downloads
–no-persistent-downloads

  For network installs, activating this option makes the installer try to set up a persistent connection using the `Net::LWP` Perl module. This opens only one connection between your computer and the server per session and reuses it, instead of initiating a new download for each package, which typically yields a significant speed-up.

  This option is turned on by default, and the installation program will fall back to using `wget` if this is not possible. To disable usage of LWP and persistent connections, use `--no-persistent-downloads`.

-portable

  Install for portable use, e.g., on a USB stick. Also selectable from within the perltk and text installers.

-print-platform

  Print the TeX Live identifier for the detected platform (hardware/operating system) combination to standard output, and exit. `-print-arch` is a synonym.

-profile profile

  Load the file profile and do the installation with no user interaction, that is, a batch (unattended) install.

  A profile file contains all the values needed to perform an installation. After a normal installation has finished, a profile for that exact installation is written to the file DEST/tlpkg/texlive.profile. That file can be given as the argument to `-profile` to redo the exact same installation on a different system, for example. Alternatively, you can use a custom profile, most easily created by starting from a generated one and changing values, or an empty file, which will take all the defaults.

  Normally a profile has to specify the value `1` for each collection to be installed, even if the scheme is specified. This follows from the logic of the installer in that you can first select a scheme and then change the collections being installed. But for convenience there is an exception to this within profiles: If the profile contains a variable for `selected_scheme` and no collection variables at all are defined in the profile, then the collections which the specified scheme requires are installed.

  Thus, a line `selected_scheme scheme-medium` together with the definitions of the installation directories (`TEXDIR`, `TEXMFHOME`, `TEXMFLOCAL`, `TEXMFSYSCONFIG`, `TEXMFSYSVAR`) suffices to install the medium scheme with all default options.

-q

  Omit normal informational messages.

-scheme scheme

  Schemes are the highest level of package grouping in TeX Live; the default is to use the `full` scheme, which includes everything. This option overrides that default. You can change the scheme again before the actual installation with the usual menu. The scheme argument may optionally have a prefix `scheme-`. The list of supported scheme names depends on what your package repository provides; see the interactive menu list.

-v

  Include verbose debugging messages; repeat for maximum debugging, as in `-v -v`. (Further repeats are accepted but ignored.)

-version, –version

  Output version information and exit. If `-v` has also been given the revisions of the used modules are reported, too.

### A.6 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

For ease in scripting and debugging, `install-tl` will look for the following environment variables. They are not of interest in normal user installations.

`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_ENV_NOCHECK`

  Omit the check for environment variables containing the string `tex`. People developing TeX-related software are likely to have many such variables.

`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_NO_CONTEXT_CACHE`

  Omit creating the ConTeXt cache. This is useful for redistributors.

`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX`
`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFCONFIG`
`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFHOME`
`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFLOCAL`
`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSCONFIG`
`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSVAR`
`TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFVAR`

  Specify the respective directories.

`NOPERLDOC`

  Don’t try to run the `--help` message through `perldoc`.

### A.7 AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT

This script and its documentation were written for the TeX Live distribution (http://tug.org/texlive) and both are licensed under the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later.

## Appendix B tlmgr

### B.1 NAME

tlmgr - the TeX Live Manager

### B.2 SYNOPSIS

tlmgr [option]... action [option]... [operand]...

### B.3 DESCRIPTION

tlmgr manages an existing TeX Live installation, both packages and configuration options. For information on initially downloading and installing TeX Live, see http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html.

The most up-to-date version of this documentation (updated nightly from the development sources) is available at http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html, along with procedures for updating `tlmgr` itself and information about test versions.

TeX Live is organized into a few top-level schemes, each of which is specified as a different set of collections and packages, where a collection is a set of packages, and a package is what contains actual files. Schemes typically contain a mix of collections and packages, but each package is included in exactly one collection, no more and no less. A TeX Live installation can be customized and managed at any level.

See http://tug.org/texlive/doc for all the TeX Live documentation available.

### B.4 EXAMPLES

After successfully installing TeX Live, here are a few common operations with `tlmgr`:

`tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet`

  Tell `tlmgr` to use a nearby CTAN mirror for future updates; useful if you installed TeX Live from the DVD image and want continuing updates.

`tlmgr update --list`

  Report what would be updated without actually updating anything.

`tlmgr update --all`

  Make your local TeX installation correspond to what is in the package repository (typically useful when updating from CTAN).

`tlmgr info` pkg

  Display detailed information about pkg, such as the installation status and description.

For all the capabilities and details of `tlmgr`, please read the following voluminous information.

### B.5 OPTIONS

The following options to `tlmgr` are global options, not specific to any action. All options, whether global or action-specific, can be given anywhere on the command line, and in any order. The first non-option argument will be the main action. In all cases, `--`option and `-`option are equivalent, and an `=` is optional between an option name and its value.

–repository url|path

  Specifies the package repository from which packages should be installed or updated, overriding the default package repository found in the installation’s TeX Live Package Database (a.k.a. the TLPDB, defined entirely in the file `tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb`). The documentation for `install-tl` has more details about this (http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html).

  `--repository` changes the repository location only for the current run; to make a permanent change, use `option repository` (see the option action).

  For backward compatibility and convenience, `--location` and `--repo` are accepted as aliases for this option.

–gui [action]

  `tlmgr` has a graphical interface as well as the command line interface. You can give this option, `--gui`, together with an action to be brought directly into the respective screen of the GUI. For example, running

        tlmgr --gui update

  starts you directly at the update screen. If no action is given, the GUI will be started at the main screen.

–gui-lang llcode

  By default, the GUI tries to deduce your language from the environment (on Windows via the registry, on Unix via `LC_MESSAGES`). If that fails you can select a different language by giving this option with a language code (based on ISO 639-1). Currently supported (but not necessarily completely translated) are: English (en, default), Czech (cs), German (de), French (fr), Italian (it), Japanese (ja), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Brazilian Portuguese (pt_BR), Russian (ru), Slovak (sk), Slovenian (sl), Serbian (sr), Ukrainian (uk), Vietnamese (vi), simplified Chinese (zh_CN), and traditional Chinese (zh_TW).

–debug-translation

  In GUI mode, this switch tells `tlmgr` to report any untranslated (or missing) messages to standard error. This can help translators to see what remains to be done.

–machine-readable

  Instead of the normal output intended for human consumption, write (to standard output) a fixed format more suitable for machine parsing. See the MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT section below.

–no-execute-actions

  Suppress the execution of the execute actions as defined in the tlpsrc files. Documented only for completeness, as this is only useful in debugging.

–package-logfile file

  `tlmgr` logs all package actions (install, remove, update, failed updates, failed restores) to a separate log file, by default `TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c/tlmgr.log`. This option allows you to specific a different file for the log.

–pause

  This option makes `tlmgr` wait for user input before exiting. Useful on Windows to avoid disappearing command windows.

–persistent-downloads
–no-persistent-downloads

  For network-based installations, this option (on by default) makes `tlmgr` try to set up a persistent connection (using the `LWP` Perl module). The idea is to open and reuse only one connection per session between your computer and the server, instead of initiating a new download for each package.

  If this is not possible, `tlmgr` will fall back to using `wget`. To disable these persistent connections, use `--no-persistent-downloads`.

–pin-file

  Change the pinning file location from `TEXMFLOCAL/tlpkg/pinning.txt` (see Pinning below). Documented only for completeness, as this is only useful in debugging.

–usermode

  Activates user mode for this run of `tlmgr`; see USER MODE below.

–usertree dir

  Uses dir for the tree in user mode; see USER MODE below.

The standard options for TeX Live programs are also accepted: `--help/-h/-?`, `--version`, `-q` (no informational messages), `-v` (debugging messages, can be repeated). For the details about these, see the `TeXLive::TLUtils` documentation.

The `--version` option shows version information about the TeX Live release and about the `tlmgr` script itself. If `-v` is also given, revision number for the loaded TeX Live Perl modules are shown, too.

### B.6 ACTIONS

#### B.6.1 help

Display this help information and exit (same as `--help`, and on the web at http://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html). Sometimes the `perldoc` and/or `PAGER` programs on the system have problems, resulting in control characters being literally output. This can’t always be detected, but you can set the `NOPERLDOC` environment variable and `perldoc` will not be used.

#### B.6.2 version

Gives version information (same as `--version`).

If `-v` has been given the revisions of the used modules are reported, too.

#### B.6.3 backup [–clean[=N]] [–backupdir dir] [–all | pkg]...

If the `--clean` option is not specified, this action makes a backup of the given packages, or all packages given `--all`. These backups are saved to the value of the `--backupdir` option, if that is an existing and writable directory. If `--backupdir` is not given, the `backupdir` option setting in the TLPDB is used, if present. If both are missing, no backups are made.

If the `--clean` option is specified, backups are pruned (removed) instead of saved. The optional integer value N may be specified to set the number of backups that will be retained when cleaning. If `N` is not given, the value of the `autobackup` option is used. If both are missing, an error is issued. For more details of backup pruning, see the `option` action.

Options:

–backupdir directory

  Overrides the `backupdir` option setting in the TLPDB. The directory argument is required and must specify an existing, writable directory where backups are to be placed.

–all

  If `--clean` is not specified, make a backup of all packages in the TeX Live installation; this will take quite a lot of space and time. If `--clean` is specified, all packages are pruned.

–clean[=N]

  Instead of making backups, prune the backup directory of old backups, as explained above. The optional integer argument N overrides the `autobackup` option set in the TLPDB. You must use `--all` or a list of packages together with this option, as desired.

–dry-run

  Nothing is actually backed up or removed; instead, the actions to be performed are written to the terminal.

#### B.6.4 candidates pkg

candidates pkg

  Shows the available candidate repositories for package pkg. See MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES below.

#### B.6.5 check [option]... [files|depends|executes|runfiles|all]

Executes one (or all) check(s) on the consistency of the installation.

files

  Checks that all files listed in the local TLPDB (`texlive.tlpdb`) are actually present, and lists those missing.

depends

  Lists those packages which occur as dependencies in an installed collections, but are themselves not installed, and those packages that are not contained in any collection.

  If you call `tlmgr check collections` this test will be carried out instead since former versions for `tlmgr` called it that way.

executes

  Check that the files referred to by `execute` directives in the TeX Live Database are present.

runfiles

  List those filenames that are occurring more than one time in the runfiles.

Options:

–use-svn

  Use the output of `svn status` instead of listing the files; for checking the TL development repository.

#### B.6.6 conf [texmf|tlmgr|updmap [–conffile file] [–delete] [key [value]]]

With only `conf`, show general configuration information for TeX Live, including active configuration files, path settings, and more. This is like the `texconfig conf` call, but works on all supported platforms.

With either `conf texmf`, `conf tlmgr`, or `conf updmap` given in addition, shows all key/value pairs (i.e., all settings) as saved in `ROOT/texmf.cnf`, the tlmgr configuration file (see below), or the first found (via kpsewhich) `updmap.cfg` file, respectively.

If key is given in addition, shows the value of only that key in the respective file. If option –delete is also given, the configuration file – it is removed, not just commented out!

If value is given in addition, key is set to value in the respective file. No error checking is done!

In all cases the file used can be explicitly specified via the option `--conffile file`, in case one wants to operate on a different file.

Practical application: if the execution of (some or all) system commands via `\write18` was left enabled during installation, you can disable it afterwards:

      tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0

A more complicated example: the `TEXMFHOME` tree (see the main TeX Live guide, http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html) can be set to multiple directories, but they must be enclosed in braces and separated by commas, so quoting the value to the shell is a good idea. Thus:

      tlmgr conf texmf TEXMFHOME "{~/texmf,~/texmfbis}"

Warning: The general facility is here, but tinkering with settings in this way is very strongly discouraged. Again, no error checking on either keys or values is done, so any sort of breakage is possible.

#### B.6.7 dump-tlpdb [–local|–remote]

Dump complete local or remote TLPDB to standard output, as-is. The output is analogous to the `--machine-readable` output; see MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT section.

Options:

–local

  Dump the local tlpdb.

–remote

  Dump the remote tlpdb.

Exactly one of `--local` and `--remote` must be given.

In either case, the first line of the output specifies the repository location, in this format:

      "location-url" "\t" location

where `location-url` is the literal field name, followed by a tab, and location is the file or url to the repository.

Line endings may be either LF or CRLF depending on the current platform.

#### B.6.8 generate [option]... what

generate language
generate language.dat
generate language.def
generate language.dat.lua
generate fmtutil

The `generate` action overwrites any manual changes made in the respective files: it recreates them from scratch based on the information of the installed packages, plus local adaptions. The TeX Live installer and `tlmgr` routinely call `generate` for all of these files.

For managing your own fonts, please read the `updmap --help` information and/or http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html.

In more detail: `generate` remakes any of the configuration files `language.dat`, `language.def`, `language.dat.lua`, and `fmtutil.cnf`, from the information present in the local TLPDB, plus locally-maintained files.

The locally-maintained files are `language-local.dat`, `language-local.def`, `language-local.dat.lua`, or `fmtutil-local.cnf`, searched for in `TEXMFLOCAL` in the respective directories. If local additions are present, the final file is made by starting with the main file, omitting any entries that the local file specifies to be disabled, and finally appending the local file.

(Historical note: The formerly supported `updmap-local.cfg` is no longer read, since `updmap` now supports multiple `updmap.cfg` files. Thus, local additions can and should be put into an `updmap.cfg` file in `TEXMFLOCAL`. The `generate updmap` action no longer exists.)

Local files specify entries to be disabled with a comment line, namely one of these:

      #!NAME
      %!NAME
      --!NAME

where `fmtutil.cnf` uses `#`, `language.dat` and `language.def` use `%`, and `language.dat.lua` use `--`. In all cases, the name is the respective format name or hyphenation pattern identifier. Examples:

      #!pdflatex
      %!german
      --!usenglishmax

(Of course, you’re not likely to actually want to disable those particular items. They’re just examples.)

After such a disabling line, the local file can include another entry for the same item, if a different definition is desired. In general, except for the special disabling lines, the local files follow the same syntax as the master files.

The form `generate language` recreates all three files `language.dat`, `language.def`, and `language.dat.lua`, while the forms with an extension recreates only that given language file.

Options:

–dest output_file

  specifies the output file (defaults to the respective location in `TEXMFSYSVAR`). If `--dest` is given to `generate language`, it serves as a basename onto which `.dat` will be appended for the name of the `language.dat` output file, `.def` will be appended to the value for the name of the `language.def` output file, and `.dat.lua` to the name of the `language.dat.lua` file. (This is just to avoid overwriting; if you want a specific name for each output file, we recommend invoking `tlmgr` twice.)

–localcfg local_conf_file

  specifies the (optional) local additions (defaults to the respective location in `TEXMFLOCAL`).

–rebuild-sys

  tells tlmgr to run necessary programs after config files have been regenerated. These are: `fmtutil-sys --all` after `generate fmtutil`, `fmtutil-sys --byhyphen .../language.dat` after `generate language.dat`, and `fmtutil-sys --byhyphen .../language.def` after `generate language.def`.

  These subsequent calls cause the newly-generated files to actually take effect. This is not done by default since those calls are lengthy processes and one might want to made several related changes in succession before invoking these programs.

The respective locations are as follows:

      tex/generic/config/language.dat (and language-local.dat);
      tex/generic/config/language.def (and language-local.def);
      tex/generic/config/language.dat.lua (and language-local.dat.lua);
      web2c/fmtutil.cnf (and fmtutil-local.cnf);

#### B.6.9 gui

Start the graphical user interface. See GUI below.

#### B.6.10 info [option...] [collections|schemes|pkg...]

With no argument, lists all packages available at the package repository, prefixing those already installed with `i`.

With the single word `collections` or `schemes` as the argument, lists the request type instead of all packages.

With any other arguments, display information about pkg: the name, category, short and long description, installation status, and TeX Live revision number. If pkg is not locally installed, searches in the remote installation source.

It also displays information taken from the TeX Catalogue, namely the package version, date, and license. Consider these, especially the package version, as approximations only, due to timing skew of the updates of the different pieces. By contrast, the `revision` value comes directly from TL and is reliable.

The former actions `show` and `list` are merged into this action, but are still supported for backward compatibility.

Options:

–list

  If the option `--list` is given with a package, the list of contained files is also shown, including those for platform-specific dependencies. When given with schemes and collections, `--list` outputs their dependencies in a similar way.

–only-installed

  If this options is given, the installation source will not be used; only locally installed packages, collections, or schemes are listed. (Does not work for listing of packages for now)

–taxonomy
–keyword
–functionality
–characterization

  In addition to the normal data displayed, also display information for given packages from the corresponding taxonomy (or all of them). See TAXONOMIES below for details.

#### B.6.11 init-usertree

Sets up a texmf tree for so-called user mode management, either the default user tree (`TEXMFHOME`), or one specified on the command line with `--usertree`. See USER MODE below.

#### B.6.12 install [option]... pkg...

Install each pkg given on the command line. By default this installs all packages on which the given pkgs are dependent, also. Options:

–file

  Instead of fetching a package from the installation repository, use the package files given on the command line. These files must be standard TeX Live package files (with contained tlpobj file).

–reinstall

  Reinstall a package (including dependencies for collections) even if it already seems to be installed (i.e, is present in the TLPDB). This is useful to recover from accidental removal of files in the hierarchy.

  When re-installing, only dependencies on normal packages are followed (i.e., not those of category Scheme or Collection).

–no-depends

  Do not install dependencies. (By default, installing a package ensures that all dependencies of this package are fulfilled.)

–no-depends-at-all

  Normally, when you install a package which ships binary files the respective binary package will also be installed. That is, for a package `foo`, the package `foo.i386-linux` will also be installed on an `i386-linux` system. This option suppresses this behavior, and also implies `--no-depends`. Don’t use it unless you are sure of what you are doing.

–dry-run

  Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are written to the terminal.

–force

  If updates to `tlmgr` itself (or other parts of the basic infrastructure) are present, `tlmgr` will bail out and not perform the installation unless this option is given. Not recommended.

#### B.6.13 option

option [show]
option showall
option key [value]

The first form shows the global TeX Live settings currently saved in the TLPDB with a short description and the `key` used for changing it in parentheses.

The second form is similar, but also shows options which can be defined but are not currently set to any value.

In the third form, if value is not given, the setting for key is displayed. If value is present, key is set to value.

Possible values for key are (run `tlmgr option showall` for the definitive list):

     repository (default package repository),
     formats    (create formats at installation time),
     postcode   (run postinst code blobs)
     docfiles   (install documentation files),
     srcfiles   (install source files),
     backupdir  (default directory for backups),
     autobackup (number of backups to keep).
     sys_bin    (directory to which executables are linked by the path action)
     sys_man    (directory to which man pages are linked by the path action)
     sys_info   (directory to which Info files are linked by the path action)
     desktop_integration (Windows-only: create Start menu shortcuts)
     fileassocs (Windows-only: change file associations)
     multiuser  (Windows-only: install for all users)

One common use of `option` is to permanently change the installation to get further updates from the Internet, after originally installing from DVD. To do this, you can run

     tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet

The `install-tl` documentation has more information about the possible values for `repository`. (For backward compatibility, `location` can be used as alternative name for `repository`.)

If `formats` is set (this is the default), then formats are regenerated when either the engine or the format files have changed. Disable this only when you know what you are doing.

The `postcode` option controls execution of per-package postinstallation action code. It is set by default, and again disabling is not likely to be of interest except perhaps to developers.

The `docfiles` and `srcfiles` options control the installation of their respective files of a package. By default both are enabled (1). This can be disabled (set to 0) if disk space is (very) limited.

The options `autobackup` and `backupdir` determine the defaults for the actions `update`, `backup` and `restore`. These three actions need a directory in which to read or write the backups. If `--backupdir` is not specified on the command line, the `backupdir` option value is used (if set).

The `autobackup` option (de)activates automatic generation of backups. Its value is an integer. If the `autobackup` value is `-1`, no backups are removed. If `autobackup` is 0 or more, it specifies the number of backups to keep. Thus, backups are disabled if the value is 0. In the `--clean` mode of the `backup` action this option also specifies the number to be kept.

To setup `autobackup` to `-1` on the command line, use:

      tlmgr option -- autobackup -1

The `--` avoids having the `-1` treated as an option. (`--` stops parsing for options at the point where it appears; this is a general feature across most Unix programs.)

The `sys_bin`, `sys_man`, and `sys_info` options are used on Unix-like systems to control the generation of links for executables, info files and man pages. See the `path` action for details.

The last three options control behaviour on Windows installations. If `desktop_integration` is set, then some packages will install items in a sub-folder of the Start menu for `tlmgr gui`, documentation, etc. If `fileassocs` is set, Windows file associations are made (see also the `postaction` action). Finally, if `multiuser` is set, then adaptions to the registry and the menus are done for all users on the system instead of only the current user. All three options are on by default.

#### B.6.14 paper

paper [a4|letter]
[xdvi|pdftex|dvips|dvipdfmx|context|psutils] paper [papersize|–list]

With no arguments (`tlmgr paper`), shows the default paper size setting for all known programs.

With one argument (e.g., `tlmgr paper a4`), sets the default for all known programs to that paper size.

With a program given as the first argument and no paper size specified (e.g., `tlmgr dvips paper`), shows the default paper size for that program.

With a program given as the first argument and a paper size as the last argument (e.g., `tlmgr dvips paper a4`), set the default for that program to that paper size.

With a program given as the first argument and `--list` given as the last argument (e.g., `tlmgr dvips paper --list`), shows all valid paper sizes for that program. The first size shown is the default.

Incidentally, this syntax of having a specific program name before the `paper` keyword is unusual. It is inherited from the longstanding `texconfig` script, which supports other configuration settings for some programs, notably `dvips`. `tlmgr` does not support those extra settings.

#### B.6.15 path [–w32mode=user|admin] [add|remove]

On Unix, merely adds or removes symlinks for binaries, man pages, and info pages in the system directories specified by the respective options (see the option description above). Does not change any initialization files, either system or personal.

On Windows, the registry part where the binary directory is added or removed is determined in the following way:

If the user has admin rights, and the option `--w32mode` is not given, the setting w32_multi_user determines the location (i.e., if it is on then the system path, otherwise the user path is changed).

If the user has admin rights, and the option `--w32mode` is given, this option determines the path to be adjusted.

If the user does not have admin rights, and the option `--w32mode` is not given, and the setting w32_multi_user is off, the user path is changed, while if the setting w32_multi_user is on, a warning is issued that the caller does not have enough privileges.

If the user does not have admin rights, and the option `--w32mode` is given, it must be user and the user path will be adjusted. If a user without admin rights uses the option `--w32mode admin` a warning is issued that the caller does not have enough privileges.

#### B.6.16 pinning

The `pinning` action manages the pinning file, see Pinning below.

`pinning show`

  Shows the current pinning data.

`pinning add` repo pkgglob...

  Pins the packages matching the pkgglob(s) to the repository repo.

`pinning remove` repo pkgglob...

  Any packages recorded in the pinning file matching the <pkgglob>s for the given repository repo are removed.

`pinning remove repo --all`

  Remove all pinning data for repository repo.

#### B.6.17 platform list|add|remove platform...

#### B.6.18 platform set platform

#### B.6.19 platform set auto

`platform list` lists the TeX Live names of all the platforms (a.k.a. architectures), (`i386-linux`, ...) available at the package repository.

`platform add` platform... adds the executables for each given platform platform to the installation from the repository.

`platform remove` platform... removes the executables for each given platform platform from the installation, but keeps the currently running platform in any case.

`platform set` platform switches TeX Live to always use the given platform instead of auto detection.

`platform set auto` switches TeX Live to auto detection mode for platform.

Platform detection is needed to select the proper `xz`, `xzdec` and `wget` binaries that are shipped with TeX Live.

`arch` is a synonym for `platform`.

Options:

–dry-run

  Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are written to the terminal.

#### B.6.20 postaction [–w32mode=user|admin] [–fileassocmode=1|2] [–all] [install|remove] [shortcut|fileassoc|script] [pkg]...

Carry out the postaction `shortcut`, `fileassoc`, or `script` given as the second required argument in install or remove mode (which is the first required argument), for either the packages given on the command line, or for all if `--all` is given.

If the option `--w32mode` is given the value `user`, all actions will only be carried out in the user-accessible parts of the registry/filesystem, while the value `admin` selects the system-wide parts of the registry for the file associations. If you do not have enough permissions, using `--w32mode=admin` will not succeed.

`--fileassocmode` specifies the action for file associations. If it is set to 1 (the default), only new associations are added; if it is set to 2, all associations are set to the TeX Live programs. (See also `option fileassocs`.)

#### B.6.21 print-platform

Print the TeX Live identifier for the detected platform (hardware/operating system) combination to standard output, and exit. `--print-arch` is a synonym.

#### B.6.22 restore [–backupdir dir] [–all | pkg [rev]]

Restore a package from a previously-made backup.

If `--all` is given, try to restore the latest revision of all package backups found in the backup directory.

Otherwise, if neither pkg nor rev are given, list the available backup revisions for all packages.

With pkg given but no rev, list all available backup revisions of pkg.

When listing available packages tlmgr shows the revision and in parenthesis the creation time if available (in format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm).

With both pkg and rev, tries to restore the package from the specified backup.

Options:

–all

  Try to restore the latest revision of all package backups found in the backup directory. Additional non-option arguments (like pkg) are not allowed.

–backupdir directory

  Specify the directory where the backups are to be found. If not given it will be taken from the configuration setting in the TLPDB.

–dry-run

  Nothing is actually restored; instead, the actions to be performed are written to the terminal.

–force

  Don’t ask questions.

#### B.6.23 remove [option]... pkg...

Remove each pkg specified. Removing a collection removes all package dependencies (unless `--no-depends` is specified), but not any collection dependencies of that collection. However, when removing a package, dependencies are never removed. Options:

–no-depends

  Do not remove dependent packages.

–no-depends-at-all

  See above under install (and beware).

–force

  By default, removal of a package or collection that is a dependency of another collection or scheme is not allowed. With this option, the package will be removed unconditionally. Use with care.

  A package that has been removed using the `--force` option because it is still listed in an installed collection or scheme will not be updated, and will be mentioned as forcibly removed in the output of tlmgr update –list.

–dry-run

  Nothing is actually removed; instead, the actions to be performed are written to the terminal.

#### B.6.24 repository

repository list
repository list path|tag
repository add path [tag]
repository remove path|tag
repository set path[#tag] [path[#tag] ...]

  This action manages the list of repositories. See MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES below for detailed explanations.

  The first form (`list`) lists all configured repositories and the respective tags if set. If a path, url, or tag is given after the `list` keyword, it is interpreted as source from where to initialize a TeX Live Database and lists the contained packages. This can also be an up-to-now not used repository, both locally and remote. If one pass in addition `--with-platforms`, for each package the available platforms (if any) are listed, too.

  The third form (`add`) adds a repository (optionally attaching a tag) to the list of repositories. The forth form (`remove`) removes a repository, either by full path/url, or by tag. The last form (`set`) sets the list of repositories to the items given on the command line, not keeping previous settings

  In all cases, one of the repositories must be tagged as `main`; otherwise, all operations will fail!

#### B.6.25 search [option...] what

#### B.6.25.1 search [option...] –file what

#### B.6.25.2 search [option...] –taxonomy what

#### B.6.25.3 search [option...] –keyword what

#### B.6.25.4 search [option...] –functionality what

#### B.6.25.5 search [option...] –characterization what

#### B.6.25.6 search [option...] –all what

By default, search the names, short descriptions, and long descriptions of all locally installed packages for the argument what, interpreted as a regular expression.

Options:

–global

  Search the TeX Live Database of the installation medium, instead of the local installation.

–word

  Restrict the search to match only full words. For example, searching for `table` with this option will not output packages containing the word `tables` (unless they also contain the word `table` on its own).

–list

  If a search for any (or all) taxonomies is done, by specifying one of the taxonomy options below, then instead of searching for packages, list the entire corresponding taxonomy (or all of them). See TAXONOMIES below.

Other search options are selected by specifying one of the following:

–file

  List all filenames containing what.

–taxonomy
–keyword
–functionality
–characterization

  Search in the corresponding taxonomy (or all) instead of the package descriptions. See TAXONOMIES below.

–all

  Search for package names, descriptions, and taxonomies, but not files.

#### B.6.26 uninstall

Uninstalls the entire TeX Live installation. Options:

–force

  Do not ask for confirmation, remove immediately.

#### B.6.27 update [option]... [pkg]...

Updates the packages given as arguments to the latest version available at the installation source. Either `--all` or at least one pkg name must be specified. Options:

–all

  Update all installed packages except for `tlmgr` itself. Thus, if updates to `tlmgr` itself are present, this will simply give an error, unless also the option `--force` or `--self` is given. (See below.)

  In addition to updating the installed packages, during the update of a collection the local installation is (by default) synchronized to the status of the collection on the server, for both additions and removals.

  This means that if a package has been removed on the server (and thus has also been removed from the respective collection), `tlmgr` will remove the package in the local installation. This is called “auto-remove” and is announced as such when using the option `--list`. This auto-removal can be suppressed using the option `--no-auto-remove` (not recommended, see option description).

  Analogously, if a package has been added to a collection on the server that is also installed locally, it will be added to the local installation. This is called “auto-install” and is announced as such when using the option `--list`. This auto-installation can be suppressed using the option `--no-auto-install`.

  An exception to the collection dependency checks (including the auto-installation of packages just mentioned) are those that have been “forcibly removed” by you, that is, you called `tlmgr remove --force` on them. (See the `remove` action documentation.) To reinstall any such forcibly removed packages use `--reinstall-forcibly-removed`.

  If you want to exclude some packages from the current update run (e.g., due to a slow link), see the `--exclude` option below.

–self

  Update `tlmgr` itself (that is, the infrastructure packages) if updates to it are present. On Windows this includes updates to the private Perl interpreter shipped inside TeX Live.

  If this option is given together with either `--all` or a list of packages, then `tlmgr` will be updated first and, if this update succeeds, the new version will be restarted to complete the rest of the updates.

  In short:

        tlmgr update --self        # update infrastructure only
        tlmgr update --self --all  # update infrastructure and all packages
        tlmgr update --force --all # update all packages but *not* infrastructure
                                   # ... this last at your own risk, not recommended!

–dry-run

  Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are written to the terminal. This is a more detailed report than `--list`.

–list [pkg]

  Concisely list the packages which would be updated, newly installed, or removed, without actually changing anything. If `--all` is also given, all available updates are listed. If `--self` is given, but not `--all`, only updates to the critical packages (tlmgr, texlive infrastructure, perl on Windows, etc.) are listed. If neither `--all` nor `--self` is given, and in addition no pkg is given, then `--all` is assumed (thus, `tlmgr update --list` is the same as `tlmgr update --list --all`). If neither `--all` nor `--self` is given, but specific package names are given, those packages are checked for updates.

–exclude pkg

  Exclude pkg from the update process. If this option is given more than once, its arguments accumulate.

  An argument pkg excludes both the package pkg itself and all its related platform-specific packages pkg.ARCH. For example,

        tlmgr update --all --exclude a2ping

  will not update `a2ping`, `a2ping.i386-linux`, or any other `a2ping.`ARCH package.

  If this option specifies a package that would otherwise be a candidate for auto-installation, auto-removal, or reinstallation of a forcibly removed package, `tlmgr` quits with an error message. Excludes are not supported in these circumstances.

–no-auto-remove [pkg]...

  By default, `tlmgr` tries to remove packages which have disappeared on the server, as described above under `--all`. This option prevents such removals, either for all packages (with `--all`), or for just the given pkg names. This can lead to an inconsistent TeX installation, since packages are not infrequently renamed or replaced by their authors. Therefore this is not recommend.

–no-auto-install [pkg]...

  Under normal circumstances `tlmgr` will install packages which are new on the server, as described above under `--all`. This option prevents any such automatic installation, either for all packages (with `--all`), or the given pkg names.

  Furthermore, after the `tlmgr` run using this has finished, the packages that would have been auto-installed will be considered as forcibly removed. So, if `foobar` is the only new package on the server, then

        tlmgr update --all --no-auto-install

  is equivalent to

        tlmgr update --all
        tlmgr remove --force foobar

–reinstall-forcibly-removed

  Under normal circumstances `tlmgr` will not install packages that have been forcibly removed by the user; that is, removed with `remove --force`, or whose installation was prohibited by `--no-auto-install` during an earlier update.

  This option makes `tlmgr` ignore the forcible removals and re-install all such packages. This can be used to completely synchronize an installation with the server’s idea of what is available:

        tlmgr update --reinstall-forcibly-removed --all

–backup and –backupdir directory

  These two options control the creation of backups of packages before updating; that is, backup of packages as currently installed. If neither of these options are given, no backup package will be saved. If `--backupdir` is given and specifies a writable directory then a backup will be made in that location. If only `--backup` is given, then a backup will be made to the directory previously set via the `option` action (see below). If both are given then a backup will be made to the specified directory.

  You can set options via the `option` action to automatically create backups for all packages, and/or keep only a certain number of backups. Please see the `option` action for details.

  `tlmgr` always makes a temporary backup when updating packages, in case of download or other failure during an update. In contrast, the purpose of this `--backup` option is to allow you to save a persistent backup in case the actual content of the update causes problems, e.g., introduces an incompatibility.

  The `restore` action explains how to restore from a backup.

–no-depends

  If you call for updating a package normally all depending packages will also be checked for updates and updated if necessary. This switch suppresses this behavior.

–no-depends-at-all

  See above under install (and beware).

–force

  Force update of normal packages, without updating `tlmgr` itself (unless the `--self` option is also given). Not recommended.

  Also, `update --list` is still performed regardless of this option.

If the package on the server is older than the package already installed (e.g., if the selected mirror is out of date), `tlmgr` does not downgrade. Also, packages for uninstalled platforms are not installed.

### B.7 USER MODE

`tlmgr` provides a restricted way, called “user mode”, to manage arbitrary texmf trees in the same way as the main installation. For example, this allows people without write permissions on the installation location to update/install packages into a tree of their own.

`tlmgr` is switched into user mode with the command line option `--usermode`. It does not switch automatically, nor is there any configuration file setting for it. Thus, this option has to be explicitly given every time user mode is to be activated.

This mode of `tlmgr` works on a user tree, by default the value of the `TEXMFHOME` variable. This can be overridden with the command line option `--usertree`. In the following when we speak of the user tree we mean either `TEXMFHOME` or the one given on the command line.

Not all actions are allowed in user mode; `tlmgr` will warn you and not carry out any problematic actions. Currently not supported (and probably will never be) is the `platform` action. The `gui` action is currently not supported, but may be in a future release.

Some `tlmgr` actions don’t need any write permissions and thus work the same in user mode and normal mode. Currently these are: `check`, `help`, `list`, `print-platform`, `search`, `show`, `version`.

On the other hand, most of the actions dealing with package management do need write permissions, and thus behave differently in user mode, as described below: `install`, `update`, `remove`, `option`, `paper`, `generate`, `backup`, `restore`, `uninstall`, `symlinks`.

Before using `tlmgr` in user mode, you have to set up the user tree with the `init-usertree` action. This creates usertree`/web2c` and usertree`/tlpkg/tlpobj`, and a minimal usertree`/tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb`. At that point, you can tell `tlmgr` to do the (supported) actions by adding the `--usermode` command line option.

In user mode the file usertree`/tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb` contains only the packages that have been installed into the user tree using `tlmgr`, plus additional options from the “virtual” package `00texlive.installation` (similar to the main installation’s `texlive.tlpdb`).

All actions on packages in user mode can only be carried out on packages that are known as `relocatable`. This excludes all packages containing executables and a few other core packages. Of the 2500 or so packages currently in TeX Live the vast majority are relocatable and can be installed into a user tree.

Description of changes of actions in user mode:

#### B.7.1 user mode install

In user mode, the `install` action checks that the package and all dependencies are all either relocated or already installed in the system installation. If this is the case, it unpacks all containers to be installed into the user tree (to repeat, that’s either `TEXMFHOME` or the value of `--usertree`) and add the respective packages to the user tree’s `texlive.tlpdb` (creating it if need be).

Currently installing a collection in user mode installs all dependent packages, but in contrast to normal mode, does not install dependent collections. For example, in normal mode `tlmgr install collection-context` would install `collection-basic` and other collections, while in user mode, only the packages mentioned in `collection-context` are installed.

#### B.7.2 user mode backup; restore; remove; update

In user mode, these actions check that all packages to be acted on are installed in the user tree before proceeding; otherwise, they behave just as in normal mode.

#### B.7.3 user mode generate; option; paper

In user mode, these actions operate only on the user tree’s configuration files and/or `texlive.tlpdb`. creates configuration files in user tree

### B.8 CONFIGURATION FILE FOR TLMGR

A small subset of the command line options can be set in a config file for `tlmgr` which resides in `TEXMFCONFIG/tlmgr/config`. By default, the config file is in `~/.texliveYYYY/texmf-config/tlmgr/config` (replacing `YYYY` with the year of your TeX Live installation). This is not `TEXMFSYSVAR`, so that the file is specific to a single user.

In this file, empty lines and lines starting with # are ignored. All other lines must look like

      key = value

where the allowed keys are `gui-expertmode` (value 0 or 1), `persistent-downloads` (value 0 or 1), `auto-remove` (value 0 or 1), and `gui-lang` (value like in the command line option).

`persistent-downloads`, `gui-lang`, and `auto-remove` correspond to the respective command line options of the same name. `gui-expertmode` switches between the full GUI and a simplified GUI with only the important and mostly used settings.

### B.9 TAXONOMIES

tlmgr allows searching and listing of various categorizations, which we call taxonomies, as provided by an enhanced TeX Catalogue (available for testing at http://az.ctan.org). This is useful when, for example, you don’t know a specific package name but have an idea of the functionality you need; or when you want to see all packages relating to a given area.

There are three different taxonomies, specified by the following options:

`--keyword`

  The keywords, as specified at http://az.ctan.org/keyword.

`--functionality`

  The “by-topic” categorization created by J\"urgen Fenn, as specified at http://az.ctan.org/characterization/by-function.

`--characterization`

  Both the primary and secondary functionalities, as specified at http://az.ctan.org/characterization/choose_dimen.

`--taxonomy`

  Operate on all the taxonomies.

The taxonomies are updated nightly and stored within TeX Live, so Internet access is not required to search them.

Examples:

      tlmgr search --taxonomy exercise      # check all taxonomies for "exercise"
      tlmgr search --taxonomy --word table  # check for "table" on its own
      tlmgr search --list --keyword         # dump entire keyword taxonomy
      tlmgr show --taxonomy pdftex          # show pdftex package information,
                                            #   including all taxonomy entries

### B.10 MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES

The main TeX Live repository contains a vast array of packages. Nevertheless, additional local repositories can be useful to provide locally-installed resources, such as proprietary fonts and house styles. Also, alternative package repositories distribute packages that cannot or should not be included in TeX Live, for whatever reason.

The simplest and most reliable method is to temporarily set the installation source to any repository (with the `-repository` or `option repository` command line options), and perform your operations.

When you are using multiple repositories over a sustained time, however, explicitly switching between them becomes inconvenient. Thus, it’s possible to tell `tlmgr` about additional repositories you want to use. The basic command is `tlmgr repository add`. The rest of this section explains further.

When using multiple repositories, one of them has to be set as the main repository, which distributes most of the installed packages. When you switch from a single repository installation to a multiple repository installation, the previous sole repository will be set as the main repository.

By default, even if multiple repositories are configured, packages are still only installed from the main repository. Thus, simply adding a second repository does not actually enable installation of anything from there. You also have to specify which packages should be taken from the new repository, by specifying so-called “pinning” rules, described next.

#### B.10.1 Pinning

When a package `foo` is pinned to a repository, a package `foo` in any other repository, even if it has a higher revision number, will not be considered an installable candidate.

As mentioned above, by default everything is pinned to the main repository. Let’s now go through an example of setting up a second repository and enabling updates of a package from it.

First, check that we have support for multiple repositories, and have only one enabled (as is the case by default):

     $ tlmgr repository list
     List of repositories (with tags if set):
       /var/www/norbert/tlnet

Ok. Let’s add the `tlcontrib` repository (this is a real repository, hosted at http://tlcontrib.metatex.org, maintained by Taco Hoekwater et al.), with the tag `tlcontrib`:

     $ tlmgr repository add http://tlcontrib.metatex.org/2012 tlcontrib

Check the repository list again:

     $ tlmgr repository list
     List of repositories (with tags if set):
        http://tlcontrib.metatex.org/2012 (tlcontrib)
        /var/www/norbert/tlnet (main)

Now we specify a pinning entry to get the package `context` from `tlcontrib`:

     $ tlmgr pinning add tlcontrib context

Check that we can find `context`:

     $ tlmgr show context
     tlmgr: package repositories:
     ...
     package:     context
     repository:  tlcontrib/26867
     ...

- install `context`:

     $ tlmgr install context
     tlmgr: package repositories:
     ...
     [1/1,  ??:??/??:??] install: context @tlcontrib [

In the output here you can see that the `context` package has been installed from the `tlcontrib` repository (`@tlcontrib`).

Finally, `tlmgr pinning` also supports removing certain or all packages from a given repository:

      $ tlmgr pinning remove tlcontrib context  # remove just context
      $ tlmgr pinning remove tlcontrib --all    # take nothing from tlcontrib

A summary of the `tlmgr pinning` actions is given above.

### B.11 GUI FOR TLMGR

The graphical user interface for `tlmgr` needs Perl/Tk to be installed. For Windows the necessary modules are shipped within TeX Live, for all other (i.e., Unix-based) systems Perl/Tk (as well as Perl of course) has to be installed. http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk has a list of invocations for some distros.

When started with `tlmgr gui` the graphical user interface will be shown. The main window contains a menu bar, the main display, and a status area where messages normally shown on the console are displayed.

Within the main display there are three main parts: the `Display configuration` area, the list of packages, and the action buttons.

Also, at the top right the currently loaded repository is shown; this also acts as a button and when clicked will try to load the default repository. To load a different repository, see the `tlmgr` menu item.

Finally, the status area at the bottom of the window gives additional information about what is going on.

#### B.11.1 Main display

#### B.11.1.1 Display configuration area

The first part of the main display allows you to specify (filter) which packages are shown. By default, all are shown. Changes here are reflected right away.

Status

  Select whether to show all packages (the default), only those installed, only those not installed, or only those with update available.

Category

  Select which categories are shown: packages, collections, and/or schemes. These are briefly explained in the DESCRIPTION section above.

Match

  Select packages matching for a specific pattern. By default, this uses the same algorithm as `tlmgr search`, i.e., searches everything: descriptions, taxonomies, and/or filenames. You can also select any subset for searching.

Selection

  Select packages to those selected, those not selected, or all. Here, “selected” means that the checkbox in the beginning of the line of a package is ticked.

Display configuration buttons

  To the right there are three buttons: select all packages, select none (a.k.a. deselect all), and reset all these filters to the defaults, i.e., show all available.

#### B.11.1.2 Package list area

The second are of the main display lists all installed packages. If a repository is loaded, those that are available but not installed are also listed.

Double clicking on a package line pops up an informational window with further details: the long description, included files, etc.

Each line of the package list consists of the following items:

a checkbox

  Used to select particular packages; some of the action buttons (see below) work only on the selected packages.

package name

  The name (identifier) of the package as given in the database.

local revision (and version)

  If the package is installed the TeX Live revision number for the installed package will be shown. If there is a catalogue version given in the database for this package, it will be shown in parentheses. However, the catalogue version, unlike the TL revision, is not guaranteed to reflect what is actually installed.

remote revision (and version)

  If a repository has been loaded the revision of the package in the repository (if present) is shown. As with the local column, if a catalogue version is provided it will be displayed. And also as with the local column, the catalogue version may be stale.

short description

  The short description of the package.

#### B.11.1.3 Main display action buttons

Below the list of packages are several buttons:

Update all installed

  This calls `tlmgr update --all`, i.e., tries to update all available packages. Below this button is a toggle to allow reinstallation of previously removed packages as part of this action.

  The other four buttons only work on the selected packages, i.e., those where the checkbox at the beginning of the package line is ticked.

Update

  Update only the selected packages.

Install

  Install the selected packages; acts like `tlmgr install`, i.e., also installs dependencies. Thus, installing a collection installs all its constituent packages.

Remove

  Removes the selected packages; acts like `tlmgr remove`, i.e., it will also remove dependencies of collections (but not dependencies of normal packages).

Backup

  Makes a backup of the selected packages; acts like `tlmgr backup`. This action needs the option `backupdir` set (see `Options -` General>).

#### B.11.2 Menu bar

The following entries can be found in the menu bar:

`tlmgr` menu

  The items here load various repositories: the default as specified in the TeX Live database, the default network repository, the repository specified on the command line (if any), and an arbitrarily manually-entered one. Also has the so-necessary `quit` operation.

`Options menu`

  Provides access to several groups of options: `Paper` (configuration of default paper sizes), `Platforms` (only on Unix, configuration of the supported/installed platforms), `GUI Language` (select language used in the GUI interface), and `General` (everything else).

  Several toggles are also here. The first is `Expert options`, which is set by default. If you turn this off, the next time you start the GUI a simplified screen will be shown that display only the most important functionality. This setting is saved in the configuration file of `tlmgr`; see CONFIGURATION FILE FOR TLMGR for details.

  The other toggles are all off by default: for debugging output, to disable the automatic installation of new packages, and to disable the automatic removal of packages deleted from the server. Playing with the choices of what is or isn’t installed may lead to an inconsistent TeX Live installation; e.g., when a package is renamed.

`Actions menu`

  Provides access to several actions: update the filename database (aka `ls-R`, `mktexlsr`, `texhash`), rebuild all formats (`fmtutil-sys --all`), update the font map database (`updmap-sys`), restore from a backup of a package, and use of symbolic links in system directories (not on Windows).

  The final action is to remove the entire TeX Live installation (also not on Windows).

`Help menu`

  Provides access to the TeX Live manual (also on the web at http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html) and the usual “About” box.

### B.12 MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT

With the `--machine-readable` option, `tlmgr` writes to stdout in the fixed line-oriented format described here, and the usual informational messages for human consumption are written to stderr (normally they are written to stdout). The idea is that a program can get all the information it needs by reading stdout.

Currently this option only applies to the update, install, and option actions.

#### B.12.1 Machine-readable `update` and `install` output

The output format is as follows:

      fieldname "\t" value
      ...
      "end-of-header"
      pkgname status localrev serverrev size runtime esttot
      ...
      "end-of-updates"
      other output from post actions, not in machine readable form

The header section currently has two fields: `location-url` (the repository source from which updates are being drawn), and `total-bytes` (the total number of bytes to be downloaded).

The localrev and serverrev fields for each package are the revision numbers in the local installation and server repository, respectively. The size field is the number of bytes to be downloaded, i.e., the size of the compressed tar file for a network installation, not the unpacked size. The runtime and esttot fields are only present for updated and auto-install packages, and contain the currently passed time since start of installation/updates and the estimated total time.

Line endings may be either LF or CRLF depending on the current platform.

`location-url` location

  The location may be a url (including `file:///foo/bar/...`), or a directory name (`/foo/bar`). It is the package repository from which the new package information was drawn.

`total-bytes` count

  The count is simply a decimal number, the sum of the sizes of all the packages that need updating or installing (which are listed subsequently).

Then comes a line with only the literal string `end-of-header`.

Each following line until a line with literal string `end-of-updates` reports on one package. The fields on each line are separated by a tab. Here are the fields.

pkgname

  The TeX Live package identifier, with a possible platform suffix for executables. For instance, `pdftex` and `pdftex.i386-linux` are given as two separate packages, one on each line.

status

  The status of the package update. One character, as follows:

  `d`

    The package was removed on the server.

  `f`

    The package was removed in the local installation, even though a collection depended on it. (E.g., the user ran `tlmgr remove --force`.)

  `u`

    Normal update is needed.

  `r`

    Reversed non-update: the locally-installed version is newer than the version on the server.

  `a`

    Automatically-determined need for installation, the package is new on the server and is (most probably) part of an installed collection.

  `i`

    Package will be installed and isn’t present in the local installation (action install).

  `I`

    Package is already present but will be reinstalled (action install).

localrev

  The revision number of the installed package, or `-` if it is not present locally.

serverrev

  The revision number of the package on the server, or `-` if it is not present on the server.

size

  The size in bytes of the package on the server. The sum of all the package sizes is given in the `total-bytes` header field mentioned above.

runtime

  The run time since start of installations or updates.

esttot

  The estimated total time.

#### B.12.2 Machine-readable `option` output

The output format is as follows:

      key "\t" value

If a value is not saved in the database the string `(not set)` is shown.

If you are developing a program that uses this output, and find that changes would be helpful, do not hesitate to write the mailing list.

### B.13 AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT

This script and its documentation were written for the TeX Live distribution (http://tug.org/texlive) and both are licensed under the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later.

## Index

Jump to: | - A B C D E F G I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z

| Index Entry |  | Section

- |  |
| `--bindir configure option`: |  | `--prefix` `--bindir` …
| `--build=host`: |  | Cross configuring
| `--disable-all-packages configure option`: |  | Build one package
| `--disable-all-pkgs`: |  | `--disable-all-pkgs`
| `--disable-bibtex8`: |  | Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`
| `--disable-dump-share`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-dvipdfmx`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`
| `--disable-etex-synctex`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-ipc`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-largefile`: |  | `--disable-largefile`
| `--disable-linked-scripts`: |  | Configure options for `texk/texlive`
| `--disable-mf-nowin`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-missing`: |  | `--disable-missing`
| `--disable-native-texlive-build`: |  | `--disable-native-texlive-build`
| `--disable-omfonts`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-prog`: |  | `--enable-prog` `--disable-prog`
| `--disable-tex`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-web-progs`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--disable-xdvipdfmx`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`
| `--enable-*win for Metafont window support`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--enable-auto-core`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--enable-compiler-warnings=level`: |  | `--enable-compiler-warnings=`level
| `--enable-cxx-runtime-hack configure option`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `--enable-etex`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--enable-libtool-hack`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--enable-maintainer-mode`: |  | `--enable-maintainer-mode`
| `--enable-maintainer-mode configure option`: |  | Build system tools
| `--enable-mktextfm-default`: |  | `kpathsea` library
| `--enable-multiplatform`: |  | `--enable-multiplatform`
| `--enable-prog`: |  | `--enable-prog` `--disable-prog`
| `--enable-shared`: |  | `--enable-shared`
| `--enable-silent-rules`: |  | `--enable-silent-rules`
| `--enable-tex-synctex`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--enable-texlive-build`: |  | `--disable-native-texlive-build`
| `--enable-xi2-scrolling`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `--enable-xindy-docs`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `--enable-xindy-rules`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `--host=host`: |  | Cross configuring
| `--libdir`: |  | `--enable-multiplatform`
| `--no-clean Build option`: |  | Build problems
| `--prefix configure option`: |  | `--prefix` `--bindir` …
| `--with-banner-add=str`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--with-clisp-runtime=filename`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `--with-editor=cmd`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--with-fontconfig-includes=dir`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--with-fontconfig-libdir=dir`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `--with-gs=filename`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `--with-lib-includes=dir, -libdir`: |  | Library-specific configure options
| `--with-libgs-includes, -libdir`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`
| `--with-recode`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `--with-system-kpathsea`: |  | `kpathsea` library
| `--with-system-lib`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `--with-system-lib`: |  | Library-specific configure options
| `--with-system-libgs`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`
| `--with-system-poppler`: |  | Configure options for system `poppler`
| `--with-system-xpdf`: |  | Configure options for system `poppler`
| `--with-xdvi-x-toolkit`: |  | `xdvik` package
| `--with-xdvi-x-toolkit=kit`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `--without-libgs`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`
| `--without-ln-s`: |  | `--without-ln-s`
| `--without-x`: |  | `--without-x`
| `-C configure option`: |  | Build in parallel
| `-j make option`: |  | Build in parallel

A |  |
| adapting TeX Live for distros: |  | Distro builds
| adding a new generic library: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| adding a new program: |  | Adding a new program module
| adding a new TeX-specific library: |  | Adding a new TeX-specific library module
| adding to TeX Live: |  | Extending TeX Live
| `am/` top-level directory: |  | Top-level directories
| ANSI C: |  | Declarations and definitions
| `asymptote`: |  | Linked scripts
| `asymptote`: |  | `asymptote`
| Autoconf: |  | Overview of build system
| autoconf macros: |  | Autoconf macros
| Automake: |  | Overview of build system

B |  |
| `biber`: |  | Linked scripts
| `bibtex-x`: |  | Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`
| `bibtex8`: |  | Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`
| `bibtexu`: |  | Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`
| BSD distro: |  | Distro builds
| build directory, required: |  | Building
| build iteration: |  | Build iteration
| build on demand: |  | Build one package
| build one package: |  | Build one package
| build problems: |  | Build problems
| `Build script`: |  | Building
| build system, design of: |  | Overview of build system
| `BUILDCC, BUILDCFLAGS, …`: |  | Cross configuring
| building: |  | Building
| building a distribution: |  | Build distribution
| building in parallel: |  | Build in parallel

C |  |
| C, ANSI, required: |  | Declarations and definitions
| C99, avoided: |  | Declarations and definitions
| cache file, for `configure`: |  | Build in parallel
| cache for `configure`: |  | Build in parallel
| `callexe.c`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `CC`: |  | Variables for configure
| `CC_BUILD`: |  | Cross problems
| `chktex`: |  | Declarations and definitions
| `clisp`: |  | Variables for configure
| `CLISP`: |  | Variables for configure
| CLISP: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `clisp`, required by `xindy`: |  | Prerequisites
| coding conventions: |  | Coding conventions
| compilers, C and C++: |  | Prerequisites
| `config.guess, config.sub`: |  | Top-level directories
| `configure` options: |  | Configure options
| `configure` options, for `bibtex-x`: |  | Configure options for `texk/bibtex-x`
| `configure` options, for `dvipdfm-x`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`
| `configure` options, for `dvisvgm`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`
| `configure` options, for `kpathsea`: |  | Configure options for `kpathsea`
| `configure` options, for system `poppler`: |  | Configure options for system `poppler`
| `configure` options, for `texk/texlive`: |  | Configure options for `texk/texlive`
| `configure` options, for `web2c`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `configure` options, for `xdvik`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `configure` options, for `xindy`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `configure` options, global: |  | Global configure options
| `configure` options, library-specific: |  | Library-specific configure options
| `configure` options, program-specific: |  | Program-specific configure options
| `configure` variables: |  | Variables for configure
| configuring, for cross compilation: |  | Cross configuring
| `const`: |  | Const
| conventions, coding: |  | Coding conventions
| `CPPFLAGS`: |  | Variables for configure
| cross compilation: |  | Cross compilation
| cross compilation configuring: |  | Cross configuring
| cross compilation problems: |  | Cross problems
| cross compilation, with host binary: |  | `xdvik` package
| `ctangle`: |  | Cross problems
| `CXX`: |  | Variables for configure

D |  |
| declarations and definitions, in source code: |  | Declarations and definitions
| dependencies, with several output files: |  | Build in parallel
| `DESTDIR`: |  | `--prefix` `--bindir` …
| directories, for installation: |  | Installation directories
| directories, top-level: |  | Top-level directories
| discards qualifiers warning: |  | Const
| `dist` and `distcheck` targets for `make`: |  | Build distribution
| distribution tarball, making: |  | Build distribution
| distro, building for: |  | Distro builds
| `dvipdfmx`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`
| `dvisvgm`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvisvgm`

E |  |
| environment variables, for `configure`: |  | Configure options
| `exec_prefix`: |  | `--enable-multiplatform`
| extending TeX Live: |  | Extending TeX Live
| `extern` functions: |  | Declarations and definitions
| `extra/` top-level directory: |  | Top-level directories

F |  |
| failure to build: |  | Build problems
| `ffcall`, required by `xindy`: |  | Prerequisites
| flags, macros for library and header: |  | Macros for library and header flags
| `fontconfig` library, required by `xetex`: |  | Prerequisites
| FreeType: |  | Prerequisites
| `freetype` cross compiling: |  | Cross problems
| `freetype library`: |  | `freetype` library
| `freetype-config`: |  | `freetype` library
| `freetype-config`: |  | Variables for configure
| `FT2_CONFIG`: |  | Variables for configure

G |  |
| general setup macros: |  | General setup macros
| generic library module, adding: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| global `configure` options: |  | Global configure options
| `gmake`, required: |  | Prerequisites
| GNU `make`, required: |  | Prerequisites
| GNU tools, needed for building: |  | Build system tools
| GNU/Linux distro: |  | Distro builds
| Gnulib, used for common files: |  | Top-level directories

I |  |
| `iconv`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| ICU cross compiling: |  | Cross problems
| ICU libraries: |  | Variables for configure
| `icu-config`: |  | Variables for configure
| `ICU_CONFIG`: |  | Variables for configure
| infrastructure, tools needed for: |  | Build system tools
| `install-tl, TeX Live installer`: |  | Installing
| installation directories: |  | Installation directories
| installing: |  | Installing
| interprocess communication: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| introduction: |  | Introduction
| iteration through sources, by `configure` and `make`: |  | Build iteration

K |  |
| `kpathsea library`: |  | `kpathsea` library
| `kpathsea.ac`: |  | `kpathsea` library
| `kpse-libpng-flags.m4`: |  | `png` library
| `kpse-pkgs.m4`: |  | Overview of build system
| `kpse-zlib-flags.m4`: |  | `zlib` library
| `kpsewhich`: |  | Variables for configure
| `KPSEWHICH`: |  | Variables for configure
| `KPSE_ADD_FLAGS`: |  | Macros for library and header flags
| `KPSE_ALL_SYSTEM_FLAGS`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `KPSE_BASIC`: |  | General setup macros
| `KPSE_CHECK_LATEX`: |  | Macros for programs
| `KPSE_CHECK_PDFLATEX`: |  | Macros for programs
| `KPSE_CHECK_PERL`: |  | Macros for programs
| `KPSE_CHECK_WIN32`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `KPSE_COMMON`: |  | General setup macros
| `KPSE_COMPILER_VISIBILITY`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `KPSE_COMPILER_WARNINGS`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `KPSE_COND_MINGW32`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `KPSE_COND_WIN32`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `KPSE_COND_WIN32_WRAP`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `kpse_cv_cxx_hack`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `kpse_cv_have_win32`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `kpse_cv_visibility_c[xx]flags`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `kpse_cv_warning_cflags`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `KPSE_CXX_HACK`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `KPSE_ENABLE_PROG`: |  | Adding a new program module
| `KPSE_LARGEFILE`: |  | Macros for libraries
| `KPSE_LIBPNG_FLAGS`: |  | Macros for library and header flags
| `KPSE_LIBPNG_FLAGS`: |  | `png` library
| `kpse_libs_pkgs`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `KPSE_LIB_FLAGS`: |  | Macros for library and header flags
| `KPSE_LIB_FLAGS`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `KPSE_LIB_SYSTEM_FLAGS`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `KPSE_PROG_LEX`: |  | Macros for programs
| `KPSE_RESTORE_FLAGS`: |  | Macros for library and header flags
| `kpse_texk_pkgs`: |  | Adding a new program module
| `kpse_texlibs_pkgs`: |  | Adding a new TeX-specific library module
| `KPSE_TRY_LIB`: |  | `png` library
| `KPSE_TRY_LIB`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `KPSE_TRY_LIBXX`: |  | `png` library
| `KPSE_TRY_LIBXX`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `kpse_utils_pkgs`: |  | Adding a new program module
| `KPSE_WIN32_CALL`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `KPSE_WITH_LIB`: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| `KPSE_WITH_TEXLIB`: |  | Adding a new TeX-specific library module

L |  |
| large file support: |  | `--disable-largefile`
| `LATEX`: |  | Variables for configure
| layout of sources: |  | Layout and infrastructure
| LFS (large file support): |  | `--disable-largefile`
| `libfreetype`: |  | Variables for configure
| `libfreetype`, and `const`: |  | Const
| `libpng library`: |  | `png` library
| library module, generic, adding: |  | Adding a new generic library module
| library module, TeX-specific, adding: |  | Adding a new TeX-specific library module
| library modules: |  | Library modules
| library-specific `configure` options: |  | Library-specific configure options
| `libstc++, statically linking`: |  | Macros for compilers
| Libtool: |  | Overview of build system
| `libtool, hack for avoiding excessive linking`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `libXt`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| linked scripts: |  | Linked scripts
| linking C++ libraries statically: |  | Macros for compilers
| `lisp.run, lisp.exe`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| LittleEndian architectures: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`

M |  |
| `m4/` top-level directory: |  | Top-level directories
| macros, for compilers: |  | Macros for compilers
| macros, for libraries: |  | Macros for libraries
| macros, for library and header flags: |  | Macros for library and header flags
| macros, for programs: |  | Macros for programs
| macros, for Windows: |  | Macros for Windows
| macros, general setup: |  | General setup macros
| `MAKE`: |  | Variables for configure
| `make -t`: |  | Build system tools
| `mf-nowin`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `mingw32`: |  | Cross configuring
| `MINGW32, Automake conditional`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `mktex.ac`: |  | `kpathsea` library
| `mktextfm`: |  | `kpathsea` library
| modules, for libraries: |  | Library modules
| modules, for programs: |  | Program modules
| `motif`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`

N |  |
| native cross compilation: |  | Cross compilation

O |  |
| one package, building: |  | Build one package
| OpenGL, required for Asymptote: |  | `asymptote`
| operating system distribution, building for: |  | Distro builds
| `opl2ofm, et al.`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `otangle`: |  | Cross problems
| overall build process: |  | Building

P |  |
| parallel build: |  | Build in parallel
| paths, for installation: |  | Installation directories
| PDF files, size of: |  | `--disable-largefile`
| `PDFLATEX`: |  | Variables for configure
| `PERL`: |  | Variables for configure
| `perl`, required by `web2c`, etc.: |  | Prerequisites
| `PKG_CONFIG`: |  | Variables for configure
| `plain.tex, not in source tree`: |  | Installing
| `png library`: |  | `png` library
| `poppler`: |  | Configure options for system `poppler`
| PostScript files, size of: |  | `--disable-largefile`
| Preining, Norbert: |  | Distro builds
| preloaded binaries: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| prerequisites for building: |  | Prerequisites
| problems with build: |  | Build problems
| program module, adding: |  | Adding a new program module
| program modules: |  | Program modules
| program-specific `configure` options: |  | Program-specific configure options

R |  |
| `reautoconf`: |  | Build system tools
| `recode`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| requirements for building: |  | Prerequisites
| `runscript.exe`: |  | Macros for Windows

S |  |
| scripts, linked and not maintained: |  | Linked scripts
| `scrolling`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `SED`: |  | Variables for configure
| setup macros, general: |  | General setup macros
| shared libraries, using vs. avoiding: |  | Distro builds
| size of PDF and PS files: |  | `--disable-largefile`
| size of source tree: |  | Build one package
| source code declarations: |  | Declarations and definitions
| source directory building, not supported: |  | Building
| source tree: |  | Layout and infrastructure
| `squeeze`: |  | Cross problems
| `squeeze/configure.ac`: |  | `xdvik` package
| `static` functions: |  | Declarations and definitions
| static linking for C++: |  | Macros for compilers
| `stpcpy`: |  | Declarations and definitions
| Subversion repository: |  | Build system tools
| support files, separate from build: |  | Installing
| symlinks, used for scripts: |  | Linked scripts
| synctex: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| system distribution, building for: |  | Distro builds

T |  |
| `t1utils package`: |  | `t1utils` package
| `tangle`: |  | Cross problems
| tests, running: |  | Overview of build system
| TeX-specific library module, adding: |  | Adding a new TeX-specific library module
| `texlive.tlpdb, TeX Live database`: |  | Installing
| `tie`: |  | Cross problems
| timestamps, in repository: |  | Build system tools
| tools, for building: |  | Build system tools
| top-level directories: |  | Top-level directories
| touching files to avoid rerunning: |  | Build system tools
| `txt2zlib`: |  | Cross problems
| type cast, avoiding: |  | Const

U |  |
| `use-commit-times, Subversion`: |  | Build system tools

V |  |
| variable declarations, in source code: |  | Declarations and definitions
| variables for `configure`: |  | Variables for configure

W |  |
| warning, discards qualifiers: |  | Const
| `WARNING_C[XX]FLAGS`: |  | Macros for compilers
| `web2c program`: |  | Cross problems
| `web2c.ac`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `wget`: |  | Linked scripts
| `WIN32, Automake conditional`: |  | Macros for Windows
| `WIN32_WRAP, Automake conditional`: |  | Macros for Windows
| Windows, invoking scripts on: |  | Linked scripts
| Windows, macros for: |  | Macros for Windows
| `withenable.ac, for new modules`: |  | Adding a new program module
| wrapper binary for scripts on Windows: |  | Linked scripts

X |  |
| X toolkit: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| X11 headers, and `const`: |  | Const
| X11, required by X clients: |  | Prerequisites
| `xasy`: |  | `asymptote`
| `xaw`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `xdvik`: |  | `xdvik` package
| `xdvik`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `xdvipdfmx`: |  | Configure options for `texk/dvipdfm-x`
| `xindy`: |  | Linked scripts
| `xindy`: |  | `xindy` package
| `xindy`: |  | Configure options for `utils/xindy`
| `xindy` cross compiling impossible: |  | Cross problems
| `XInput`: |  | Configure options for `texk/xdvik`
| `Xlib`: |  | Configure options for `texk/web2c`
| `xpdf as library`: |  | Configure options for system `poppler`
| `xz`: |  | Linked scripts

Z |  |
| `zlib library`: |  | `zlib` library

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